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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Methods for Observing the Intracellular Environment of Mammalian Cells (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 589 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb24264.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of long-chain and related alcohols to carbonyls by dimethyl sulfoxide "activated" by oxalyl chloride (1978)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 43 (1978), S. 2480-2482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00406a041
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the dimethyl sulfoxide-oxalyl chloride reaction product. Oxidation of heteroaromatic and diverse alcohols to carbonyl compounds (1979)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 44 (1979), S. 4148-4150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01337a028
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technique for Determining Hybridoma Cell Concentration in Hollow Fiber Bioreactors (1990)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 8 (1990), S. 1282-1285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] We have developed a technique for determining cell concentration in a hollow fiber bioreactor based on 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Cell concentrations determined with this method agreed closely with concentrations calculated from 31P NMR nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1290-1282
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Examination of primary metabolic pathways in a murine hybridoma with carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 563-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hybridoma metabolism ; carbon-13 ; NMR ; intracellular ; hollow fiber bioreactor ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Primary metabolism of a murine hybridoma was probed with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Cells cultured in a hollow fiber bioreactor were serially infused with [1-13C] glucose, [2-13C] glucose, and [3-13C] glutamine. In vivo spectroscopy of the culture was used in conjunction with off-line spectroscopy of the medium to determine the intracellular concentration of several metabolic intermediates and to determine fluxes for primary metabolic pathways. Intracellular concentrations of pyruvate and alanine were very high relative to levels observed in normal quiescent mammalian cells. Estimates made from labeling patterns in lactate indicate that 76% of pyruvate is derived directly from glycolysis; some is also derived from the malate shunt, the pyruvate/melate shuttle associated with lipid synthesis and the pentose phosphate pathway. The rate of formation of pyruvate from the pentose phosphate pathway was estimated to be 4% of that from glycolysis; This value is a lower limit and the actual value may be higher. Incorporation of pyruvate into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle appears to occur through only pyruvate dehydrogenase; no pyruvate carboxylase activity was detected. The malate shunt rate was approximately equal to the rate of glutamine uptake. The rate of incorporation of glucosederived acetyl-CoA into lipids was 4% of the glucose uptake rate. The TCA cycle rate between isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate was 110% of the glutamine uptake rate. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260440504
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of extracellular glutamine concentration on primary and secondary metabolism of a murine hybridoma: An in vivo 13C nuclear magnetic resonance study (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 57 (1998), S. 172-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hybridoma ; futile cycling ; hollow fiber bioreactor ; glutamine ; NMR ; C-13 ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of changes in extracellular glutamine level on metabolism of a murine hybridoma was examined with in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Cells were cultured in a hollow-fiber bioreactor at high cell density to allow intracellular metabolite levels to be determined on a metabolically relevant time scale. Steady infusions of [1-13C] glucose were used to label glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, which permitted continuous monitoring with NMR spectroscopy during changes in environmental glutamine level. Samples of the extracellular medium were also analyzed to determine the effect of glutamine on other metabolites associated with primary and secondary metabolism. The changes in glutamine concentration had several effects on primary and secondary metabolism, depending on the rate the changes were made. For a brief reduction in feed glutamine concentration from 4 to 0 mM (which produced a rapid change from 0.67 to ∼0 mM in residual glutamine), large changes were observed in the rate of consumption of metabolites normally associated with energy production. Antibody synthesis was strongly stimulated and nitrogen metabolism was significantly altered. For a more prolonged reduction from 2.4 to 1.2 mM (which produced a slower reduction from 0.30 to 0.08 mM in residual glutamine), much smaller changes were observed even though the concentration of glutamine at the reduced feed level was very low. Energy metabolism did not appear to be limited by glutamine at 0.08 mM, which suggests that significant futile cycling may occur in energy producing pathways when excess glucose and glutamine are available. However, this concentration of extracellular glutamine appeared to affect some anabolic pathways, which require amino groups from glutamine. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 57: 172-186, 1998.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hybridoma metabolism (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 1059-1074 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: NMR ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; metabolism ; antibody productivity ; metabolic modeling ; metabolic fluxes ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to study the metabolism of a murine hybridoma cell line at two feed glutamine concentrations, 4.0 and 1.7 mM. Carbon-13 labeling patterns were used in conjunction with nutrient uptake rates to calculate the metabolic fluxes through the glycolytic pathway, the pentose shunt, the malate shunt, lipid biosynthesis, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Decreasing the feed glutamine concentration significantly decreased glutamine uptake but had little effect on glucose metabolism. A significant incrase in antibody productivity occurred upon decreasing the feed glutamine level. The increased antibody productivity in concert with decreased glutamine uptake and no apparent change in glucolytic metabolism suggests that antibody production was not energy limited. Metabolic flux calculations indicate that (1) approximately 92% of the glucose consumed proceeds directly through glycolysis with 8% channeled through the pentose shunt; (2) lipid biosynthesis appears to be greater than malate shunt activity; and (3) considerable exchange occurs between TCA cycle intermediates and amino acid metabolic pools, leading to substantial loss of 13C label from the TCA cycle. These results illustrate that 13NMR spectroscopy is a powerfulf tool in the calculation of metabolic fluxes, particularly for exchange pathways where no net flux occurs. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260431109
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