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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 895-901 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Beam extraction experiments have been carried out on a multicusp volume H− ion source operated in a dc mode. With an extraction aperture of 16-mm diameter, negative ion beams of up to 15 mA cm−2 have been extracted. Some experiments have been performed to investigate the physics of beam extraction from the plasma that indicate a fixed plasma boundary. The beam emittance has been measured as a function of various arc and accelerator parameters. The negative ion temperatures inferred from the emittance measurements cannot at present be explained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1153-1158 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Over the past 20 years, Culham Laboratory has been involved in the development of ion sources. Initially these were positive ion systems using magnetic multipole sources for neutral beam heating in the fusion program. However, the development of high proton yield sources with a magnetic filter at Culham has led to a major program in negative ion sources based on the so-called volume-type source which has a similar design. This work has been the basis of a range of negative ion sources for industrial, defence, and fusion applications, all of which are described. A significant part of this work lies in the basic physics of these sources, both for modeling and ion beam acceleration. Numerical models of these are presented. Recently the effects of catalysts such as cesium on the discharge has been shown to cause considerable enhancement in H− and D− yield. The cesium itself also acts as a discharge component and a large source and accelerator for a pure cesium diagnostic beam has been developed. This technique is applicable to other vapors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 412-414 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The plasma characteristics of a volume negative ion source are described. An indirect measurement of the negative ion current density in the source has been made. Beam extraction measurements are used to attempt to verify the measurement in the source. The two are found to be in proportion. The difference between the two is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 1777-1782 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: H−/D− current and emittance scaling is measured in a magnetic multipole negative ion source. The gas in the source is the only difference as no reoptimization of the source is carried out, thus giving a direct comparison of the performance for the two isotopes. It is found that the H− current is greater than the D− current by approximately a factor of 2 under the same discharge conditions. The extracted electron to ion ratio is commensurately higher in deuterium than in hydrogen. Finally, the emittance in deuterium at the higher arc currents is found to be lower than that in hydrogen. Some comments are made on the scaling within the context of the accepted model of negative ion production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 2735-2737 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A rf ion source with a large extraction area suitable for fusion applications is considered. The source is a metallic magnetic multipole bucket with an internal antenna to couple the rf (at a frequency of 2 MHz) to the plasma. The source is diagnosed by an array of Langmuir probes to measure uniformity, density, and temperature and a small probe accelerator to extract a negative ion beam. A two-turn antenna is found to couple more power into the plasma than a half-turn antenna. When operated as a negative ion source at low powers, the source efficiency is found to be high and not to have a strong dependence on gas pressure. An extracted negative ion current density of about 4 mA/cm2 at 7 mTorr was obtained when 3 kW of power was coupled into the plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 2176-2183 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two designs of electron suppressor have been tested in a volume negative ion source operating dc with a large extraction aperture diameter (16 mm). Both suppressors employ magnetic fields to divert the electrons near the extraction aperture onto collector electrodes. However, while one suppressor uses a fixed field produced by permanent magnets, the other employs a variable field produced by a solenoidal coil. These suppressors allow low values (3–4:1) of extracted electron to ion currents to be obtained. The results are compared with a diffusion model and a hydrodynamic model of the transport of the electrons across the magnetic field. They show that the hydrodynamic model gives a good description of the suppression and transport of the electrons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 56-57 (1991), S. 1141-1143 
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 89 (1994), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: 328 (1993), S. 47-51 
    ISSN: 0168-9002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Alpha1/alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonism ; Wy 27127 ; Idazoxan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Wy 27127 and idazoxan were approximately equipotent as antagonists atα 2-adrenoceptors as estimated by their ability to block clonidine-induced inhibition of electrically-evoked contractions of the rat isolated vas deferens. Idazoxan was seven times as potent as Wy 27127, as an antagonist atα 1-adrenoceptors as indicated by blockade of methoxamine-induced contractions of the rat isolated anococcygeus muscle. Thus, theα 2:α 1 selectivity ratio, as calculated from these tests was 407 for Wy 27127 and 76 for idazoxan. Wy 27127 and idazoxan were equipotent in enhancing stimulation-evoked overflow of tritium from rabbit isolated pulmonary arteries preloaded with [3H]-noradrenaline as expected forα 2-adrenoceptor antagonists. At higher concentrations both compounds reduced the stimulation-evoked contraction of the pulmonary artery but idazoxan was 15 times as potent as Wy 27127 in this respect. Neither compound had marked antagonist actions at 5-hydroxytryptamine (D), muscarinic, presynaptic dopamine or histamine (H1) receptors or atβ 1-adrenoceptors. Thus, idazoxan and Wy 27127 were equipotentα 2-adrenoceptor antagonists in vitro, however, theα 2:α 1 selectivity of Wy 27127 was considerably greater than that of idazoxan by virtue of weakerα 1-adrenoceptor antagonism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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