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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of aerodynamic heat transfer in free flight at Mach number up to 4.7 (1986)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 20 (1986), S. 27-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein eindimensionales inverstransientes Wärmeleitungsproblem mit Strahlungs-Randbedingungen analysiert unter Benutzung einer impliziten Finitedifferenzen-Approximation. Beschrieben wird ein iteratives Verfahren, das die unbekannten Oberflächenbedingungen aus der Meßinformation eines Thermoelementes vorhersagt. Weiterhin wird eine verallgemeinerte thermische Analyse (Temperatur/Wärmefluß-Vorhersage) für die aerodynamische Umgebung einer mit Überschall fliegenden Rakete präsentiert, wobei Meßdaten aus einem Raketenflug verwendet werden, die zur Bodenstation gesendet wurden.
    Notes: Abstract A one-dimensional inverse transient heat conduction problem with a radiation boundary condition is analysed using implicit finite difference approximation. An iterative procedure is described which predicts unknown surface conditions from the measured thermocouple temperature. A unified thermal analysis (temperature/heat flux prediction) of the sounding rocket aerothermodynamic environment is presented using flight data which are transmitted to ground test station.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00999733
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of heat transfer coefficient using transient temperature response chart (1991)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 26 (1991), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde ein inverses Finite-Elemente-Computer-Programm entwickelt, um den Oberflächenwärmestrom und die Oberflächentemperatur aus dem mit Thermoelementen gemessenen Temperaturverlauf zu bestimmen. Die Bestimmung des konvektiven Wärmeübertragungskoeffizienten und der Verbrennungsgastemperatur ist mit Verwendung von Aufzeichnungen der transienten Ansprechtemperatur ausgeführt worden. Für die thermische Auslegung von Raketendüsen werden einige Beispiele dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse beweisen, daß dieses Verfahren bemerkenswerte Fähigkeiten besitzt, um unbekannte Randbedingungen annähernd zu berechnen.
    Notes: Abstract An inverse finite element computer code is developed to predict surface heat flux and surface temperature in conjunction with the measured thermocouple temperature history. Determination of convective heat-transfer coefficient and combustion gas temperature is carried out employing transient temperature response chart. Examples are illustrated which are typical of those that arise in thermal design of rocket nozzle. The results demonstrate that the method is remarkable in its ability to estimate unknown boundary conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01589897
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical investigation of the impingement of an oblique shock on a flat plate (1988)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 23 (1988), S. 123-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen in instationärer, kompressibler Form mit Reynolds-gemittelten Variablen werden für die gegenseitige Beeinflussing einer Stoßwelle mit einer turbulenten Grenzschicht gelöst. Die Berechnung wird anhand des MacCormack's explizit-impliziten Finite-Differenzen-Verfahrens mit 42×42 Gitterpunkten für eine Freistrahl-Machzahl von 3,7 und einer Reynoldszahl von 8,202·106 durchgeführt. Die Rechenergebnisse stimmen mit den Experimenten gut überein.
    Notes: Summary The unsteady, compressible Navier-Stokes equations in Reynolds-averaged variables are solved for a shock wave turbulent boundary layer interaction. For the free stream Mach number 3.7 and Reynolds number 8.202×106 computation is performed using MacCormack's explicit-implicit finite difference scheme with 42×42 grid points. It is found that the peak heating amplification correlation agrees well with computational results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01637135
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peak heating for reattachment of separated flow on a spiked blunt-body (2000)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 36 (2000), S. 277-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A forward facing spike attached to a hemisphere-cylinder reduces the aerodynamic drag and the heat flux at supersonic and hypersonic Mach numbers. A numerical simulation is carried out to examine the effects of freestream Mach number on the flowfield and the heat transfer over the spiked blunt-body. Axisymmetric compressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved using a finite volume discretization in conjunction with a multistage Runge–Kutta time stepping method. Lengths of the separated region on the spike are influenced by the freestream Mach number. The computed results show that the peak heat flux on the nose of the blunt-body is also influenced by the freestream Mach number. The peak pressure and the wall heat flux on the blunt-body increases with increasing freestream Mach number. The computed results are reasonable in agreement with experimental data from the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002310000091
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite element analysis of conductive and radiative heating of a thin skin calorimeter (1988)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 22 (1988), S. 227-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Erforschung des Einflusses der normalen und seitlichen Wärmeleitung auf die Temperaturverteilung und den Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten auf der Oberfläche einer typischen Überschallrakete. Dazu wird mit der Methode der Finiten Elemente eine zweidimensionale Wärmeleitungsgleichung mit einer zeitabhängigen Zufuhr von Reibungswärme durch die Luftströmung an einer Wand und Stahlungswärmeaustausch an der anderen Seite als Randbedingung gelöst.
    Notes: Abstract The main purpose of the present work is to investigate the influence of normal and lateral conduction on the temperature distribution and heat transfer coefficient on the surface of a typical sounding rocket. A two-dimensional heat conduction equation with a time dependent aerodynamic heating condition at one surface and a radiation boundary condition at the other end is solved using finite element method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01377245
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical analysis of transient two phase flow in heat pipe (1996)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 31 (1996), S. 383-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit bezieht sich auf die numerische Simulation der physikalischen Phänomene in Wärmerohren, wobei insbesondere die Verdampfungsdynamik des Arbeitsmediums in einer Zweiphasen-Analyse untersucht wird. Mit Hilfe eines zeitabhängigen Differenzenverfahrens lassen sich die, die Wechselwirkung zwischen Dampfphase und Wasserpartikeln beschreibenden Gleichungen für den kompressiblen Fall lösen. Mittels eines dreistufigen Runge/Kutta-Verfahrens wird die Dampfdynamik analysiert, wobei durch Einführung eines Dämpfungsterms eine Stabilisierung des numerischen Verfahrens bewirkt wird. Ein praktisches Berechnungsbeispiel schließt die Untersuchung ab.
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents numerical simulation of the physical phenomena in heat pipe. The vapour dynamics of working fluid is considered in the numerical analysis of the heat pipe. A two-phase analysis is carried out for the heat pipe. The compressible flow equations for vapour-phase interaction with water particle phase are solved by a finite volume technique. A three stage Runge-Kutta time-stepping method is employed to solve vapour dynamics. Damping term is added to stablize the numerical scheme. An example is worked out to study the two phase flow in the heat pipe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02172583
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical analysis of transient two phase flow in heat pipe (1996)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 31 (1996), S. 383-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung  Die Arbeit bezieht sich auf die numerische Simulation der physikalischen Phänomene in Wärmerohren, wobei insbesondere die Verdampfungsdynamik des Arbeitsmediums in einer Zweiphasen–Analyse untersucht wird. Mit Hilfe eines zeitabhängigen Differenzenverfahrens lassen sich die, die Wechselwirkung zwischen Dampfphase und Wasserpartikeln beschreibenden Gleichungen für den kompressiblen Fall lösen. Mittels eines dreistufigen Runge/Kutta–Verfahrens wird die Dampfdynamik analysiert, wobei durch Einführung eines Dämpfungsterms eine Stabilisierung des numerischen Verfahrens bewirkt wird. Ein praktisches Berechnungsbeispiel schlie-t die Untersuchung ab.
    Notes: Abstract  This paper presents numerical simulation of the physical phenomena in heat pipe. The vapour dynamics of working fluid is considered in the numerical analysis of the heat pipe. A two-phase analysis is carried out for the heat pipe. The compressible flow equations for vapour-phase interaction with water particle phase are solved by a finite volume technique. A three stage Runge–Kutta time-stepping method is employed to solve vapour dynamics. Damping term is added to stablize the numerical scheme. An example is worked out to study the two phase flow in the heat pipe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02172583
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a Statistical Model for the Formation of Poly [Acryloyl Hydroxyethyl Starch] Microspheres (1997)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 14 (1997), S. 469-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: poly(Acryloyl Hydroxyethyl Starch) microspheres ; molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc) ; degree of derivatization (DD) ; molar ratio (MR) ; link probability generating function (LPGF)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To develop a mathematical model for predicting the molecular weight between crosslinks, Mc, of poly[Acryloyl Hydroxyethyl Starch] (Ac-HES) microspheres system and to identify and evaluate the key microsphere preparation parameters which affect the Mc of the formed microsphere structure based on the developed model. Methods. Link probability generating functions (LPGFs) based on the classical branching theory were used to derive a model for the calculation of Mc for the Ac-HES system. Based on the developed model, simulation was made to study the effects of the microsphere preparation variables on Mc of the formed microspheres. The process variables were the degree of derivatization (DD) of the Ac-HES, the molar ratio (MR) of the Ac-HES to acrylamide monomer, the fractional conversion of the unsaturation (α), the initiator efficiency (f), the molar concentration of initiator (I), the fraction of intramolecular cyclization (c), and the total weight of the reactable monomer and polymer (s). Results. A model to describe the crosslinking reaction of Ac-HES system and predict Mc was developed. Simulation based on the model showed that Mc decreased as α increased and reached a limiting value before total conversion. At constant α, Mc initially decreased with MR to a minimum and then increased with MR; while Mc decreased monotonically with DD. I and c affected Mc only at very low α and changes in s and f had no effect on Mc. Conclusions. Simulation based on the model suggested that the most important microsphere preparation parameters influencing Mc of the Ac-HES system are the number of functional groups on the Ac-HES (DD) and the stoichiometry (MR) of the crosslinking reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012111116002
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a Statistical Model for the Formation of Poly [Acryloyl Hydroxyethyl Starch] Microspheres (1997)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 14 (1997), S. 475-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: Flory-Rehner model ; dynamic and equilibrium swelling ; molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc) ; degree of derivatization(DD) ; molar ratio (MR)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To characterize the network structure of Poly (Acryloyl Hydroxyethyl Starch) (Ac-HES) microspheres and test the theoretical model and the hypothesis that the rate of swelling of microspheres is inversely related to the extent of crosslinking. Methods. Microspheres were prepared with varying degrees of derivatization (DD) and molar ratios (MR) and subjected to the characterization of matrix structure by dynamic and equilibrium swelling studies utilizing direct microscopic observation and the Flory-Rehner equation. The dependence of average molecular weight between crosslinking Mc, on DD and MR were compared to test the validity of the model. Results. Study of the dependence of Mc on the microspheres preparation parameters, DD and MR, showed that at constant MR, the Mc decreased with DD, while at constant DD, the Mc initially decreased with MR to a minimum, and then increased with MR, complying with the model prediction. Dynamic swelling of microspheres showed a monotonical increase to equilibrium size featured by two time variables, Tp and Teq, that were dependent on Mc; this permitted a conceptual view of the general structure of the Ac-HES microspheres. The Mc, which was more accurately determined by the weight method (as opposed to volume method), was independent of the size of microspheres although there was evidence of variation among particles within a batch. Conclusions. The results validated the model in describing the polymerization/crosslinking reaction of the Ac-HES microsphere system and suggested that Mc is the principal factor in controlling release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012199500072
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of embryonic development in Earias vittella by terpenoids (1979)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 66 (1979), S. 56-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369366
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