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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 433 (1997), S. 675-678 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Long-term physical training ; Acclimation to heat ; Body temperature ; Frequency of sweat expulsion ; Local sweat rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Local sweat rates (M sw) at the chest and thigh and the frequency of sweat expulsions (F sw) were determined in human subjects with (athletes) or without (non-athletes) long-term physical training during moderate bicycle exercise (80 W for 30 min) at ambient thermoneutrality (23°C) and 60% relative humidity. There was a tendency for M sw to be lower in athletes. The rise of M sw with increasing F sw was significantly less steep and F sw was also controlled at a significantly lower rate in athletes than in non-athletes. The start of exercise was followed by a temporary decrease in mean skin temperature (T-s) which was less distinct in athletes. The rise in T-s at the end of exercise was significant in athletes (0.80 ± 0.26°C) but not in non-athletes (0.26 ± 0.33°C). The results indicate that long-term physical training leads to improved circulatory heat transfer to the skin and to a more graded nervous control of sweat expulsion and, further, tends to reduce the rate of sweating.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Cell cycle ; Cytokinesis ; Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) ; Temperature-sensitive mutant ; Thermotolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Cells of a temperature-sensitive mutant line (tsFT101) derived from a mouse mammary carcinoma cell line (FM3A) become multinucleated at a non-permissive temperature of 39°C because of disturbed cytokinesis. To explore how this relates to thermotolerance, we examined the proliferative activity of, and heat shock protein (HSP) expression in, FM3A and tsFT101 cells cultured at 37°C and 39°C after heat shock pretreatment (15 min exposure at 45°C). FM3A cells developed thermotolerance when cultured at both 37°C and 39°C, but whereas tsFT101 cells developed thermotolerance at 37°C, this was markedly reduced at 39°C. Western blot analysis showed similar degrees of expression of constitutive HSP70 (HSP73) in FM3A and tsFT101 cells after heat shock pretreatment at both 37°C and 39°C. However, expression of inducible HSP70 (HSP72) was reduced in tsFT101 cells at 39°C compared to 37°C and to FM3A cells at both 37°C and 39°C. Heat shock pretreatment activated DNA binding of heat shock transcription factor (HSF) in FM3A cells at 37°C and 39°C, but only at 37°C in tsFT101 cells. These results indicate that (1) multinucleation caused by disturbed cytokinesis increases temperature sensitivity, (2) HSP70 is critical for the development of thermotolerance in both FM3A and tsFT101 cells, and (3) decreased expression of inducible HSP70 parallels deficient development of thermotolerance in tsFT101 cells cultured at a non-permissive temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Anti TGF-β receptor antibody ; Heat shock protein 70 ; Human skin fibroblast cell ; Transforming growth factor-β ; Ultraviolet B
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Ultraviolet B (UVB) alters the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in cultured fibroblast cells derived from human skin. However, the nature of the signal transduction pathway remains to be determined. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has a large variety of biological functions, including cell growth control, modulation of inflammation and immunoregulation. In this study, we examined whether TGF-β is associated with the process of HSP70 expression induced by UVB irradiation. The constitutive expression of TGF-β1 mRNA and HSP70 expression in human skin fibroblast cells were detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. The results indicate that: (1) UVB irradiation stimulates HSP70 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, (2) constitutive expression of TGF-β1 mRNA is detected after UVB irradiation, the level of which peaks at 4 h after 10 mJ cm–2 of UVB irradiation, (3) HSP70 expression is induced by TGF-β1 without UVB irradiation, and (4) HSP70 expression induction with UVB irradiation is inhibited by preincubation of the cells with the anti-TGF-β type II receptor antibody. Our results suggest that HSP70 expression induced by UVB involves the autocrine signalling of TGF-β production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Cell division ; Cytokinesis ; G-actin ; F-actin ; Multinuclear cells ; Profilin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The temperature-sensitive mutant cells (tsFT101) derived from a mouse mammary carcinoma cell line, FM3A, become multinucleated at a non-permissive temperature of 39°C. To further understand the molecular mechanism of such cytokinetic disturbance, we examined the expression of profilin, the main regulator of the transition of globular actin (G-actin) to filamentous actin (F-actin). RT-PCR analysis of mouse profilin cDNA from tsFT101 showed a point mutation (177 A → G) which was a wobble mutation causing no change in the encoded amino acid. The expression level of profilin mRNA was, however, diminished in cultured tsFT101 cells under non-permissive temperatures compared with wild-type FM3A cells in association with multinucleation. A stable transfection of profilin cDNA expression vector to tsFT101 cells prevented multinuclear cell formation when cultured at 39°C. In contrast, antisense profilin cDNA expression vector did not alter multinuclear cell formation. The primary cause of the cytokinetic disturbance of tsFT101 cells may be due to the diminished level of profilin gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Thermal sweating ; Sweat absorption ; Silk-cotton-nylon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The local influence of three clothing materials i.e. silk, cotton and nylon, in (1) full or (2) partial skin contact or (3) at 3 mm from the skin, on sweat evaporation from the chest skin surface of human subjects was studied. The hygrometer-ventilated capsule method was used and sweating was induced at ambient thermoneutrality by a central heat load following lower-leg immersion in water at 43°C. The presence of clothing delayed the rise in capsule relative humidity (CRH) induced by heat loading. During the first 6 min of heating, CRH rose more steeply with clothing that was in full skin contact than with clothing that had partial or no contact. The rate of decrease in CRH from 1 min to 6 min after heating was not influenced by the presence of clothing or by the different degrees of skin contact. The subsequent return of CRH to the pre-heating level was delayed most by cotton, less by silk and least by nylon. For silk and nylon, partial contact with the skin prolonged the return to control conditions, as compared with full skin contact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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