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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Intermittent calcitriol ; Total body calcium ; Length gain ; Uremia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Calcitriol (C) pulse therapy is widely used to suppress secondary renal hyperparathyroidism. However, high C serum concentrations may have an antiproliferative effect on growth cartilage cells and may suppress growth rate. The study was designed to evaluate whether daily C and pulse C therapy have differential effects on growth in uremic rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (150 g, n=5–10 per group) underwent two-stage subtotal nephrectomy (U). The duration of uremia was 14–18 days. The animals were fed a standard diet or a diet with a low-calcium content. Rats on a low-calcium diet were randomized for recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment (2.5 IU/kg per day) or solvent. C was injected subcutaneous twice daily (15 pmol/day) or intraperitoneal (105 pmol) twice per week. Weight gain and length gain was determined weekly. After sacrifice, total body calcium was determined by total body neutron activation analysis. Bone micromorphometric analysis of third lumbar vertebra and double staining with tetracycline for determination of mineralization rate were performed. Whereas daily C significantly increased total body length gain within 2 weeks, pulse C did not (U solvent 4.0±0.3 cm, UC bolus 4.3±0.4 cm, UC daily 5.3±0.3 cm, P〈0.05). A low-calcium diet reduced and rhGH increased basal length gain and weight gain; regardless of these preconditions, daily but not bolus C increased length gain significantly. C both daily and in bolus form reduced bone osteoid content, but daily C improved mineral apposition rate more than C bolus. Total body calcium corrected for body weight decreased with a low-calcium diet, was lowest with concomitant rhGH treatment, and was not improved by C. In conclusion, daily but not bolus C treatment improves growth in uremic rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 405-413 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Uremia ; slipped epiphysis ; renal osteodystrophy ; vitamin D ; parathyreoidectomy ; growth ; Urämie ; Epiphysenlösung ; renale Osteodystrophie ; Vitamin D ; Parathyreoidektomie ; Wachstum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die urämische Epiphyseolyse unterscheidet sich grundlegend von der juvenilen Epiphyseolyse. Anhand eigener Erfahrungen bei der Behandlung von 8 Kindern mit urämischer Epiphysenlösung wurden Indikation und Durchführung der konservativen sowie der chirurgischen aktiven Behandlung besprochen. Eine Stabilisierung der abgerutschten Epiphysen wurde ohne chirurgische Maßnahmen und meist ohne Parathyreoidektomie allein durch Vitamin D3-Therapie innerhalb weniger Wochen erreicht. Die Initialdosis betrug 10 000–30 000 E Vitamin D3/die, die kurative Gesamtdosis 1,8–5,6 Mill. E Vitamin D3. Längerdauernde Immobilisation durch Bettruhe war unnötig. Auf den Wert der Urin-Calciumausscheidung zur Früherkennung der Vitamin D-Intoxikation auch bei fortgeschrittener Niereninsuffizienz wurde hingewiesen. Stärkste metaphysäre Verbiegungen an distalem Femur und distaler Tibia machten bei einem Patienten eine operative Korrektur notwendig, um die Gehfähigkeit des Kindes sicherzustellen. — Als allgemeine Behandlungs-richtlinie ist anzustreben, zunächst die metabolische Skeleterkrankung durch Vitamin D-Therapie mit oder ohne Parathyreoidektomie zu beseitigen. Erst anschließend sollen notwendige Osteotomien zur Beseitigung metaphysärer Deformierungen oder einer Coxa vara epiphysarea durchgeführt werden.
    Notes: Summary Epiphyseal slipping in uraemia differs strikingly from juvenile epiphyseal slipping with respect to pathology and therapy. Based on our own experience with the treatment of 8 uraemic children with epiphyseal slipping, an effort was made to establish the respective indications for conservative and surgical treatment. Mechanical stabilization of slipped epiphyses was achieved within a few weeks without any surgery and usually without parathyreoidectomy by vitamin D3 alone. The initial dose was 10,000 to 30,000 I.U./day, the total curative dose 1.8 to 5.6 millions I.U. Prolonged immobilization was unnecessary. Rising urinary calcium excretion was a valuable indicator of vitamin D intoxication even in advanced renal failure. In one case, pronounced metaphyseal deformations (distal femur, distal tibia) required surgical correction before the ability to walk normally was restored. — The following therapeutical approach is recommended: metabolic bone disease must be cured by vitamin D therapy with or without parathyreoidectomy. Osteotomy to correct metaphyseal deformities or coxa vara epiphysaria never should be performed before metabolic bone disease is healed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 55 (1977), S. 375-378 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Urämie ; Extraossalverkalkungen ; Hyperparathyreoidismus ; Calciumstoffwechsel ; Uremia ; extraosseous calcification ; hyperparathyroidism ; calcium metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In a cross-sectional study X-rays of the forefoot and the pelvis of 101 adult dialysis patients were taken. Vascular calcifications (forefoot) were observed in 20 patients. The incidence was higher in patients who had been started on dialysis several years ago. However, in a longitudinal prospective study de novo appearance of vascular calcifications was observed only in 1 out of 50 dialysed patients, although hyperparathyreoidism and moderate hyperphosphatemia persisted. Vascular calcifications were seen only once in 138 uremic children (56 uremic children without dialysis; 82 uremic children on maintenance hemodialysis). However at autopsy visceral calcifications of the lung were found in three (out of 11) children who did not have vascular calcifications on X-rays.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer Querschnittsstudie wurden 101 erwachsene Hämodialysepatienten röntgenologisch (Beckenübersicht, Vorfuß) untersucht. Gefäßverkalkungen (Vorfuß) wurden bei 20% aller Dialysepatienten gefunden. Diese Zahl liegt wesentlich niedriger als frühere Angaben. Die Häufigkeit von Gefäßverkalkungen war höher bei Patienten, deren Dialysebeginn mehrere Jahre zurücklag. In einer prospektiven Verlaufskontrolle wurde Neuauftreten von Gefäßverkalkung jedoch nur bei einem von 50 Patienten beobachtet, obwohl Hyperparathyreoidismus und mäßiggradige Hyperphosphatämie unter der Hämodialyse persistierten. Bei urämischen Kindern (56 urämische Kinder ohne Hämodialyse, 82 urämische Kinder mit Hämodialyse) wurden Gefäßverkalkungen nur in einem einzigen Falle gefunden. Hingegen wurde in 3 von 11 Kindern viscerale Verkalkungen des Lungengerüstes bei der Autopsie gefunden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Hemodialysis ; Kidney transplantation ; Psychic reactions ; Psychosocial rehabilitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 6 Kinder und Adoleszenten unter intermittierender Hämodialyse und ein transplantiertes Kind wurden im Abstand von 8–20 Monaten zweimal psychologisch-psychiatrisch untersucht. Ihre Stimmung, Reaktivität, Körperschema, Reaktionsbildung sowie Anpassung an die eingreifenden Behandlungsmethoden werden dargestellt. Der Adaptationsprozeß wird günstig beeinflußt durch eine komplikationsarme Behandlung, Vertrauen zum behandelnden Team und eine realistische, angstarme Einstellung der Eltern gegenüber der Krankheit und Behandlung ihres Kindes. Die Rehabilitation im psychosozialen Bereich hängt weitgehend von der Ausprägung dieser Faktoren ab.
    Notes: Abstract Six children and adolescents on intermittent dialysis and one child transplant recipient were subjected to both psychiatric and psychological examinations twice over 8 to 20 months. Mood, reactivity, body image, reaction formation and adjustment to the radical method of treatment are presented. The process of adaptation seems to be positively influenced by a treatment with few complications and also by confidence in the therapeutic team and a realistic attitude with a minimum of anxiety on the part of the parents towards the illness and treatment of their child. Rehabilitation in the psychosocial sphere depends largely on the successful achievement of these goals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Nutritional survey ; Dietary record ; Chronic renal failure ; Energy and nutrient intake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nutritional counselling is important in the management of children with chronic renal failure (CRF). In 1988, a controlled European multicentre study was started to evaluate the effects of a low-protein diet on the progression of CRF in children. To assess the energy, macro- and micronutrient intake, 4-day weighed dietary records were obtained from 50 children with low to moderate CRF (creatinine clearance 65 to 15 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and from 93 healthy children. The mean energy intake was 90%–93% of the recommended dietary allowance for Italian children in controls and 76%–88% in CRF patients. The mean protein intake was 2.1–3.1 g/kg per day in controls and 1.6–2.7 g/kg per day in CRF patients. Overall, the energy intake was 10% and the protein intake 33% lower in CRF patients than in healthy children. Children with CRF consumed less cholesterol, calcium and phosphorus than healthy children. The lower spontaneous intake of energy, protein and other nutrients should be taken into account when planning the nutrition of children with CRF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Chronic renal failure ; Recombinant human growth hormone treatment ; Insulin-like growth factors ; Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins ; Progression of renal disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Impaired growth and stunting remains a major therapeutic problem in children with chronic renal failure (CRF). Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment may be beneficial, but concern has been raised about possible side-effects, i.e. deterioration of renal function and glucose intolerance. We have treated 10 prepubertal children with CRF (median age 7.5 [1.7–10.0] years) with 4 IU rhGH/m2 per day s.c. over a period of 1 year. Height velocity increased significantly (P〈0.03) from basal 4.6 (2.0–14.0) cm/year to 9.7 (6.8–17.6) cm/year. Height velocity SDS for chronological age and for bone age increased in all children from basal median −2.3 to +3.8 (P〈0.005). Median glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured by single injection inulin clearance at onset was 18 (11–66) ml/min per 1.73 m2 and did not change significantly during the treatment year. The loss of GFR as estimated by creatinine clearance was similar during the treatment year (median loss 1.3 ml/min per 1.73 m2) compared to the year before treatment (median loss 3.7 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Serum glucose levels during an oral glucose tolerance test did not change, but fasting as well as stimulated insulin levels increased significantly with time during the study period. It is concluded that the rhGH regimen employed was remarkably effective in improving growth velocity in children with CRF without adversely affecting GFR. Glucose homeostasis remained stable, but at the expense of increased serum insulin levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Hepatoblastoma ; Precocious puberty ; Hepatomegaly ; Alpha-l-fetoprotein ; Human chorionic gonadotropin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hepatoblastoma was diagnosed in a 12 month old boy presenting with hepatomegaly and isosexual precocious puberty. Preoperative levels of both alpha-l-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) were highly elevated. The tumor was removed by hepatic trisegmentectomy. Tumor tissue contained high concentrations of AFP and HCG. On combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (CYC), vincristine (VCR), adriamycin (ADR) and 5-fluoruracil (5-FU) HCG dropped over a period of 9 months to normal values. In contrast, AFP was undetectable following surgery. One year after initiation of therapy there is no clinical or radiological evidence of recurrence of the malignancy but the observation period is too short to draw any conclusions on the effect of therapy and the final outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 141 (1983), S. 63-65 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Chronic renal failure ; Haemodialysis ; Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ; Renal transplantation ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We analysed the demographic data, clinical course and survival on different forms of renal replacement therapy (RRT) of 374 children and adolescents with chronic renal failure observed between 1969 and 1988 and compared the findings for the four subsequent 5-year periods. The proportion of children below 5 years of age rose from 21% to 47%. With time the incidence of glomerulonephritis increased and that of pyelonephritis decreased. As RRT became more common, more very young children and more adolescents were admitted to the study. In the last 5 years continuous ambulatory peritoncal dialysis (CAPD) and haemodialysis (HD) were performed to the same extent as the initial form of RRT. The time a subject had to wait for a first transplant decreased from 36 to 21 months. Between 1969 and 1988 overall survival on any form of RRT increased to 77% after 10 years of therapy. In the last observation period 2-year patient survival was 100% both on HD and CAPD. First cadaver graft survival after 4 years improved from 25% in 1969–1973 to 69% in 1984–1988.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words X-linked ; hypophosphataemia ; Short stature ; Growth hormone ; Disproportionate ; growth ; Secondary ; hyperparathyroidism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three short prepubertal children with X-linked hypophosphataemia were treated with 1 IU recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH)/kg per week sc in addition to calcitriol and phosphate supplementation over a period of 3 years. Improvement of height standard deviation score (SDS) ranged from 1.0–1.7 SD based on an increase in sitting height of 1.5–2.9 SD, whereas subischial leg length improved only slightly by 0.3–0.9 SD. In all three patients, renal phosphate threshold concentration increased slightly and transient hyperparathyroidism was noted. Conclusion Treatment of stunted children with X-linked hypophosphataemia is effective in improving growth velocity, but appears to aggravate the pre-existent disproportionate stature of such children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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