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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Diabetic nephropathy ; risk factors ; ACE polymorphism ; glycaemic control ; hypertension.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diabetic nephropathy represents a major complication in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Intervention trials using angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have pointed towards the important pathogenetic role of the renin-angiotensin system. Recently an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism for the gene encoding the ACE has been described, the deletion type being associated with higher plasma ACE levels. As the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system might also be activated in this setting, we determined the ACE genotype together with other risk factors for the development of diabetic nephropathy in 122 patients with IDDM from a single centre with (n = 63) and without (n = 59) nephropathy. Long-term glycaemic control was evaluated using mean HbA1c values from the last 10 years. The two patient group were comparable with regard to duration of diabetes and glycaemic control as assessed by current HbA1c values. However, mean long-term HbA1c values were significantly higher in patients with diabetic nephropathy as was systemic blood pressure. The DD genotype was more prevalent in patients with renal disease. In the subgroup of patients who had had diabetes for more than 20 years (n = 90), the DD genotype was even more frequent in patients with nephropathy, and blood pressure and long-term HbA1c values were also higher in patients with renal disease. Logistic regression analysis revealed long-term glycaemic control, blood pressure and the ACE genotype to be independent risk factors for the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 327–331]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 126 (1967), S. 43-48 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The luminal cell membranes of both the trophoblasts and the uterine epithelium possessed microvilli during the pre-attachment stage, while these membranes lacked microvilli and had a tortous course during the attachment stage. The trophoblasts were separated from the uterine epithelium by a space of some tenths of a micron during the pre-attachment stage, while the luminal membranes of the cells were in a close contact during the attachment stage. It was suggested that the mechanism of blastocyst attachment involved, i.a., an increased resorptive activity and an increased adhesiveness of the uterine epithelium, and that the structural differentiation of the trophoblasts was initiated by some factor in the uterine secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Myo-, neuro-, gastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE) syndrome ; Cytochrome-c-oxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 42-year-old woman had a 10-year history of external ophthalmoplegia, malabsorption resulting in chronic malnutrition, muscle atrophy and polyneuropathy. Computer tomography revealed hypodensity of her cerebral white matter. A metabolic disturbance consisted of lactic acidosis after moderate glucose loads with increased excretion of hydroxybutyric and fumaric acids. Post-mortem studies revealed gastrointestinal scleroderma as the morphological manifestation of her malabsorption syndrome, ocular and skeletal myopathy with ragged red fibers, peripheral neuropathy, vascular abnormalities of meningeal and peripheral nerve vessels. Biochemical examination of the liver and muscle tissues revealed a partial defect of cytochrome-c-oxidase (complex IV of the respiratory chain). This mitochondrial multisystem disorder may represent a separate entity to be classified between the spectrum of myoencephalopathies and oculo-gastrointestinal muscular dystrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 44 (1966), S. 929-943 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. Two different types of amino acid solutions for parenteral application have been tested in normal volunteers. The first, a commercial one, contained the “essential” amino acids in dl-form, the quantities being calculated according to the formula ofRose for “minimum intake”. Additionally it contained a large amount of glycin. Our second test solution contained all the amino acids of human blood plasma in l-form and in the same quantitative relationship as in plasma. 2. The concentration of the different free amino acids in blood plasma has been measured quantitatively by means of ion exchange chromatography before, immediately after, 1 hour and 3 hours after application. Urinary excretion of amino acids has been measured during the day of infusion and was compared with that of a control period under a constant diet. 3. The test solution was very well tolerated. All free amino acids of plasma showed a rather similar increase without change of the normal quantitative relationship. Imbalancies of amino acids therefore could be avoided. In contrast to our test solution the commercial infusion fluid induced a strongly varying rise of the different amino acids in plasma and altered the physiological amino acid pattern decisively. The total α-amino-nitrogen content was less raised after infusion of our test solution than with the commercial one. 4. Several hours after the infusion the concentration of most amino acids decreased remarkably suggesting a pronounced stimulation of amino acid utilisation. 5. Increase of urinary excretion of amino acids was distinctly reduced with our test solution when compared with the commercial one. The rate of elimination of a single amino acid seemed to be dependent mainly on its tubular threshold. Since different amino acids compete of the same carrier-mechanism when being reabsorbed, absorption can be changed considerably by alteration of the amino acid pattern in plasma. The observation of amino acid excretion alone does give very much information about the value of amino acid infusions. 6. Amino acid solutions for parenteral application should be composed according to observed metabolic alterations and not so much to “minimal intake formulas” obtained under quite different experimental conditions. Discrete alterations of single amino acids should be taken in account.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei gesunden Versuchspersonen wurden zwei verschiedenen Aminosäureinfusionslösungen geprüft. Eine handelsübliche Lösung enthielt nur die essentiellen Aminosäuren in dl-Form in einer am Bedarfsminimum nachRose orientierten Menge und daneben eine größere Menge Glykokoll. In einer von uns zusammengestellten Versuchslösung gleichen Aminosäuregehalts waren alle physiologischen Aminosäuren in l-Form und in der gleichen Relation vorhanden, in der sie im Plasma vorkommen. 2. Die Konzentration der einzelnen freien Plasmaaminosäuren wurde vor, sofort nach sowie 1 Std und 3 Std nach der Infusion mittels Ionenaustauscher-chromatographie quantitativ bestimmt. Die Ausscheidung der verschiedenen Aminosäuren im Harn wurde am Infusionstag und an einem Kontrolltag bei konstanter Diät gemessen. 3. Die Versuchslösung war klinisch ausgezeichnet verträglich. Alle Plasmaaminosäuren zeigten einen ziemlich gleichmäßigen Konzentrationsanstieg unter weitgehender Wahrung ihrer gegenseitigen physiologischen Relationen. Aminosäureimbalancen wurden dadurch vermieden. Nach Infusion der handelsüblichen Lösung war der Anstieg der einzelnen Aminosäuren sehr unterschiedlich. Dadurch wurde das natürliche Aminosäuremuster des Plasmas erheblich verändert. Der Gesamtaminostickstoff stieg nach Infusion der Versuchslösung weniger stark an wie nach Infusion der handelsüblichen Lösung. 4. Mehrere Stunden nach der Infusion sank die Konzentration vieler Aminosäuren unter ihren Ausgangswert. Dies spricht für eine stärkere Stimulierung der Aminosäureutilisation. 5. Die Mehrausscheidung von Aminosäuren im Harn war nach Infusion der Versuchslösung deutlich geringer als nach der handelsüblichen Lösung. Dabei scheint die Eliminationsrate der Einzelaminosäuren vorwiegend von ihrer sehr unterschiedlichen Nierenschwelle abzuhängen. Da die verschiedenen Aminosäuren bei der Rückresorption um spezifische Transportmechanismen konkurrieren, kann sich die Eliminationsrate der Einzelsubstanzen mit Änderung des Aminosäuremusters des Plasmas erheblich ändern. Die alleinige Betrachtung der Aminosäureausscheidung ist für die Beurteilung einer Aminosäureinfusionslösung daher weniger geeignet. 6. Bei der Zusammenstellung neuer Infusionslösungen sollte man sich weniger an theoretischen „Bedarfsminima“ als an beobachteten Stoffwechselveränderungen orientieren und dabei auch feine Unterschiede im Verhalten der einzelnen Substanzen berücksichtigen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Two l-amino acid solutions were compared by means of their effect on the nitrogen balance in patients undergoing gastric surgery. The first solution contained essential and non-essential amino acids in a pattern taking into account the results of previous infusion experiments and long-term balance studies in healthy volunteers. The pattern of the second solution (Aminofusin L 600) was in accordance with the requirements for essential amino acids found by Rose in oral feeding experiments, supplemented by glycine and alanine as a source of non-essential nitrogen. With the solution containing the amino acids in a pattern especially developed for parenteral nutrition, the negative nitrogen balance after gastric surgery could be reduced to one half compared with that of the other solution, which was designed using results from oral feeding experiments.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine nach eigenen Angaben zusammengestellte Aminosäurelösung und eine handelsübliche Lösung (Aminofusin L 600) wurden in Bilanzuntersuchungen an einem einheitlichen Krankengut Frischoperierter miteinander verglichen. Mit der Versuchslösung als einziger Stickstoffquelle konnte im Vergleich zu der handelsüblichen Lösung unter sonst gleichen Bedingungen die postoperative negative Stickstoffbilanz auf die Hälte reduziert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Microsystems recently have been introduced as tools for screening in modern chemistry, biochemistry and biology. It has been shown that new microsystems can be implemented in the biomedical laboratory by using the microsystemic approach for the sample carrier – the miniaturized microtiter plate (“the nanotiter plate”) – or the production of nanodroplets with ink jetters and to integrate those systems in macrodevices like xyz tables and detection devices like CCD-cameras. We show in this paper that decisive problems of the approach – the evaporation problem and the problem of chemical/biochemical/biological compatibility of the assays and the used materials can be solved successfully. It is possible to realize chemical synthesis in miniaturized flow systems and to perform isothermal amplification of RNA in silicon wafers. Furthermore real high throughput screening with in vivo systems can be performed and all relevant parameters as evaporation, pipetting and detection can be controlled on reasonable time scales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
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    Berlin : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie. 14:11 (1966) 1367 
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 171 (1990), S. 51-60 
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Gene 115 (1992), S. 105-111 
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: 6-deoxy hexose ; A-factor ; Streptomyces glaucescens ; Streptomyces griseus ; regulation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Animal Reproduction Science 1 (1978), S. 93-96 
    ISSN: 0378-4320
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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