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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 45 (1979), S. 147-152 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Progressive supranuclear palsy ; Neurofibrillary tangles ; Electron microscopy ; Straight filaments ; Twisted tubules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of subcortical neurofibrillary tangles was investigated in pallidum, substantia nigra, periaqueductal gray, pontine reticular gray, and dentate nucleus of 5 autopsy cases of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Only tangles due to straight 150 Å wide filaments have been detected. These findings, obtained from a large series of cases and areas examined, confirm previous observations on the fine structure of neurofibrillary tangles in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and suggest that the association between tangles due to straight filaments and tangles due to twisted tubules, so far described in one case, is probably exceptional.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 61 (1983), S. 76-80 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Fibrous astrocytes ; Cortical capillaries ; GFAP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In four patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), one patient with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) and five age-matched controls, occipital cortex, frontal cortex, and hippocampus were evaluated for the distribution of fibrous astrocytes (FA), using peroxidase-anti-peroxidase for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). FA, neuronal cells, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), and senile plaques (SP) have been quantified in the occipital cortex. In AD and SDAT there was a significant increase in the number of FA in the molecular layer as well as in the other layers of the cortex. No correlation was found between the increase in FA and the number of neurons, NFT or SP. The GFAP positivity was most pronounced around small blood vessels. Electron-microscopic studies of four cortical biopsies of AD revealed dense perivascular gliosis in 48.8% of the capillaries examined as opposed to 17.8% of capillaries in three controls without dementia. The significance of increased perivascular gliosis in AD and SDAT is unknown. It may be related to a defect in the blood-brain barrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Electron microscopy ; Substantia nigra ; Nucleus centralis superior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In four patients with presenile Alzheimer's disease (AD) and three age-matched controls a quantitative study of neurons and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the substantia nigra (SN) and nucleus centralis superior (NCS) was performed. A significant neuronal loss, similar in both nuclei, was found in AD cases, while the incidence of NFT was remarkably higher in NCS. Moreover, no significant correlation between neuronal loss and number of NFT was detected. An electron-microscopic study revealed that the subcortical NFT in NCS are made up of paired helical filaments in spite of their globose round shape.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Dementia ; Aging ; Cortical capillaries ; Basement membrane ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Data concerning width and surface of the basement membrane of cortical capillaries in three patients with Alzheimer's disease five age-matched controls, have been submitted to statistical analysis to ascertain the role of the aging process upon thickening of the basement membrane itself. The analysis showed that there was a significant difference between patients with Alzheimer's disease and controls (P〈0.01) as to both width and surface of the basement membrane, so suggesting that in these patients aging was not the only factor which thickening of the basement membrane of cortical capillaries was related to.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 146-150 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Spongiform changes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural study of the cortex of four patients with sporadic or familial AD, of two agematched controls without dementia, and of one normal pressure hydrocephalus, revealed in all the cases in the neuropil only occasional vacuoles which had a morphology similar to those observed in CJD. The degree of spongiform-like changes was, however, far less prominent than in CJD and considered mild in all the cases examined. Moreover, curled fragments of membranes within the vacuoles were not observed. It is suggested that the mild vacuolization of the neuropil occasionally observed in cortical biopsies of AD is a non-specific finding and cannot be considered a neuropathologic link between AD and CJD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 44 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ability of human brain endothelial cells to produce mRNA for interleukin-10, and release IL-10 in culture supernatants after in vitro stimulation with LPS, TNF-α and γ-IFN was assessed and compared to that of astrocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. IL-1β and β2-microglobulin release were also analysed. IL-10 and TNF-α mRNA presence was investigated in normal brain as well as in three plaques from two multiple sclerosis patients. While increased IL-1β and β2-microglobulin release in the supernatants of stimulated cells could be detected in all the studied cell lineages, IL-10 mRNA and protein release was only seen in LPS-stimulated PBMNCs. Similarly, mRNA for IL-10 was not detected in CNS tissues, while TNF-α was present in all plaques. The lack of production of significant amounts of IL-10 by astrocytes and human brain endothelial cells suggests that these cells may not be the primary source of in vivo IL-10-mediated down-regulation of immune reactions within the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: chronic progressive multiple sclerosis ; intravenous immunoglobulin ; plasmalymphocytapheresis ; azathioprine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Cinque pazienti affetti da una grave forma di sclerosi multipla cronica progressiva (SMCP) resistente alla terapia steroidea sono stati trattati per sei mesi con IG e.v. ad alto dosaggio associate a plasmaferesi ed azatioprina. Durante il ciclo di trattamento, ben tollerato in tutti i pazienti, si è osservata una apparente riduzione della disabilità, ma l'osservazione clinica a sei mesi ed a un anno non ha confermato questo dato. L'associazione di IG e.v., plasmalinfocitoaferesi ed azatioprina, pur agendo verosimilmente su parte dei meccanismi umorali e cellulari coinvolti nel determinismo della malattia non sembra influenzare l'evoluzione clinica delle forme severe di SMCP.
    Notes: Abstract Five patients with a severe form of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis no longer responsive to steroid therapy were treated for six months with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin associated with plasmalymphocytapheresis and azathioprine. In spite of an apparent initial stabilization of the course of the disease, EDSS assesment after six and twelve months of therapy revealed progressive disability in all patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Thermosensibility ; Cooling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Abbiamo applicato un semplice sistema di raffreddamento (Mark VII Microclimate System) a sei casi di sclerosi multipla (SM) termosensibili, con due sedute giornaliere di 45 minuti ciascuna, per la durata di un mese. La prima seduta è stata preceduta da una valutazione clinica ed elettrofisiologica completa ripetuta dopo il primo raffreddamento e dopo il trentesimo giorno di applicazione, ottenendo quindi informazioni di efficacia in “acuto” e in “cronico”. Un miglioramento clinico soggettivo e obiettivo è stato rilevato sia dopo la prima applicazione che dopo il raffreddamento cronico, mentre, fra i parametri elettrofisiologici, soltanto le latenze dei potenziali evocati somestesici da stimolazione del nervo tibiale posteriore sono diminuite in maniera statisticamente significativa in “acuto”. I nostri dati suggeriscono che il sistema di raffreddamento applicato ai casi di SM termosensibili quò determinare il miglioramento di alcuni sintomi, soprattutto spasticità, per una durata media di due ore.
    Notes: Abstract A cooling system (Mark VII Microclimate System) was used to give six thermosensitive multiple sclerosis patients two 45-minute daily coolings for a period of one month. Before the first cooling, a baseline clinical and electrophysiological examination was performed. The same tests were repeated after the first application and after the thirtieth cooling day, thus providing information relating to acute and chronic efficacy. A clinical improvement was observed after both acute and, more unexpectedly, chronic cooling, whereas a significant improvement in central somatosensory conduction was recorded only under acute conditions. Our data suggest that cooling with this device leads to an improvement in some functional performances (mainly fatigue and strength) of about two hours' duration in thermosensitive patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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