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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 340-341 (June 2007), p. 21-30 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Design has traditionally involved selecting a suitable material for a given application.A materials design revolution is underway in which the classical materials selection approach isreplaced by design of material microstructure or mesostructure to achieve certain performancerequirements such as density, strength, ductility, conductivity, and so on. Often these multipleperformance requirements are in conflict in terms of their demands on microstructure.Computational plasticity models play a key role in evaluating structure-property relationsnecessary to support simulation-based design of heterogeneous, multifunctional metals and alloys.We consider issues related to systems design of several classes of heterogeneous material systemsthat is robust against various sources of uncertainty. Randomness of microstructure is one suchsource, as is model idealization error and uncertainty of model parameters.An example is given for design of a four-phase reactive powder metal-metal oxide mixture forinitiation of exothermic reactions under shock wave loading. Material attributes (e.g. volumefraction of phases) are designed to be robust against uncertainty due to random variation ofmicrostructure. We close with some challenges to modeling of plasticity in support of design ofdeformation and damage-resistant microstructures
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 15 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An energy-like approach is introduced for correlation of biaxial fatigue. The approach is motivated by the elastic-plastic δJ-integral which has previously been successfully applied to correlate uniaxial fatigue microcrack propagation. In addition, the most salient aspects of critical plane theories are included to reflect the driving force for microcracks in Stage I shear-dominated fatigue growth. Comparisons are made with some recent critical plane theories on the basis of generic completely reversed fatigue life behavior and for specific Case A and Case B biaxial loadings of Inconel 718 and 1045 steel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 177-180 (Apr. 2000), p. 165-170 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 59 (1993), S. 199-211 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Effect of tensile overload on elevated temperature crack growth behavior during the subsequent load hold period has been studied by numerical and experimental methods. Finite element analysis of compact specimens shows that when the tensile overload precedes the load hold period, C t during the hold period is significantly smaller (i.e. retarded) compared to the case without the overload. This is due to crack tip stress relaxation associated with large crack tip plasticity generated by the overload. A modified C t estimation scheme is proposed by introducing a new equation for t pl. Using this scheme, the retardation behavior of C t due to the overload is successfully modeled. Creep-fatigue crack growth data for an ex-service 1.25Cr-0.5Mo steel at 538°C (1000°F) were generated in air. The hold times are 10 seconds, 98 seconds and 10 minutes. Time-dependent crack growth rate during the load hold period, (da/dt)avg, is correlated with (C t )avg estimated by the new estimation scheme. (da/dt)avg data from all the tests with overload are higher than those from the tests without overload. The peak stress associated with the overload seems to have enhanced void nucleation and to incrase the time-dependent crack growth rate due to creep. This argument is supported by microscopic observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 80 (1989), S. 103-145 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Mechanics issues related to the formation and growth of cracks ranging from subgrain dimension to up to the order of one mm are considered under high cycle fatigue (HCF) conditions for metallic materials. Further efforts to improve the accuracy of life estimation in the HCF regime must consider various factors that are not presently addressed by traditional linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) approaches, nor by conventional HCF design tools such as the S-N curve, modified Goodman diagram and fatigue limit. A fundamental consideration is that a threshold level for ΔK for small/short cracks may be considerably lower than that for long cracks, leading to non-conservative life predictions using the traditional LEFM approach. Extension of damage tolerance concepts to lower length scales and small cracks relies critically on deeper understanding of (a) small crack behavior including interactions with microstructure, (b) heterogeneity and anisotropy of cyclic slip processes associated with the orientation distribution of grains, and (c) development of reliable small crack monitoring techniques. The basic technology is not yet sufficiently advanced in any of these areas to implement damage tolerant design for HCF. The lack of consistency of existing crack initiation and fracture mechanics approaches for HCF leads to significant reservations concerning application of existing technology to damage tolerant design of aircraft gas turbine engines, for example. The intent of this paper is to focus on various aspects of the propagation of small cracks which merit further research to enhance the accuracy of HCF life prediction. Predominant concern will rest with polycrystalline metals, and most of the issues pertain to wide classes of alloys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 36 (1988), S. 275-289 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a procédé à une analyse par éléments finis du fluage d'une éprouvette comportant une fissure centrale, sous des conditions allant du fluage à petite échelle jusqu'à un fluage important. On suppose que la fissue est stationaire. Divers modèles ont été utilisés, à savoir la loi de fluage élastique ou parabolique, avec ou sans plasticité indépendante de la vitesse, ainsi qu'une loi incluant également le fluage primaire. On a étudié la base mécanistique du paramètre C t, proposé pour relier le comportement de la croissance de la fissure de fluage sous des conditions entraînant un fluage depuis une petite échelle jusqu'à une grande échelle. Pour la géométrie citée, les différences entre les vitesses de variation de la courbe de la charge, mesurées et précédemment calculées en se basant sur la seule loi parabolique de fluage, semblent applicables par la prise en considération du fluage primaire. On conclut également que lors de fluage à petite échelle, C t ne caractérise pas le champ singulier de contraintes instantanées à l'extrémité de la fissure, mais plutôt, et de maniére sûre, la vitesse d'extension de la zone de fluage à l'extrémité de la fissure, qu'il y ait fluage primaire ou fluage secondaire. Ce tésultat fournit une base d'utilisation de C t pour connaître les vitesses de croissance d'une fissure de fluage, même en présence d'une déformation de fluage primaire significative.
    Notes: Abstract A finite element creep analysis of a center crack specimen has been carried out under small scale to extensive creep conditions. The crack was assumed to be stationary. Several constitutive models were used; these consisted of elastic, power-law creep with and without rate-independent plasticity, as well as one which also included primary creep. The mechanics basis of the C t parameter, which has been proposed for correlating creep crack growth behavior under conditions ranging from small scale to extensive creep, is explored. For the aforementioned specimen geometry, consideration of primary creep seems to explain the differences between the measured and previously calculated load line deflection rates based on power-law creep only. It is also concluded that in small scale creep, C t does not characterize the instantaneous crack tip singular stress field, but it accurately characterizes the rate of expansion of the crack tip creep zone regardless of whether primary or secondary creep is occurring. This result provides a rationale for using C t to correlate creep crack growth rates even in the presence of significant primary creep deformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 46 (1990), S. 81-104 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of time-dependent fracture under transient creep conditions is investigated via finite element analyses of fracture specimens with stationary cracks. The constitutive models consist of linear elasticity with combinations of power-law secondary creep and two primary creep laws. Two proposed parameters are studied. One is a contour integral, C(t), which characterizes the crack tip singularity strength. The other one, C t, is evaluated based on the load line deflection rate and has been used successfully in correlating experimental creep crack growth data. It is evident that accurate constitutive modeling is essential to good agreement with experimental data. The inclusion of primary creep resolves earlier discrepancies between the experimental and analytical load line deflection rates which are used to calculate the respective values of C t. The loading boundary condition is also an important factor that has been addressed. A more general formulation of C twhich includes primary creep is presented. In small scale and transition creep, the C tparameter does not characterize the crack tip stress singularity but rather is related to the crack tip creep zone growth rate. At times past transition time, C tand C(t) both approach a path-independent integral, C *(t), which characterizes the stationary crack tip stress field. The relationship between C tand C(t) is discussed. The interpretation and estimation of the C tparameter are given based on the numerical results and analytical manipulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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