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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Down syndrome ; Immunodeficiency ; Mixed lymphocyte reaction ; NK activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 16 non-institutionalized patients with Down syndrome (DS) were studied with various monoclonal antibodies and analysed for natural killer (NK), and NK-like activity. Lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) cytotoxicity generated in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) were also evaluated in 11 DS patients. Phenotypic characterization of PBMC from DS subjects confirms our previous findings of high numbers of CD8+ lymphocytes and HNK-1+, and CD16+ cells. Lymphocyte proliferation and CTL cytotoxicity generated in MLC were low or absent in most patients. NK activity was low in almost all DS patients, while NK-like cytotoxicity generated in MLC was normal in the majority and did not correlate with NK activity from unstimulated PBMC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We studied the Interaction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (Con A) with regard to IgM and IgG production in in vitro cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) In our system LPS alone over a wide range Of concentration did not stimulate detectable IgM or IgG production, while Con A at optimal (6 μg ml) and suboptimal (0.6 μg/ml) mitogen concentration induced synthesis of small amounts of Ig. A marked enhancing effect was present when both Con A and LPS were added to the cultures. The different doses of LPS had similar effect on both classes of Ig, and typical dose-response curves were obtained. To evaluate the cellular basis of this synergism, the effect on cell proliferation was studied undo identical experimental conditions in normal subject and patients with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (X-LA). Parallel cultures were set up after monocyte depletion by adherence on petri dishes. On day 3, increasing doses of LPS were associated with progressive decreases in 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) Incorporation. Similar result were obtained with normal lymphocytes and those from X-LA patients. Monocyte depletion did not substantially after the lymphocyte response pattern. The preferential Induction of helper activities, either directly by helper stimulation or indirectly by suppressor minimum, is suggested us a possible mechanism of the Interaction observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cells secreting IgM, IgG and IgA were evaluated in cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with pokeweed mitogen by a haemolytic plaque assay using protein A-coated erythrocytes in the presence of class-specifie antisera. Kinetic study revealed that immunoglobulin-secreting cells appeared after 3 days of culture and peaked between days 5 and 7. IgM-secreting cells predominated throughout the culture period. This plaque assay is a useful and sensitive in vitro test for the evaluation of polyclonal B-cell activation in humans and may provide a good approach to the study of disturbances in the synthesis of the various classes of immunoglobulins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Proben von nicht stimuliertem komplettem Speichel von 15 gesunden Kindern mit 0,5–6 mg/100 ml sekretorischem IgA und von zehn gesunden Erwachsenen mit 4–18 mg/100 ml sekretorischem IgA wurden gesammelt und in vitro mit Dithiothreitol und Alpha-Mercaptopropionylglycin behandelt, und die Wirkung dieser reduzierenden Medikamente auf die immunchemischen Eigenschaften des sekretorischen IgA wurde untersucht. Dithiothreitol führte zu einer Depolymerisation des sekretorischen IgA und einer Abspaltung des sekretorischen Stücks vom IgA Molekül; darüber hinaus verminderte es stark den Titer der sekretorischen Antikörper gegenEscherichia coli-Antigene. Die Substanz Alpha-Mercaptopropionylglycin veränderte offensichtlich weder die polymere Struktur des sekretorischen IgA noch den Titer der sekretorischen anti-E. coli-Antikörper, jedoch bewirkte es eine Abspaltung des sekretorischen Stücks. Insgesamt scheint es, daß Medikamente mit reduzierenden Eigenschaften, die derzeit zur Verflüssigung von schleimigen Sekreten in der klinischen Praxis verwendet werden, sorgfältig auf ihre mögliche Nebenwirkung einer Verminderung der lokalen Immunität untersucht werden sollten.
    Notes: Summary Samples of unstimulated whole saliva from 15 healthy children with 0.5–6 mg/100 ml of secretory IgA and from 10 healthy adults with 4–18 mg/100 ml of secretory IgA were pooled and treated in vitro with dithiothreitol andα-mercaptopropionylglycine. The effect of these reducing drugs on the immunochemical properties of secretory IgA was evaluated. Dithiothreitol induced depolymerization of secretory IgA and splitting of the secretory piece from the IgA molecule; furthermore it strongly reduced the titer of secretory antibodies toEscherichia coli antigens. The drugα-mercaptopropionylglycine apparently did not affect either the polymeric structure of secretory IgA or the titer of secretory anti-E. coli antibodies; however it induced splitting of the secretory piece. On the whole it appears that drugs with reducing properties, currently employed for liquifying mucous secretions in clinical practice, should be carefully evaluated for possible depressive side-effects on local immunity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Bestätigung der Verdachtsdiagnose einer LAV/HTLV-III-Infektion ist die serologische Untersuchung der Patienten von größter Bedeutung. Derzeit wird ELISA auf breiter Basis für das Screening eingesetzt, doch bestehen wie beim Immunfluoreszenz-Test unterschiedliche Raten möglicher unspezifischer Positivität. Mit der Western-Blot-(WB-)Technik können andererseits Antikörper gegen verschiedene Virusproteine nachgewiesen werden. Wir berichten über die serologischen Befunde von drei mit LAV/HTLV III infizierten Familien. Insbesondere werden die Muster der spezifisch gegen Virusproteine gerichteten Antikörper beschrieben. Mit Ausnahme eines Kindes waren alle Patienten in ELISA und WB seropositiv. Bei dem genannten Kind beruhte die Positivität in ELISA und Immunfluoreszenztest auf unspezifischer Bindung. Bei zwei der drei untersuchten Kinder bestand eine enge Beziehung zwischen einem schweren klinischen Verlauf und Fehlen von p-25-spezifischen IgM-Antikörpern. Dagegen nahm die Krankheit bei einem Kind, bei dem sich ein Wechsel von IgM-Antikörpern auf p-25-spezifische IgG-Antikörper nachweisen ließ, einen günstigen Verlauf. Wir beobachteten eine Familie, in der offensichtlich keine Übertragung von LAV/HTLV III von der Mutter auf das Neugeborene erfolgt war; das Kind war im Alter von einem Jahr seronegativ und gesund. Bei Geburt fanden sich spezifische Antikörper gegen LAV/HTLV III, die dem Antikörpermuster der Mutter entsprachen, doch hatte es keine virusspezifischen IgM-Antikörper. Die Mutter hatte die Virusinfektion bereits auf ihr erstes Kind übertragen, das an AIDS starb. Es werden vorläufige Vermutungen über den Nachweis verschiedener spezifischer Antikörper und klinischer Ausprägung der Infektion angestellt; der Nutzen des WB wird hervorgehoben.
    Notes: Summary In order to confirm suspected LAV/HTLV III infection, serological evaluation of patients is of utmost importance. ELISA is currently being employed on a large scale for screening, but like the immunofluorescence assay, it has a variable rate of possible non-specific positivity. On the other hand, the Western Blot (WB) technique can detect antibodies to different viral proteins. In this paper we are reporting the serological patterns of three LAV/HTLV III-infected families. In particular, their viral protein-specific antibody patterns are described. With the exception of one child, all the patients tested showed seropositivity in both ELISA and WB. In the one child mentioned above, ELISA and immunofluorescence positivity were due to non-specific binding. Two out of three children tested showed a close correlation between a severe clinical course and the absence of p25-specific IgM. In contrast, one child showing a switch from IgM to p25-specific IgG antibodies had a favorable clinical course. We observed a family in which vertical transmission of LAV/HTLV III from the mother to her neonate seems not to have happened; the child was seronegative and healthy at the age of one. At birth, this neonate had LAV/HTLV III-specific IgG corresponding to the mother's pattern, but it lacked viral-specific IgM. Its mother had transmitted the viral infection to her first child, who died of AIDS. Preliminary suggestions are made about the detection of different specific antibodies and clinical features; the utility of WB is emphasized.
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