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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fas-induced apoptosis is a feature of progressive diabetic nephropathy in transgenic (mRen-2)27 rats: Attenuation with renin-angiotensin blockade (2004)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Nephrology 9 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background and Aim:  Tubular atrophy is a major feature of most renal diseases and is closely associated with the loss of renal function. The present study sought to investigate whether Fas/FasL-induced tubular epithelial cell apoptosis was a feature of experimental diabetic nephropathy. The effects of renoprotective therapy with blockade of the renin-angiotensin (RAS) system were also examined.Method:  Six-week-old female Ren-2 rats were injected with streptozotocin and maintained diabetic for 12 weeks. Further groups of diabetic rats were treated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, perindopril, for 12 weeks.Results:  Widespread apoptosis, identified by using mediated Terminal dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining was noted in the tubules of diabetic Ren-2 rats. These changes were associated with an increase in both Fas mRNA and Fas L (ligand) within the tubules (P 〈 0.01). Treatment of diabetic Ren-2 rats with perindopril (6 mg/kg per day) reduced the apoptosis to control levels and was associated with a reduction in Fas mRNA and Fas L protein (P 〈 0.05).Conclusion:  In conclusion, Fas/Fas L-induced tubular apoptosis is a feature of diabetic Ren-2 rats and is attenuated by the blockade of the RAS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2003.00227.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme is expressed in normotensive and hypertensive patients with renal disease (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Nephrology 4 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: SUMMARY: The enzyme 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11βHSD2) converts glucocorticoids to their 11-keto metabolites, permitting binding of aldosterone to the non-selective mineralocorticoid receptor. Recent studies have suggested that 11βHSD deficiency may be implicated in essential hypertension and renal disease. Using an antibody against a peptide deduced from the cDNA sequence, the renal expression of 11βHSD2 was examined in patients with advanced stages of renal disease and associated hypertension, patients with primary hypertension resulting in renal damage, and patients with preserved or mildly damaged renal architecture without concomitant hypertension. Despite variable degrees of tubulointerstitial damage, 11βHSD2 was expressed in distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts in all patient groups. Collapsed tubules retained strong immunoreactivity, but decreased staining was apparent in dilated tubules. There was weak staining of the thick ascending limb of Henle. Variable glomerular expression of 11βHSD2 was observed. Our results therefore suggest that absence of renal 11βHSD2 is not a prominent feature of hypertensive nephrosclerosis, or primary renal disease associated with hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.1998.tb00325.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme is expressed in normotensive and hypertensive patients with renal disease (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Nephrology 4 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The enzyme 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11βHSD2) converts glucocorticoids to their 11-keto metabolites, permitting binding of aldosterone to the non-selective mineralocorticoid receptor. Recent studies have suggested that 11βHSD deficiency may be implicated in essential hypertension and renal disease. Using an antibody against a peptide deduced from the cDNA sequence, the renal expression of 11βHSD2 was examined in patients with advanced stages of renal disease and associated hypertension, patients with primary hypertension resulting in renal damage, and patients with preserved or mildly damaged renal architecture without concomitant hypertension. Despite variable degrees of tubulointerstitial damage, 11βHSD2 was expressed in distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts in all patient groups. Collapsed tubules retained strong immunoreactivity, but decreased staining was apparent in dilated tubules. There was weak staining of the thick ascending limb of Henle. Variable glomerular expression of 11βHSD2 was observed. Our results therefore suggest that absence of renal 11βHSD2 is not a prominent feature of hypertensive nephrosclerosis, or primary renal disease associated with hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1797.1998.d01-19.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of transportation on the juvenile scallop Pecten maximus (L.) (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: At the present time, there is little information concerning the effect of transport on the physiology of scallops. Therefore, the overall objective of this study was to use the adenylic energetic charge (AEC) as an indicator of stress in scallops. Three transport trials were carried out: dry transport in polystyrene boxes containing seaweed and transport by vivier lorry at various densities. Post-transport scallop mortality was low for all trials, but the AEC results showed that scallop stress was reduced when animals were transported by vivier truck compared with dry transport. AEC levels in scallops remained high after 24.75 h of vivier transport in trial 2 (0.54–0.69) and after 17 h of vivier transport in trial 3 (0.79–0.82), whereas after 12 h of dry transport in trial 1, AEC levels in the striated muscle had decreased to 0.42. Ammonia concentration increased throughout the trials but did not appear to affect scallop survival in the short term. In general, the results indicate that greater survival can be achieved over longer distances (greater than 17 h) and at higher densities by vivier truck. However, better stability of holding units within tanks and a method to regulate ammonia and pH levels are needed if greater densities are used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1999.00332.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    VASCULAR LOCALIZATION OF THE 11β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE II ENZYME (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 23 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (11βHSD2) confers specificity on the non-specific mineralocorticoid receptor by converting cortisol to cortisone.2. We have examined the localization of this enzyme in the human skin, myocardium and saphenous vein by immuno-histochemical techniques.3. High amounts of 11βHSD2 immunoreactivity were found in smooth muscle cells in the arterioles of the skin, heart and saphenous vein. Lower amounts of staining were also found in longitudinal and concentric smooth muscle cells lining the lumen of the saphenous vein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb02776.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased expression of basic fibroblast growth factor during chronic rejection in intestinal transplants is associated with macrophage infiltrates (1999)
    Springer
    Transplant international 12 (1999), S. 42-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Basic fibroblast growth factor ; chronic rejection ; small bowel transplantation ; Small bowel transplantation ; macrophage infiltration ; chronic rejection ; Chronic rejection ; small bowel transplantation ; basic fibroplast growth factor ; Macrophage infiltration ; chronic rejection ; small bowel transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Long-term survival of intestinal transplants is hampered by chronic rejection (CR). Since transplants with CR demonstrate fibrotic changes, the cytokine basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) may be involved in the tissue remodelling of chronic intestinal rejection. The aim of this study was to investigate the bFGF gene and protein expression and distribution in chronically rejecting intestinal allografts. Orthotopic small bowel transplantation was performed in the allogeneic DA-to-AS rat combination. Cyclosporin was administered temporarily to prevent acute rejection. Controls were DA isografts and normal DA. bFGF gene expression was evaluated using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the ileum RNA and was standardized against Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH) expression. bFGF protein was determined using immunohistochemistry. To identify the bFGF-positive cell type, sequential sections were stained for cell markers. Allografts showed histological features of CR, whereas isografts preserved normal architecture. bFGF gene expression was present in normal ileum and significantly upregulated in allografts. Immunohistochemical staining showed a significant increase in bFGF protein compared to isografts. Most bFGF-positive cells were localized in the submucosa and muscularis, particularly around the neural plexus. bFGF-positive cells appeared to be ED-2-positive macrophages, strongly suggesting that the site of bFGF production is the activated macrophage. This study demonstrates increased bFGF mRNA and protein in chronically rejecting intestinal allografts that appear to be produced by macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001470050183
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Investigation into Behavioural Indicators of Stress in Juvenile Scallops (1999)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 7 (1999), S. 169-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Keywords: behaviour ; recessing ; righting ; scallop (Pecten maximus) ; stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Recessing and righting behaviour requires a big energetic cost to scallops and if the animals are already weakened by the stress of handling, exposure to air and transport they may find if difficult to carry out these manoeuvres. The objectives of this study were to determine the preferred sediment of scallop (Pecten maximus) spat and to determine the recessing and righting behaviour of spat under a dessication stress. The results showed that the time taken to recess was indirectly proportional to the mean sediment size of the sediment. When using the 'preferred' sediment, recessing and righting speed was indirectly proportional to the degree of exposure to air experienced by the animals. Thus by removing seasonal and size variables we were able to demonstrate a clear relationship between quality and behaviour in juvenile scallops. This test is therefore not only sensitive to changes in spat quality but is also a very quick and simple test to perform.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009291323103
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