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  • 1
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the hippocampus of patients with therapy-refractory temporal lobe epilepsy, glial cells of area CA1 might be less able to take up potassium ions via barium-sensitive inwardly rectifying and voltage-independent potassium channels. Using ion-selective microelectrodes we investigated the effects of barium on rises in [K+]o induced by repetitive alvear stimulation in slices from surgically removed hippocampi with and without Ammon's horn sclerosis (AHS and non-AHS). In non-AHS tissue, barium augmented rises in [K+]o by 147% and prolonged the half time of recovery by 90%. The barium effect was reversible, concentration dependent, and persisted in the presence of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA), N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and γ-aminobutyric acid [GABA(A)] receptor antagonists. In AHS tissue, barium caused a decrease in the baseline level of [K+]o. In contrast to non-AHS slices, in AHS slices with intact synaptic transmission, barium had no effect on the stimulus-induced rises of [K+]o, and the half time of recovery from the rise was less prolonged (by 57%). Under conditions of blocked synaptic transmission, barium augmented stimulus-induced rises in [K+]o, but only by 40%. In both tissues, barium significantly reduced negative slow-field potentials following repetitive stimulation but did not alter the mean population spike amplitude. The findings suggest a significant contribution of glial barium-sensitive K+-channels to K+-buffering in non-AHS tissue and an impairment of glial barium-sensitive K+-uptake in AHS tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Epilepsie ; Klassifikation ; Anfälle ; Key words Epilepsy ; Seizure ; Classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Recent advances in epileptology and epilepsy surgery require revision of the currently used International Classification of Epileptic Seizures, which was published 1981. We present a classification of epileptic seizures which is based purely on the clinical seizure semiology. The advantages of a semiological seizure classification are stressed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In den letzten Jahren wird zunehmend diskutiert, daß die 1981 vorgestellte Klassifikation epileptischer Anfälle der Internationalen Liga gegen Epilepsie revisionsbedürftig ist. Insbesondere von epilepsiechirurgisch tätigen Zentren wurden Verbesserungsvorschläge gemacht. Die hier vorgestellte semiologische Anfallsklassifikation basiert ausschließlich auf der klinischen Anfallssemiologie und bietet theroetische und praktische Vorteile, die im einzelnen erläutert werden. Sie soll als Diskussionsgrundlage dafür dienen, neue Aspekte in die Klassifikation epileptischer Anfälle einzuführen, die praktische Konsequenzen für die Diagnostik und Behandlung der Patienten haben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 230 (1983), S. 171-181 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Morphometry ; Nerve cell density ; Developmental disturbances ; Epilepsy, aetiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der morphologischen Epilepsieforschung wurde schon sehr früh die Vorstellung entwickelt, daß der Epilepsie eine Reifungsstörung des Gehirns zugrundeliegt. Bei qualitativer Diagnose waren die Mikrodysgenesien ein anatomisches Korrelat für diese Hypothese. Zu diesen Mikrodysgenesien gehört auch eine Erhöhung der Nervenzellzahl im Marklager, deren Diagnose bei rein qualitativer Beurteilung sehr unsicher und von Normalbefunden nur unscharf abzugrenzen ist. In dieser Untersuchung wird eine morphometrische Bestimmung der Nervenzelldichte des Marklagers im Gyrus frontalis inferior vorgenommen. Es finden sich signifikant erhöhte Zellzahlen in der Gruppe mit primär generalisierten Epilepsien gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe, aber auch traumatische Epilepsien haben noch eine höhere Zellzahl als die Kontrollen, liegen aber deutlich niedriger als die primär generalisierten Epilepsien. Die Untersuchung stützt die Hypothese von der Vorstellung einer Reifungsstörung als ätiologischer Faktor bei Epilepsien.
    Notes: Summary It has been suspected for a long time that developmental disturbances of the brain could be a factor in the causation of epilepsies. The diagnostic term “microdysgenesis” indicates the morphological correlate for this hypothesis. An increase in the number of nerve cells in the white matter belongs to this microdysgenesis. Its diagnosis, judged purely qualitatively, is very uncertain and cannot be clearly be differentiated from normal findings. In this study, the nerve cell density in the white matter of the gyrus frontalis inferior was determined morphometrically. There was a significantly increased cell count in the group with primary generalized epilepsy compared to the control group. However, even in the group with traumatic epilepsy there still a significantly higher cell count than in the control group, although clearly lower than in the group with primary generalized epilepsy. The study supports the hypothesis that disturbed maturation could be an aetiological factor in epilepsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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