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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Follow-up study of silent periods in complete denture wearers (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 14 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electromyographic silent periods in response to chin taps during clench were recorded from the anterior temporalis and masseter muscles. Ten complete denture wearers were observed up to the 1-year stage of denture wear and eight patients up to the 2-year stage. Silent periods were also recorded from patients clenching on paper rolls in place of the dentures.Regarding the patterns of the silent periods, similar observations of double silent periods were made as in our previous study up to the half-year stage of denture wear (McCall, Tallgren & Ash, 1979). The frequency of the double silent periods was 13.8% at the 1-year stage and 7.3% at the 2-year stage.The mean duration of the silent periods did not differ significantly at the 1-year and 2-year stages. The mean silent period duration when clenching on paper rolls without dentures in the mouth was significantly shorter than when clenching with the dentures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1987.tb00728.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nozzleless droplet formation with focused acoustic beams (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 3441-3447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the use of focused acoustic beams to eject discrete droplets of controlled diameter and velocity from a free-liquid surface. No nozzles are involved. Droplet formation has been experimentally demonstrated over the frequency range of 5–300 MHz, with corresponding droplet diameters from 300 to 5 μm. The physics of droplet formation is essentially unchanged over this frequency range. For acoustic focusing elements having similar geometries, droplet diameter has been found to scale inversely with the acoustic frequency. A simple model is used to obtain analytical expressions for the key parameters of droplet formation and their scaling with acoustic frequency. Also reported is a more detailed theory which includes the linear propagation of the focused acoustic wave, the coupling of the acoustic fields to the initial surface velocity potential, and the subsequent dynamics of droplet formation. This latter phase is modeled numerically as an incompressible, irrotational process using a boundary integral vortex method. For simulations at 5 MHz, this numerical model is very successful in predicting the key features of droplet formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342663
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct numerical simulation of a three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer (1990)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 1846-1853 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of transverse strain on an initially two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer are studied in a direct numerical simulation of a planar channel flow with impulsively started transverse pressure gradient. Consistent with experiments in three-dimensional boundary layers, the simulation shows a decrease in the Reynolds shear stress with increasing transverse strain. Also, the directions of the Reynolds shear stress vector and the mean velocity gradient vector were found to differ. In addition, the simulation shows a drop in the turbulent kinetic energy. Terms in the Reynolds stress transport equations were computed. The balances indicate that the decrease in turbulent kinetic energy is a result of a decrease in turbulence production, along with an increase in turbulent dissipation. Intuitive reasoning and current turbulence models would predict an increase in kinetic energy along with increases in production and dissipation rates as a result of increased mean-flow strain rate. Later in the evolution of the flow, both turbulence production and dissipation increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.857658
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid distortion theory for compressible homogeneous turbulence under isotropic mean strain (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 8 (1996), S. 2692-2705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Isotropic compressible turbulence subjected to rapid isotropic compression is studied using inviscid rapid distortion theory (RDT) and direct numerical simulation. An exact solution to the rapid distortion problem is given. Comparisons are made between the simulation results and the RDT solution, as well as previously studied limiting cases of the RDT solution. The comparisons illustrate the range of applicability of the RDT solutions. Implications for the use of RDT results in modeling compressible turbulent flows are briefly discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869055
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compressibility effects on the passive scalar flux within homogeneous turbulence (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 6 (1994), S. 3498-3500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Compressibility effects on turbulent transport of a passive scalar are studied within homogeneous turbulence using a kinematic decomposition of the velocity field into solenoidal and dilatational parts. It is found that the dilatational velocity does not produce a passive scalar flux, and that all of the passive scalar flux is due to the solenoidal velocity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868406
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eddy viscosity transport model for turbulent flow (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 6 (1994), S. 1007-1015 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An eddy viscosity transport model that is integrable to no-slip walls is described. The transport equation accommodates significant departure of the turbulence from equilibrium. The model uses an elliptic relaxation equation to avoid a need for damping functions; nonlocal wall effects are produced by solving the elliptic equation. Length scales are determined locally, without reference to distance to a surface. The model bifurcates from a laminar to a turbulent solution at a reasonable critical Reynolds number in plane channel flow. An assessment of the model is provided via boundary layer computations: these show that it behaves well in zero and adverse pressure gradients, although premature separation occurs in a strong adverse pressure gradient. Good results are obtained for the trailing edge separation bubble of an aerofoil at large angle of attack.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868334
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decay of isotropic turbulence at low Reynolds number (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 6 (1994), S. 808-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Decay of isotropic turbulence is computed using direct numerical simulations. Comparisons with experimental spectra at moderate and low Reynolds numbers (Rλ〈70) show good agreement. At moderate to high Reynolds numbers (Rλ(approximately-greater-than)50), the spectra are found to collapse with Kolmogorov scaling at high wave numbers. However, at low Reynolds numbers (Rλ〈50) the shape of the spectra at the Kolmogorov length scales is Reynolds number dependent. Direct simulation data from flowfields of decaying isotropic turbulence are used to compute the terms in the equation for the dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy. The development of the skewness and the net destruction of the turbulence dissipation rate in the limit of low Reynolds numbers are presented. The nonlinear terms are found to remain active at surprisingly low Reynolds numbers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868319
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