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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 40 (1992), S. 817-819 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 125 (1987), S. 883-917 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei ; Volcanic earthquakes ; Attenuation ; Source parameters ; Moment tensor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Microearthquake digital data collected at Campi Flegrei during the recent (1982–1985) ground uplift episode have been analyzed in order to infer source and medium seismic properties. The main results obtained from these analyses are: 1. Hypocenter distribution and the size of the seismic zone do not change with time and do not depend on the ground uplift rate. Events occurred clustered in time with no simple causal relations between the cluster occurrences and their energy. 2. Anelastic attenuation does not depend strongly on frequency, showing a constant pattern at high frequencies. The observed values of low and high frequency attenuation, due to the short source receiver distances, do not seriously affect the spectral content of signals radiated by the sources. 3. A constant Brune stress drop pattern (∼4–5 bars) as a function of seismic moment is observed. This indicates that the manner of fracturing is almost independent on magnitude of earthquakes (hypothesis of self-similarity (Aki, 1967)). Seismic processes in a prefractured medium can explain the observed small stress drop values. 4. Focal mechanisms from moment tensor estimates show that radiation patterns are mostly well interpreted in terms of double couple source models. 5. The scaling of peak ground motion parameters (A max andV max vs seismic moment) can be explained by an ω2 source model (constant stress drop) multiplied by an exponential function with a small decay parameter, which takes into account the measured attenuation. These results support the hypothesis of earthquakes generated by simple shear fractures along prefractured structures as a response to changes in the stress field due to the ground deformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 25 (1995), S. 114-118 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Plants ; Heavy metals ; Biogeochemical prospecting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu, in plants growing in mineralized and sterile areas of Tuscany has been studied to verify if and to what extent metalaccumulating species represent evidence of geochemical anomalies in soils. Samples of leaves and twigs from trees were collected, and analyzed by means of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). Hollies, brambles, and Holm oaks in particular were considered in the mineralized area of Bottino, and the special aptitude of hollies in concentrating Cd with respect to the other metals has been verified. Cadmium has been previously recognized as a pathfinder for zinc ore bodies; the results of this investigation appear to point out the relevance of holly as a bioindicator of geochemical zinc anomalies. Lower metal concentration characterizes the same species from other mineralized and sterile zones, with the exception of the urbanized area of Florence, where relatively higher Zn concentrations in hollies appear to be due to atmospheric pollution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 62 (1986), S. 312-320 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Isolated frog labyrinth ; Excitatory-inhibitory rotational stimuli ; First order canal neuron dynamics ; Non-linearities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary EPSPs and spikes were recorded at rest and during rotation from single fibres of the posterior nerve in the isolated frog labyrinth. The spike discharge properties of 57 units were examined at rest and during repetitive acceleratory-velocity steps. Forty of these units were subjected to excitatory steps of 5–12 s duration and 45% displayed an evident discharge adaptation. In the non-adapting units, the excitatory response also deviated from that expected on the basis of the torsion-pendulum model and exhibited an exponential time-course in only 36% of the fibres examined. The time constant T2 of the response rising phase was significantly longer than that of the decay (2.5 s versus 1.7 s). When all the 57 units were considered, a linear behaviour was found in 67%. The average gain in these linear units was 1.9 ± 1.4 spikes · s−1/deg · s−2. Adaptive fibres exhibited a lower resting firing rate and a higher gain (3.8 spikes/s and 2.3 spikes · s−1/deg · s−2, respectively) when compared with the non-adapting ones (7.1 spikes/s and 1.5 spikes · s−1/deg · s−2). An undershoot was present in 57% of the units; it increased with acceleration and was not strictly related to adaptation. Fifteen of the 40 units tested with the 5–12 s duration excitatory steps survived repeated inhibitory accelerations of the same duration. In these units a marked response asymmetry was evident since their resting activity could be abolished by accelerations not larger than 10 deg/s2. In 40% of the units inhibited by acceleration the mean response was proportional to the stimulus logarithm, while the others saturated for weak stimulations. A consistent overshoot of the discharge was evident in most of the units (60%). Analysis of the EPSP emission rates demonstrates that even a 10–20% increase in their frequency during excitation results in a two-three fold increase in the corresponding spike frequency. Similarly, a decrease of 15–35% in their numbers during inhibition is sufficient to completely block the spike firing. These findings reveal the high sensitivity of the afferent synapse, spike discharge being modulated by slight modifications in the release of the excitatory transmitter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology 3 (1993), S. 33-39 
    ISSN: 1432-1068
    Keywords: Chronic haematogenous osteomyelitis ; Ostéomyélite hématogène chronique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé De 1968 à 1987, les auteurs ont traité chirurgicalement 450 ostéomyélites hématogènes chroniques. Parmi celles-ci, 64 intéressaient des os habituellement peu atteints: 25 os longs (13 radius, 8 cubitus et 4 métatarsiens), 13 os courts (12 calcanéum et 1 astragale) et 26 os plats (13 os iliaques, 6 côtes, 2 clavicules, 2 omoplates et 3 rotules), pour un total de 62 patients. Les lésions des os longs furent traitées par un traitement éradicateur classique (trépanation osseuse, séquestrectomie et saucérisation), associé à une antibiothérapie post-opératoire d'une durée de 10 à 60 jours. Il y eut 21 assèchements définitifs après la première intervention et 4 échecs ou récidives. Deux échecs furent repris par un acte chirurgical classique et deux par incision d'abcès. Au dernier examen, toutes les lésions étaient assèchées. Les lésions des os courts et des os plats furent traitées 23 fois par traitement éradicateur classique et 16 fois par résection osseuse, associés à une antibiothérapie post-opératoire d'une durée de 10 à 60 jours. Il y eut 4 échecs ou récidives et 19 assèchements définitifs après la première intervention dans le groupe traité de façon conservatrice et un échec ou récidive et 15 assèchements définitifs dans le groupe traité par résection. Deux échecs (un traitement conservateur et une résection) furent repris chirurgicalement et deux par incision d'abcès. Toutes les lésions étaient assèchées au dernier examen. Les auteurs concluent sur le meilleur pronostic du traitement chirurgical des O.H.C. des os courts et des os plats et attribuent la qualité de ces résultats à l'efficacité thérapeutique de la résection.
    Notes: Summary Between 1968 and 1987, the authors treated 450 cases of chronic haematogenous osteomyelitis by surgery. Among these cases, 64 involved some usually rarely involved bones: 25 long bones (13 radius, 8 ulna and 4 metatarsal bones), 13 short bones (12 calcaneum and 1 talus) and 26 membranous bones (13 iliac bones, 6 ribs, 2 clavicula, 2 scapula and 3 patella) for a total of 62 patients. Lesions of long bones were treated by combination of decompression, sequestrectomy and saucerization an chemotherapy was used in association for between 10 and 60 days. After the first operation, 21 lesions healed completely and 4 relapsed. Two relapses were treated by further surgery and 2 by drainage of the abcess. When last seen, the 25 lesions were healed. Lesions of short and membranous bones were treated in 23 cases by the same surgical procedure and in 16 cases by bone resection. Chemotherapy was used in all cases in association for between 10 and 60 days. After the first operation, there were 19 definitive healings and 4 relapses in the group treated by classic surgery, and 15 definitive healings and one relapse in the group treated by bone resection. Two relapses were treated by further surgery and two by drainage of the abcess. When last seen, the 39 lesions were healed. The authors point out the better results as far as short and membranous bones are concerned, and suggest that this better prognosis is due to the efficacy of bone resection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 47 (1984), S. 483-489 
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Volatile compunds play a very important role in both the evolution of magmas and the eruptive processes. Despite great interest in the knowledge of volatile distribution in magma chambers prior to eruptions, direct evidence of this kind is very difficult to obtain because a major quantity of gaseous species is released to the atmosphere during volcanic phenomena. Good estimates of volatile contents in magmas have been obtained by their distribution in coexisting mineral phases and microprobe analysis of glass inclusions; however, a sufficient set of data is not yet available to provide direct evidence of volatile concentrations in magma chambers before eruptive processes. Owing to their volatility, water, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, sulphur and chlorine compounds are largely concentrated in the explosive cloud. On the other hand, molecular species of fluorine, which are more soluble than water in magmatic melts, strongly partition into this latter phase rather than into the fluid. As a consequence, fluorine compounds are normally present in small concentrations in fumarolic gases and are not expected to degas appreciably from quenched volcanic products. With reference to the influence of weathering processes, recent research has shown that unaltered volcanic glasses have lost but a minor quantity of fluorine as a result of secondary reactions. Because of this, analytical data for fluorine in fresh igneous rocks would not differ significantly from the actual values pertaining to the magmatic stage. The distribution of fluorine in samples from Italy (Vesuvius, Vulcano, Lipari, Roccamonfina, Phlegraean Fields) and Greece (Santorini) appears to be correlated with the concentration of potassium, which is in accordance with theoretical assumptions and analytical results in other areas. According to experimental data, the presence of fluorine in magmas of silicate composition considerably enhances the solubility of water. Higher concentrations of water would mean a higher potential explosivity, and the possibility that the observed concentrations of fluorine can serve as a measure of different degrees of stored energy is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 6 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Les auteurs ont étudié l'incidence de températures croissantes de 20 à 200°C sur la structure superficielle et profonde du cheveu dans le but de définir une température optimale de séchage permettant de respecter l'intégrité de la fibre de kératine tout en favorisant la permanence de sa déformation.Pour ce faire, diverses techniques ont été mises en oeuvre: microscopie à balayage, dosage de l'eau par la méthode de Karl Fischer, calorimétrie différentielle et diffraction des rayons X.Il apparait une température critique de 140°C en deçà de laquelle les modifications observées sont faibles, réversibles et liées à la perte progressive de l'eau libre. Au delà de 140°C, les modifications structurales sont profondes et irréversibles. Elles se traduisent par un changement d'aspect dû au plissement de la cuticule, les écailles de la cuticule disparaissant peu à peu.Après élimination de l'eau liée, la dégradation totale de la structure interne est obtenue aux environ de 200°C.On peut toutefois sélectionner une température optimale de séchage de 60°C pour laquelle la fixation ultérieure de l'eau par le cheveu sec sera plus lente le rendant moins sensible aux variations hygrométriques. Effects of heat treatment on hair structure
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 1 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Des tests ont été conduits, en complément d'études antérieures (1, 2), sur dés produits commerciaux en provenance de différents fournisseurs. La série examinée comporte sept esters isopropyliques et cinq esters butyliques d'acides gras, assez couramment utilisés en cosmétologie. Les essais de tolérances oculaire et cutanée ont été effectués sur le lapin selon les méthodes officielles francaises, mais avec quelques compléments ou modifications. Les résultats montrent que pratiquement tous les produits, testés à l'état pur, ont provoqué des réactions d'intolérance plus ou moins marquées. Seul un stéarate d'isopropyle (sur deux) semble relativement bien tolére malgré un indice d'irritation cutanée primaire supérieur à 1. Deux esters ont été particulièrement agressifs, puisqu'il a fallu interrompre le traitement après cinq semaines d'applications, ce sont: l'isostéarate d'isopropyle et l'un des deux linoléates d'isopropyle. D'autre part, l'étude de ces matières premières en suspension aqueuse à 10% a permis de mettre en évidence une diminution notable des réactions observées à l'état pur, dans la plupart des cas. Eye and skin irritation tests on the rabbit of several fatty acid esters 〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉SummaryContinuing preceding work (1,2), a series of tests has been carried out on the toxicological evaluation of samples of different fatty esters obtained from several manufacturers.Eye irritation tests and skin irritation and sensitisation tests were carried on the rabbit following the official French methods with minor modifications. When tested pure, nearly all the isopropyl and butyl esters used gave some adverse reactions. Only one sample (out of two tested) of isopropyl stearate appeared to be well tolerated although the primary irritation index on skin was greater than one. The two esters with the greatest adverse skin reactions were isopropyl isostearate and one of two isopropyl linoleates.Ten per cent aqueous dispersion showed considerable diminution of the adverse reactions in the majority of the cases.Considering the results obtained in this paper together with those published previously (1) being twenty-seven samples covering fifteen different fatty esters, the worse reactions were obtained with the C8, C12, C14 saturated together with the oleate and linoleate esters. Isopropyl palmitate, stearyl heptonate and arachidyl propionate were the best tolerated as pure materials.Other adverse reactions were obtained with the isopropyl, butyl and octyl stearates and isostearates (except for one of two isopropyl stearates) and from these results appears that the alcohol moiety plays little part in irritation when compared with the fatty acid chain.Examination of peroxy values indicates that these have a significant adverse effect for oleates and linoleates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Des tests ont été conduits pour l'évaluation toxicologique de différentes matières premières (fraîches et stockées) couramment utilisées en cosmétique et provenant de fabrications diverses. Les essais de tolérances oculaire et cutanée ont été effectués sur le lapin selon les méthodes officielles françaises mais avec quelques compléments. Les résultats montrent que, sur les 35 échantillons étudiés à l'état pur, un certain nombre de produits sont bien tolérés malgré les provenances diverses. Ce sont les huiles d'amande, de ricin, d'hybride de carthame ainsi que les huiles de silicone. Pour les autres, les résultats sont variables suivant les origines. Huit échantillons ont été mal tolérés, à savoir: deux huiles d'avocat sur les quatres testées, l'insaponifiable d'huile d'avocat, une huile de paraffine épaisse sur cinq, une huile de paraffine fluide sur trois, un solvant hydrocarboné volatil (après stockage pendant 18 mois) et l'ester éthylique d'huile de tortue (récent et stocké). D'autre part, une étude de ces matières premières en suspension aqueuse à 10% a permis de mettre en évidence une diminution notable des réactions observées à l'Etat Pur, dans la plupart des cas.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Summary A study of skin and eye irritation in the rabbit due to different sources of some cosmetic raw materials (Part II) Different lots of a number of oils used in cosmetics were subjected to different storage times, analysed and their effects on rabbit eye and skin were assessed following the official French methods. The scoring system diverged slightly from the official method and was described in Part I (1). All products were tested pure in the eye test without rinsing and no corneal involvement was found. Slight congestion of the iris and conjuctivae was noted. The products showing the worst (slightly irritant) score were one sample each of avocado oil and ethyl esters of turtle oil. The highest score on the primary cutaneous irritancy test (slightly irritant) was that for the volatile hydrocarbon solvents which also gave an oedematous reaction. On dilution or on open test the reactions were negligible. The repeated application test was continued only for 8 weeks (instead of 90 days) and a histological examination was carried out on treated areas at the end of this period. The oils were applied pure and in aqueous emulsion – 10% or 2% where a severe reaction was observed. Of five samples of sweet-almond oil one showed a high degree of oxidation (peroxide value 35 meq kg−1). This sample did not give any significant adverse reaction whereas some irritation and vesicularisation was obtained with a sample of low peroxide value stored under nitrogen. Two of the four samples of avocado oils tested showed severe irritation and vesicle formation after 6 weeks application of the pure oil although no analytical differences were found to correlate with this result. A commercial sample of the unsaponifiable fraction of avocado oil (prepared by molecular distillation) showed severe reactions in the three rabbits treated with the pure oil, the study being terminated after 5 weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 6 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Une étude précédente ayant montré qu'aucune modification de structure tant au niveau superficiel que profond n'était observée dans la fibre de kératine constituant le cheveu pour des températures inférieures à 100°C, les auteurs examinent l'influence du séchage sur les propriétés mécaniques. Différents types d'appareillage à air pulsé sont utilisés et l'on tient compte non seulement de la température mais également de la vitesse de sortie d'air. A partir d'une méthode originale selon laquelle chaque cheveu est son propre témoin, les courbes constrainte-déformation sont enregistrées à l'aide d'un dynamomètre électronique. On étudie ainsi plusieurs types de cheveux: normaux, gris, abimés, décolorés, définis selon leurs caractères organoleptiques et leur courbe de traction.On constate que les propriétés mécaniques sont modifiées précocement puisqu'on observe une augmentation de la rigidité dès 40°C pour un temps de séchage de 2 à 3 minutes, mais elles sont exclusivement liées au comportement de l'eau à l'intérieur de la fibre de kératine. En règle générale l'augmentation de température augmente la résistance à la traction donc la rigidité du cheveu.On définit cependant deux types de comportement: celui des cheveux à cuticule intacte peu sensibles à la réabsorption d'eau et où la température de séchage optimale avoisine 80°C, et celui des cheveux à cuticule altérée tràs sensibles à la réabsorption d'eau, d'autant plus importante que la tempeérature de séchage a été peu élevée. Dans ce cas la température optimale de séchage est comprise entre 50°C et 60°C, la température optimale représentant la valeur pour laquelle on n'observe aucune détérioration de la kératine et le meilleur maintien de la déformation. Effects of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of hair
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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