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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In toroidal magnetic confinement configurations all the charged particles align their magnetic drifts with the flux surfaces if, and only if, the lines of force have zero geodesic curvature (omnigeneous configuration). In this condition, the neoclassical transport is zero; unfortunately, standard tokamak devices are far from meeting such a condition. Nevertheless, a minimization of the geodesic curvature of the lines of force in tokamaks minimizes the neoclassical transport, and could as well reduce any other transport terms depending on the noncoincidence between magnetic and drift surfaces. In particular, the geodesic curvature of the lines of force generates both the neoclassical Pfirsch–Schlüter current density j(parallel)PS, as well as Hirshman factor q(circumflex) [Nucl. Fusion 18, 917 (1978)], which increases the moment of inertia of the magnetic configuration. The improved confinement observed in the VH-mode (very high confinement) and in reversed magnetic shear discharges of the DIII-D tokamak [Plasma Physics Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159] and the high plasma performances of the Joint European Torus (JET) [Plasma Physics Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1990 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1991), Vol. I, p. 27] can be correlated with the reduction of geodesic curvature. This reduction influences also the absolute value and the profile of the v∧B part of the radial electric field Er, which are invoked by many authors as main ingredients in reducing the anomalous transport in tokamak plasmas. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The role of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma has evolved over the years and currently is one of the curative therapies for small tumours. The survival rates are similar with those for nonmalignant liver disease after transplantation. The treatment of small tumours eligible for both resection and transplantation depends on the experience of the transplant centre and the waiting time for a liver graft. With waiting times for liver transplant becoming gradually longer, prioritization of the tumour patients has been suggested. Adjuvant therapies may delay the tumour progression while patients wait for a transplant. The living donor and the domino liver transplantation are useful alternatives given the shortage of organs but the experience is still limited in the Western world and the selection for the domino livers is fairly restricted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    General and Comparative Endocrinology 95 (1994), S. 342-349 
    ISSN: 0016-6480
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 84 (1989), S. 438-439 
    ISSN: 0022-2364
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 12 (1971), S. 3821-3823 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pruritus is often the most troublesome symptom in patients with chronic liver disease, particularly when cholestasis is a prominent feature.The exact pathogenesis is unknown, but empirical treatment, such as cholestyramine, based on a liver-based origin of pruritus, has been used for many years. Recently, evidence for a central mechanism for pruritus has been obtained and opioid antagonists have been tried clinically with some benefit, but their use is not widespread. In addition, the pruritus associated with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy can now be alleviated in many cases by ursodeoxycholic acid. As it also improves foetal outcome, this should become first-line therapy.We review the pathogenesis and therapy of pruritus, highlighting practical aspects to help with patients with seemingly intractable pruritus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Postmenopausal women ; Bone mass ; Ipriflavone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ipriflavone (IP) (7-isopropoxyisoflavone), a synthetic isoflavone derivative, is active in both inhibiting bone resorption and enhancing osteoblast function. This property suggested its clinical use in the treatment of involutional osteoporosis, and in the prevention of postmenopausal bone mass loss. Forty postmenopausal women with low bone mineral content were enrolled and randomly treated for 12 months with IP 600 mg/day or placebo (PL), according to a double-blind, parallel group design. All patients wee also given an oral calcium supplementation (1 g/day). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the spine (L2−L4) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone metabolism markers (serum calcium, phosphate, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase, and urinary calcium, phosphate, and hydroxyproline) were assessed at the same times. After 12 months, a reduction of BMD was evidenced in the PL-treated group, at both the spine (−2.2%, P〈0.01 vs baseline) and the forearm (−1.2%). In the IP-treated group, an increase of BMD was obtained (+1.2%, P〈0.01 vs placebo, at the spine; +3%, not significant, at the forearm). Bone markers were in the normal range for postmenopausal women; no statistically significant modificantions were observed during the treatment period. Three patients were withdrawn from the treatment in the IP-treated group, and two in the PL-treated group for gastrointestinal disturbances. In the other women, the tolerance of the drug was good and the complicance with the oral treatment was excellent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary CT and pluridirectional tomography are compared in their ability to show the extent of paranasal sinus tumors or benign aggressive processes. Thirty-one cases are reviewed; CT was superior to pluridirectional tomography in showing spreads of tumor to all clinically important areas, including the infratemporal fossa, nasopharynx, orbit, and intracranial compartment. CT not only consistently allowed less equivocal interpretation, but also enabled us to qualify orbital involvement as intra- or extraconal, and to quantitate better both brain and infratemporal fossa involvement. We feel that CT scanning is the better way to determine the extent of such pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 12 (1990), S. 551-556 
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Mitochondrially bound hexokinases are often found in cells exhibiting high rates of glycolysis. These enzymes have kinetic and regulatory properties that differ from cytosolic hexokinases. In this work, we present preliminary findings for a mitochondrially bound hexokinase in a murine hybridoma that is relatively insensitive to glucose-6-phosphate inhibition when compared to the cytosolic hexokinase. Additional regulatory data on the effects of glucose-1,6-diphosphate and adenosine diphosphate on both the mitochondrial and cytosolic forms of this enzyme are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 50 (1967), S. 997-1002 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N, N-dialkyl carbamates decompose in strongly acidic media to carbon dioxide, olefin, alkyl halide and alcohol, the rate of reaction of the secondary esters closely following the acidity function. This fact, together with the variation in rate of hydrolysis of carbamates of cyclic alcohols with the ring size, shows that, unlike the solvolyses of the corresponding chloroformates which lead to carboxonium ions (\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm R - O -}\mathop {\rm C}\limits^{{\rm (+)}} = {\rm O} $\end{document}), these reactions involve the intermediate formation of carbonium ions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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