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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Autoimmunity, immunotherapy, suppressor cells, insulitis, vitamin D analogues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active form of vitamin D, has immunomodulatory properties in vitro and in vivo. We report that treatment with 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (5 µg/kg on alternate days) prevents the development of clinical diabetes in NOD mice, an animal model of human autoimmune diabetes. Diabetes incidence in female NOD mice at the age of 200 days was reduced to 8 % in the 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D treated group vs 56 % in the control group (p 〈0.0001). In parallel, treatment with 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 resulted in a complete normalisation of the capacity to induce suppressor mechanisms in an autologous MLR, which is severely depressed in control NOD mice. The existence of such suppressor cells was confirmed in transfer experiments, whereby cotransfer of splenocytes from 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 treated NOD mice prevented diabetes transfer by splenocytes from diabetic NOD mice into irradiated, 6–8-week-old male NOD mice. Other known immune defects of the NOD mice, such as defective natural killer cell killing of YAC-1 targets and defective thymocyte activation by anti-CD3 were not corrected. The pharmacological doses of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 were universally well tolerated as reflected by a normal weight gain of the mice. Serum calcium was increased (2.5±0.2 vs 2.2±0.2 mmol/l in the control group, p 〈0.005), whereas osteocalcin levels nearly doubled and bone calcium content was halved. These findings show that 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 can prevent diabetes in NOD mice, probably through the correction of their defective suppressor function. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 552–558]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Autoimmunity ; immunotherapy ; suppressor cells ; insulitis ; vitamin D analogues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active form of vitamin D, has immunomodulatory properties in vitro and in vivo. We report that treatment with 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (5 μg/kg on alternate days) prevents the development of clinical diabetes in NOD mice, an animal model of human autoimmune diabetes. Diabetes incidence in female NOD mice at the age of 200 days was reduced to 8% in the 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D treated group vs 56% in the control group (p〈0.0001). In parallel, treatment with 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 resulted in a complete normalisation of the capacity to induce suppressor mechanisms in an autologous MLR, which is severely depressed in control NOD mice. The existence of such suppressor cells was confirmed in transfer experiments, whereby cotransfer of splenocytes from 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 treated NOD mice prevented diabetes transfer by splenocytes from diabetic NOD mice into irradiated, 6–8-week-old male NOD mice. Other known immune defects of the NOD mice, such as defective natural killer cell killing of YAC-1 targets and defective thymocyte activation by anti-CD3 were not corrected. The pharmacological doses of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 were universally well tolerated as reflected by a normal weight gain of the mice. Serum calcium was increased (2.5±0.2 vs 2.2±0.2 mmol/l in the control group, P〈0.005), whereas osteocalcin levels nearly doubled and bone calcium content was halved. These findings show that 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 can prevent diabetes in NOD mice, probably through the correction of their defective suppressor function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Type I diabetes, apoptosis, NOD mice, thymus, OK432.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. The streptococcal wall component, OK432, prevents diabetes in NOD mice and BB rats by elimination of effector cells. Based on the knowledge of a link between autoimmunity and resistance of immune cells to elimination by apoptosis, we investigated whether OK432 treatment restored the sensitivity of NOD lymphocytes to apoptotic signals centrally (thymus) or peripherally (spleen) or both and we examined the pathways for the enhanced apoptosis rate.¶Methods. We treated NOD mice with OK432 (0.1 mg/kg i. p. weekly from 21 to 70 days). Apoptosis was measured by TUNEL 16 h after cyclophosphamide (70 mg/kg) and 24 h after dexamethasone (0.2 mg/mouse). Real time quantitative RT-PCR was used to investigate changes in gene expression.¶Results. Thymocyte apoptosis levels after cyclophosphamide were restored by OK432 treatment to levels observed in C57BL/6 mice: in NOD males apoptosis increased from 8 ± 1 % to 18 ± 5 % (p 〈 0.05) compared with 20 ± 4 % in C57BL/6 males, and in NOD females from 6 ± 2 % to 11 ± 2 % (p 〈 0.05) compared with 12 ± 2 % in C57BL/6 females. The dexamethasone-induced thymocyte apoptosis rate was equally restored by OK432 treatment (58 ± 4 % vs 41 ± 3 % in control males (p 〈 0.0005) and 39 ± 5 % vs 26 ± 3 % in control females (p 〈 0.05)]. No change in apoptosis levels was on the contrary observed in splenocytes after OK432 treatment. By RT-PCR analysis of a panel of apoptosis-related genes in thymocytes we showed a down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL and c-myc by OK432 treatment.¶Conclusions/interpretation. Our data suggest that OK432 prevents diabetes in NOD mice by better elimination of effector cells through increased sensitivity to apoptotic signals centrally in the thymus. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 1302–1308]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 562-563 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Culturing amphibian embryonic cells on different supports suggests the important role played by the contact between support and cellular membrane in spreading and morphological differentiation of these cells. They spread on glass but do not spread when glass is covered by acrylamide gels (3%, 7% and 9%), by acrylamide-carboxymethylcellulose, or acrylamide-hydroxyethylcellulose gels, or by agarose gel (1,5%). Nevertheless, cells spread and differentiate on mixed acrylamide (7% or 9%) agarose (0.80%) gels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 12 (1990), S. 673-684 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Kinetic and transport theory ; Classical, semiclassical, quantum theories of liquid structure ; Neutron determination of structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto La dispersione di fluttuazioni di densità (modi di suono estesi) è stata misurata in miscugli di metalli alcalini liquidi con corrispondenti sali fusi di alogenuri alcalini. Miscele con concentrazioni saline da 10 a 40% sono state studiate per impulsi trasferitiQ da 4 a 14 nm−`. Per valori diQ piú grandi di 11 nm−1 i modi collettivi potrebbero anche nel caso piú favorevole non essere piú separati dal picco quasi elastico, l'ampiezza del quale aumenta di circaQ 2 in questa regione di impulsi trasferiti. Ad una concentrazione al 10% di RbCl in Rb si trova una dispersione che corrisponderebbe ad R liquido espanso alla temperature della miscela (∼1000 K), che dimostra il carattere dominante di metallo della miscela (schermatura mediante elettroni quasi liberi) e questa concentrazione salina. Ad alte concentrazioni saline, alle quali interagiscono influenze da differenti fattori dinamici parziali di struttura le dispersioni si discostano da questa semplice curva di dispersione strutturata, molto probabilmente a causa dell'influenza di una iniziale comparsa di qualche tipo di schermatura ionica nel liquido.
    Abstract: Резюме В смесях жидких щелочных металлов и соответствующих расплавленных щелочно-галоидных солей измерена дисперсия коллективных флуктуации плотности (протяженные звуковые моды). Были исследованы смеси с концентрациями солей от 10 до 40% при передаваемых импульсахQ между 4 и 14 нм−1. Для величинQ, большечем 11 нм−1, коллективные моды даже в наиболее благоприятном случае не выделяются из квазиупругого пика, ширина которого увеличивается приблизительно как ∼Q 2 в этой области передаваемых импульсов. При концентрациях 10% RbCl в Rb мы получчили дисперсию, которая соответствует жидкому Rb при температуре смеси (∼1000 K), что, демонстрирует доминирующих металлический характер смеси (экранирование обусловлено почти свободными электронами) при этой концентрации соли. При более высоких концентрациях соли, где существенно влияет взаимодействие различных парциальных динамических структурных факторов, дисперсии отличаются от простой структурной дисперсионной кривой, по-видимому, вследствие раннего возникновения ионного типа экранирования в жидкости.
    Notes: Summary The dispersion of collective density fluctuations (extended sound modes) has been measured in mixtures of liquid alkali metals and the corresponding molten alkali-halide salts. Mixtures with salt concentrations from 10 to 40% were investigated for momentum transfersQ between 4 and 14 nm−1. ForQ-values larger than 11 nm−1 the collective modes could even in the most favourable case no longer be separated from the quasi-elastic peak, the width of which increases roughly ∼Q 2 in this region of momentum transfers. At a concentration of 10% RbCl in Rb we find a dispersion which would correspond to expanded liquid Rb at the temperature of the mixture (∼1000 K), demonstrating the dominant metallic character of the mixture (screening by nearly free electrons) at this salt concentration. At higher concentrations of salt, where influences from different partial dynamic structure factors interplay, the dispersions deviate from this simple structured dispersion curve, most likely due to the influence of an early onset of some ionic type of screening in the liquid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 127 (1982), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Carbohydrate Research 151 (1986), S. 147-156 
    ISSN: 0008-6215
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 88 (1984), S. 3826-3833 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 1145-1149 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The exchange stiffness constant A of evaporated (Gd,Tb)-(Fe,Co) amorphous alloys with constant Curie temperature of 465±25 K was determined with two different methods for a large composition and temperature range. One is the excitation of standing spin waves using Brillouin light scattering. The other method is the deviation of A from measurements of the wall energy density σw and the uniaxial anisotropy Ku using the Bloch wall energy equation. σw could be determined from the applied magnetic field difference for collapsing and expanding of thermomagnetically written domains. The compositional and experimental limits of this method are described. The uniaxial anisotropy Ku was measured with a torque magnetometer. In GdTb-FeCo the resulting exchange stiffness constant of A=(2.6±0.6)×10−12 J/m was found to be independent of the Tb content. The results obtained from Brillouin light-scattering measurements on Gd21.2 Co78.8 and Gd13.5Tb6.2Fe80.3 are in good agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 6648-6651 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on the exchange bias effect as a function of the in-plane direction of the applied field in twofold symmetric, epitaxial Ni80Fe20/Fe50Mn50 bilayers grown on Cu(110) single-crystal substrates. An enhancement of the exchange bias field, Heb, up to a factor of 2 is observed if the external field is nearly, but not fully aligned perpendicular to the symmetry direction of the exchange bias field. From the measurement of the exchange bias field as a function of the in-plane angle of the applied field, the unidirectional, uniaxial and fourfold anisotropy contributions are determined with high precision. The symmetry direction of the unidirectional anisotropy switches with increasing NiFe thickness from [11¯0] to [001]. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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