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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 139 (1992), S. 763-779 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Three-dimensional ; elastodynamic ; boundary element method ; displacement discontinuity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A boundary element technique has been developed for solving three-dimensional elastodynamic problems in rock mechanics, such as joint slip and the sudden advance of excavations. Both implicit and explicit versions of the technique have been implemented. Comparisons of accuracy and computational efficiency are made for a simple verification problem. Examples in which the technique has been used to investigate the dynamic response of supported and unsupported excavations in tabular orebodies are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Liver metastases ; Interventional treatment modalities ; Alcohol injection ; Drug instillation ; Radiofrequency ablation ; Cryotherapy ; Laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy ; Regional chemoembolisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The liver is the most common site of metastatic tumour deposits. Hepatic metastases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with gastrointestinal carcinomas and other malignant tumours. The rationale and results for interventional therapeutic techniques in the treatment of liver metastases are presented. For the treatment of patients with irresectable liver metastases, alternative local ablative therapeutic modalities have been developed. Technique and results of local interventional therapies are presented such as microwave-, radiofrequency (RF)- and ultrasound ablation, and laser-induced interstitial therapy (LITT), cryotherapy and local drug administration such as alcohol injection, endotumoral chemotherapy and regional chemoembolisation. In addition to cryotherapy, all ablative techniques can be performed percutaneously with low morbidity and mortality. Cryotherapy is an effective and precise technique for inducing tumour necrosis, but it is currently performed via laparotomy. Percutaneous local alcohol injection results in an inhomogeneous distribution in liver metastases with unreliable control rates. Local chemotherapeutic drug instillation and regional chemoembolisation produces relevant but non-reproducible lesions. Laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) performed under MRI guidance results in precise and reproducible areas of induced necrosis with a local control of 94 %, and with an improved survival rate. Interventional therapeutic techniques of liver metastases do result in a remarkable local tumour control rate with improved survival results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance ; Head and neck ; Gadodiamide injection ; Contrast medium ; Contrast enhancement ; Clinical trial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a high-dose gadodiamide injection a phase-III trial was conducted using a dose of 0.3 mmol Gd/kg bw in patients with known or suspected tumors in the head and neck region. A total of 90 in- and outpatients referred to MR examination for tumor in the head and neck area were included. Precontrast images consisted of T1- and T2-weighted sequences. A FATSAT sequence was also applied. After i. v. contrast administration T1-weighted scans were obtained. Efficacy was evaluated by means of a comparison of the pre- and postcontrast images. Postcontrast images gave more diagnostic information compared with precontrast images, which facilitated diagnosis in all patients. In 8 patients T1-weighted postcontrast images revealed abnormal structures not seen on precontrast images and no lesion was obscured by the contrast medium. Gadodiamide injection at a dose of 0.3 mmol Gd/kg bw was judged as safe and effective for the examination of tumors in the head and neck region. Use of the contrast medium increased the diagnostic information in the images and increased the confidence in making the diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1247-1251 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MRI ; Head and neck imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to describe current imaging protocols for MR imaging of the head and neck region and to define results and clinical impact. Depending on the clinical question, different MRI protocols are presented for imaging of the head and neck. The appearance of different pathologic findings on imaging studies and how adapted imaging protocols help to improve differential diagnosis is discussed. In summary, MRI is the method of choice for imaging of the head and neck.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1479-1487 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Interventional MRI ; Interstitial therapy ; MR-guided laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The rationale and results for interstitial therapies via interventional MRI in the treatment of tumors in various regions are presented. Different interstitial treatment techniques are presented based on varying technologies both for tumor ablation and treatment monitoring. Data are presented based on 335 patients, 29–84 years of age (mean age 59 years, 196 men and 139 women) with a total of 932 liver tumors, 16 head and neck tumors and 14 abdominal recurrent pelvic and lymphatic tumors. All lesions had been treated with MR-guided laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) via 2516 laser applications and 1856 cannulations. Data in the literature are extremely varying depending on author experience, treatment technique, and the included patient material. In our patient material we were able to achieve a local tumor control of 96.7 % depending on the size of the tumorous lesion, the topographical relationship, and the applied laser parameters. The overall cumulative survival rate of patients with liver metastases was 45.74 months (median 40.97 months, 95 % confidence interval 31.42–50.52). The cumulative survival rate of the patient group with hepatic metastases of colorectal carcinoma was 42.71 months (median 39.33 months, 95 % confidence interval 33.26–45.37). In patients with head and neck tumors a relevant reduction in clinically relevant symptoms such as pain, swallowing disorders, or nervous compression was achieved in 11 of 15 patients treated with LITT. In 14 soft tissue tumors, such as pelvic tumor recurrence and lymph node metastases, a local tumor control was obtained in 68 % of lesions. Interstitial therapies under interventional MRI guidance, such as LITT, results in a high local tumor control with an improved survival rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Liver metastases ; Interventional therapy ; Laser therapy ; Radiofrequency ; LITT. ; Schlüsselwörter: Lebermetastasen ; radiologische Interventionen ; Lasertherapie ; Radiofrequenztherapie ; LITT.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Bei Patienten mit nicht resektablen Lebermetastasen müssen auf der Basis kurativer oder palliativer Therapiestrategien differenzierte onkologische Konzepte zum Einsatz kommen. Percutane interventionelle Verfahren erlauben eine Optimierung der lokalen Kontrollrate bei strikt intrahepatischen Prozessen. Zu den regionalen Verfahren zählen die lokal regionale Kurzzeitchemotherapie und die transarterielle Chemoembolisation (TACE). An lokal ablativen Verfahren werden einmal die lokale Medikamentenapplikation wie die endotumorale Chemotherapie und die Alkoholinstillation zusammengefaßt. Zu den vielversprechenden Thermotherapieverfahren zählen die Radiofrequenztherapie und die laserinduzierte Thermotherapie (LITT). Unter MR-Steuerung wurden in einer prospektiven Studie bislang 278 Patienten mit nicht resektablen Lebermetastasen therapiert. Die lokale Tumorkontrollrate lag hier bei 92 %, die kumulative Überlebensrate bei 40,8 Monate (Median: 40,97 Monate, 95 %-Konfidenzintervall 36,3–45,2).
    Notes: Summary. In patients with irresectable liver metastases the following spectrum of oncological concepts is in use. Percutaneous interventional methods allows for an optimized local control rate in strictly intrahepatic disease. Regional short-term time chemotherapy and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) belong to regional methods. As local ablative methods, intratumoral drug application, endotumoral chemotherapy and alcohol instillation can be used. The most promising thermotherapeutic strategies are radiofrequency and laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT). In a prospective study 278 patients suffering from liver metastases were treated with MR-guided LITT and exact data for the local control rate and survival rate were evaluated. The overall cumulative survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) of patients with liver metastases was 40.8 months (median: 40.97 months, 95 % confidence interval 36.3–45.2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: Key words Livermetastases • Breast carcinoma • ; Laser induced thermotherapy • Minimally invasive therapy ; Schlüsselwörter Lebermetastasen • Mammakarzinom • Laserinduzierte Thermotherapie • Minimal-invasive Therapien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen der hämatogenen Metastasierung des Mammakarzinoms stellt die Leber ein häufig betroffenes Organ dar. Im Falle eines isolierten Befalls der Leber werden bei fehlendem Ansprechen auf Chemo- und Hormontherapie im Einzelfall lokal sanierende Maßnahmen wie die chirurgische Resektion oder auch minimal-invasive Verfahren wie Tumorablationen diskutiert. Im Rahmen eines klinischen Programms wurden daher prospektiv 51 Patienten mit sekundär metastatischem Befall der Leber bei Mammakarzinom mittels MR-gesteuerter laserinduzierter Thermotherapie in Lokalanästhesie therapiert. Die mittels MR-gesteuerter LITT erzielte lokale Tumorkontrolle in der Leber lag in der 3-Monats-Kontrolle bei 98,2 %, in der 6-Monats-Kontrolle bei 97,1 %. Die mittlere Überlebensrate, berechnet ab Diagnosestellung der gelaserten Metastase betrug 50,29 (95-%-Konfidenzintervall (KI) 41,99–58,59) Monate. Berechnet ab dem Tag der Laserbehandlung betrug die mittlere Überlebensrate 36,31 (95-%-KI 30,40 – 42,22) Monate. Die LITT erlaubt heute eine hohe lokale Tumorkontrollrate; mögliche Indikationen liegen bei Patienten mit primär hepatischer Metastasierung, bei denen trotz Chemo- und Hormontherapie residuelle Lebermetastasen nachgewiesen werden oder diese progredient sind.
    Notes: Summary The liver is one of the most involved organs in the case of hematogenous metastases of breast carcinoma. In strictly intrahepatic involvement of breast cancer local ablative methods like surgical resection and minimal-invasive treatment modalities are discussed when systemic chemo- or hormone therapies are ineffective. In the clinical programme 51 patients with secondary metastastic involvement of the liver due to breast carcinoma were prospectively treated via MR-guided laser-induced thermotherapy in an outpatient setting. Patients were included with a maximum of five lesions up to a maximum diameter of 5 cm. Patients with additional extrahepatic involvement are excluded. MR-guided LITT allowed local tumor control in the liver at three months of 89.2 % and at six months of 79.1 %. The cumulative median survival rate was 50,29 months (confidence interval 95 %, 41.99–42.22 months). MR-guided LITT allows high local tumor control. Possible indications for the treatment with LITT are patients with strictly intrahepatic metastases who are not demonstrating a complete response after chemo- or hormone therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Pharynx ; Entzündung ; MRT ; CT ; Key words Pharynx ; Inflammatory disease ; MRT ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Purpose. To demonstrate imaging findings in inflammatory diseases of the pharynx and possible complications. Material and methods. Radiologic imaging of the pharynx is based on the use of conventional X-ray films, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, plain and contrast enhanced. Results. The advantages of cross sectional imaging techniques like CT and MRT lie in the possibility to diagnose submucosal disease and localized as well as general complications. Most frequently abscesses and phlegmonous diseases have to be diagnosed. CT proves advantageous due to its fast imaging protocol and the widely availability. MRI is superior due to its superior soft tissue contrast and the multiplanar imaging. Conclusion. Spiral-CT and MRI mean valuable diagnostic tools for the evaluation of inflammatory diseases of the pharynx and possible complications.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Vorstellung bildgebender Befunde entzündlicher Pharynx-Erkrankungen auf Basis der CT- und MRT-Diagnostik und interventioneller Techniken. Methodik. Die bildgebende Diagnostik bei entzündlichen Erkrankungen des Pharynx beruht im Wesentlichen auf dem Einsatz der kontrastmittelverstärkten Computertomographie sowie optimierter MRT-Sequenzprotokolle. Dabei ist die Kenntnis der bildmorphologischen Befunde und der Morphologie von Komplikationen entscheidend. Ergebnisse. Der Vorteile der bildgebenden Diagnostik, CT und MRT, liegen in der Möglichkeit, unter der Schleimhaut gelegene, entzündliche Veränderungen zu diagnostizieren sowie lokale oder generalisierte Komplikationen zu evaluieren. Die häufigsten Entitäten stellen dabei parapharyngeal gelegene Abszesse oder phlegmonöse Entzündungen dar. Die Computertomographie erweist sich als vorteilhaft aufgrund der raschen Verfügbarkeit und der präzisen Identifikation flüssigkeits- und lufthaltiger Strukturen. Die MRT besticht durch die verbesserte Weichteilkontrastierung sowie die nicht invasive Flussanalyse mittels MR-Angiographie (MRA). Schlussfolgerungen. Die Spiral-CT sowie die MRT und MRA erlauben wesentliche diagnostische Informationen bei Entzündungen des Pharynx und komplizierten Verläufen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter LITT ; Laserablation ; MR-Thermometrie ; Key words Laser ; MR thermometry ; LITT ; Liver cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary MR-guided LITT (laser-induced thermotherapy) is currently being evaluated for its effectiveness in clinical oncology. MR-guided LITT is defined as a minimally invasive technology based on the effects of the applied Nd-YAG laser on tumorous tissue. Due to specific characteristics of the laser-induced coagulative effect, online monitoring via MR thermometry is possible and extremely precise. In a period of 6 years 335 patients suffering from malignant soft tissue tumors were prospectively treated via MR-guided LITT. We evaluated the local tumor control rate, the rate of complications and the survival data from the clinical and MRI follow-up. Our results prove that MR-guided LITT results in a extremely low rate of side effects and an effective tumor control rate higher than 95%, depending on the size of the lesion. It is concluded that this therapeutic concept is of clinical value for patients with primary and secondary liver cancer, malignant lymph node involvement, abdominal recurrent tumors and tumors of the head and neck.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die interventionelle MR-gesteuerte laserinduzierte Thermotherapie (LITT) wird derzeit klinisch und im Rahmen prospektiver Studien bei unterschiedlichen onkologischen Fragestellungen eingesetzt und evaluiert. Per definitionem stellt die MR-gesteuerte laserinduzierte Thermotherapie ein minimalinvasives Therapieverfahren dar, das auf der Laserwirkung mit resultierendem koagulativen Effekt beruht. Der thermoablative Effekt wird dabei „online”überwacht und dokumentiert durch den Einsatz spezieller MR-Sequenzprotokolle. Innerhalb eines Zeitraums von 6 Jahren wurden dabei prospektiv 335 Patienten mit malignen Weichteiltumoren therapiert und die Tumorortskontrollrate, die Komplikationsrate sowie die Überlebensdaten evaluiert. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die MR-gesteuerte LITT ein nebenwirkungsarmes Therapieverfahren darstellt, mit einer enorm hohen Präzision und einer Tumorortskontrollrate bei optimierter Technik von 〉95%. Als Indikationen werden vorgestellt die Thermotherapie von primären und sekundären Lebermalignomen, sekundärer Lymphknoteninvasionen, abdomineller Rezidivtumoren sowie Tumorfragestellungen in der Kopf-/Halsregion.
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