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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Surface Microstructure on Bending Fatigue Strength of Carburized Steels (1992)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 102-104 (Jan. 1992), p. 199-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/59/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.102-104.199.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of Distortion during Quenching of a Low Carbon Steel (1992)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 102-104 (Jan. 1992), p. 767-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/59/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.102-104.767.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum glibenclamide in diabetic patients, and influence of food on the kinetics and effects of glibenclamide (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 18 (1980), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; sulphonylurea ; glibenclamide ; steady state levels ; bioavailability ; food intake ; plasma insulin ; blood glucose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The steady state concentrations of glibenclamide in serum were measured radioimmunologically in 37 diabetic patients after administration for at least a year. No other antidiabetic drugs had been given. The interindividual variation in glibenclamide concentrations was extremely large (0 to 1520 nmol/l), greatly exceeding the variation in dosage (2.5–25 mg daily). There was no relation between dose and serum concentration of glibenclamide. Only four (9%) patients had fasting blood glucose concentrations below 5.5 mmol/l, and fewer than half had values below 8 mmol/l. In most cases, therefore, the therapy was inadequate. Single-dose kinetics of glibenclamide was assessed in healthy volunteers. Food intake did not influence the bioavailability of a 5 mg dose of glibenclamide. There was no insulin increase in response to glibenclamide unless a meal was also given, and this increase was not significant until 1 h after administration of drug and meal, when the mean serum concentration of glibenclamide had reached 100nmol/l. Even in the fasting state, however, there was a progressive fall in blood glucose after glibenclamide administration, significant within 45 min and with a nadir at 2–2 1/2 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01228296
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of thyroid mast cells in the regulation of thyroid activity (1973)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 3 (1973), S. 186-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01965743
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucose tolerance and mortality, including a substudy of tolbutamide treatment (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 680-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Impaired glucose tolerance ; mortality ; tolbutamide ; ischaemic heart disease ; clinical trial.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mortality according to glucose tolerance was studied to determine the prognosis of impaired glucose tolerance. Among 2500 persons tested in a community screening programme in 1962–1965 and followed-up for mortality to the end of 1987, age-sex-adjusted mortality rates were 37.9 ± 1.9, 53.6 ± 4.2, and 70.1 ± 3.6 deaths per 1000 person-years ( ± SE) in those with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes by World Health Organization criteria at baseline. Age-sex-adjusted mortality rates due to ischaemic heart disease were 14.3 ± 1.1, 16.3 ± 2.4, and 25.8 ± 2.0 deaths per 1000 person-years, respectively. Using criteria predating those of the World Health Organization 147 men with abnormal glucose tolerance were entered into a randomized clinical trial in which 49 were treated with tolbutamide for approximately 10 years. Those treated had lower mortality rates from all causes (mortality rate ratio = 0.66, 95 % confidence interval = 0.39, 1.10) and from ischaemic heart disease (mortality rate ratio = 0.42, 95 % confidence interval = 0.16, 1.12) than those not receiving tolbutamide. Thus mortality rates are increased in persons with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes, and the small clinical trial suggests that tolbutamide may be beneficial in men with abnormal glucose tolerance. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 680–686]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050734
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased mortality in Type II diabetic patients using sulphonylurea and metformin in combination: a population-based observational study (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 558-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Type II diabetes ; pharmacoepidemiology ; sulphonylurea ; metformin ; combination treatment ; mortality.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. This study analysed cause-specific mortality in Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients using either sulphonylurea alone or in combination with metformin. Methods. Patients were followed from the first day they were taking either the combination or sulphonylurea alone. Odds ratios by Cox regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, duration of diabetes, study area, year of inclusion and fasting blood glucose at inclusion. Results. We included 169 patients taking sulphonylurea and metformin in combination and 741 patients taking only sulphonylurea. Mean (range) follow-up time was 6.1 (0.1–13.0) years. The adjusted odds ratio for overall mortality was 1.63 (95 % confidence interval 1.27–2.09) in patients taking sulphonylurea and metformin combination vs those using sulphonylurea alone. For mortality from ischaemic heart disease and stroke the adjusted odds ratios were 1.73 (95 % confidence interval 1.17–2.55) and 2.33 (95 % confidence interval 1.17–4.63), respectively. Conclusion/interpretation. There was a higher cardiovascular mortality in Type II diabetic patients taking sulphonylurea and metformin in combination than in those taking only sulphonylurea. Hence, it cannot be excluded that this kind of combination therapy possibly increases cardiovascular mortality. It is feasible that the increased mortality was secondary to a more aggressive type of diabetes in the patients using sulphonylurea and metformin in combination. Combination therapy is known to promote additional blood glucose reduction but there is as yet no evidence that a sulphonylurea and metformin combination is more beneficial on micro- or macrovascular disease than sulphonylurea or metformin alone. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 558–560]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051343
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of intravenous glibenclamide in Caucasian and Chinese patients with type-2 diabetes (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 55 (2000), S. 721-727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Glibenclamide ; Insulin ; Proinsulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: We analysed the kinetics and effects of glibenclamide (Gb) on glucose, insulin and proinsulin secretion in two ethnic groups (10 in each) of type-2 diabetic patients, one of Caucasian, the other of Chinese origin. Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a global disease affecting all ethnic groups. There are ethnic differences in both the prevalence and metabolic characteristics of the disease. Important interethnic pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic differences have been reported for several drugs. With few exceptions, detailed studies on sulphonylurea are lacking. Material and methods: The patients were studied on two occasions when either no Gb (control) or 1.25 mg Gb was administered i.v., immediately before the administration of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Concentrations of insulin and proinsulin were determined by means of radioimmunoassay without cross-reactivities. Gb concentration was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacodynamic results were calculated using net areas under the curves, with basal values set as zero. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: When glucose was administered orally without Gb, Chinese patients had higher plasma glucose increases at 10 min (7.6 mmol/l × min vs 2.6 mmol/l × min) and higher increases of plasma insulin levels than Caucasians at both 10 min (198 pmol/l × min vs 54 pmol/l × min) and 30 min (2286 pmol/l × min vs 1198 pmol/l × min). When Gb was administered, the plasma glucose increases were reduced, and the increases of serum insulin and proinsulin levels were greater in both ethnic groups. Compared with the basal values (−1 min), proinsulin/insulin ratios (RPI) were lowest at 10–30 min, followed by an increase. Chinese patients had higher increases of serum insulin levels at 10 min (1109 pmol/l × min vs 550 pmol/l × min) and a lower RPI at 30 min (6.0% vs 7.6%) and 240 min (15.0% vs 21.0%) relative to Caucasians. Serum Gb data were best fitted to a biexponential i.v. model. There were no interethnic differences in any of the pharmacokinetic parameters. Conclusion: In summary, following oral glucose administration without Gb, Chinese type-2 diabetic patients had higher plasma insulin levels but also higher plasma glucose levels during the first 10 min, which might reflect reduced insulin sensitivity or more rapid glucose absorption. Gb augmented glucose-induced release of both insulin and proinsulin in both ethnic groups; the effect on insulin secretion was more pronounced. In conclusion, minor pharmacodynamic but no pharmacokinetic differences were found between the two groups. It seems appropriate to employ the same dosage principles when using Gb in Caucasians and Chinese.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050004
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-urban variation of antibiotic utilization in children: influence of socio-economic factors (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 54 (1998), S. 653-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Antibiotic utilization ; Intra-urban variation ; Children ; Socio-economic ; Ecological
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the intra-urban variation of antibiotic utilization in children in Malmö and to evaluate the influence of socio-economic factors on this variation. Methods: In an ecological analysis, the variations in antibiotic utilization in children, expressed as defined daily dose (DDD) or as the number of prescriptions per 1000 inhabitants per day, were compared with variations in socio-economic and demographic factors in the 17 administrative districts of the Swedish city of Malmö (235 000 inhabitants). Results: There were large between-area differences in antibiotic utilization, especially in children aged 0–6 years. Socio-economic factors reflecting a privileged situation correlated positively with antibiotic utilization. Thus, in districts with a high median family income and a high employment rate, the utilization of antibiotics was higher than in other districts. Conversely, in districts with a high proportion of blue-collar workers, people with foreign backgrounds and recipients of social benefit, antibiotic utilization was comparatively low. In contrast, the utilization of penicillin V relative to other antibiotics showed an opposite pattern, including positive correlations with the proportion of social benefit, immigrants and blue-collar workers and a negative correlation with employment rate. Conversely, the utilization of macrolides in relation to other antibiotics in children aged 0–6 years was highest in districts inhabited by those who were socio-economically privileged. Interpretation: The findings suggest that utilization of antibiotics in children may vary considerably within a city, that it may increase with the degree of parental affluence, and that such affluence may reduce the utilization of penicillin V relative to other antibiotics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050529
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of dicoumarol bioavailability by concomitant food intake (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 441-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Bioavailability ; dicoumarol ; eating ; serum concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of food intake on the biovailability of dicoumarol from a non-micronized formulation was examined in ten healthy volunteers, by examination of its single-dose kinetics after ingestion of dicoumarol 250 mg with a standardized breakfast and on an empty stomach. Blood samples were collected at regular intervals from 0 to 72 h, and the serum concentration of unmetabolized dicoumarol was determinded by spectrophotometry. Postprandial AUC (area under the curve) values were significantly (p〈0.01) greater than the preprandial figures, the mean increase being 85 per cent. The results suggest that dicoumarol should always be taken with food.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00716387
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of food on the absorption of phenytoin in man (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 15 (1979), S. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: phenytoin ; food-intake ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of food intake on the absorption of phenytoin was examined in eight healthy volunteers, by study of single-dose kinetics following ingestion of phenytoin 300 mg either with a standardized breakfast or on an empty stomach. Blood samples were collected at regular intervals from 0 to 48 h, and serum concentrations of unmetabolized phenytoin were determined by gas chromatography. Serum concentrations of the major metabolite of phenytoin, 4-hydroxyphenytoin, were measured by mass fragmentography. Concurrent intake of food and phenytoin appeared to accelerate absorption of the drug from the formulation used, and the peak concentrations were significantly higher (mean increase 40%) in the postprandial than in the preprandial state. As reflected by the AUC (area under the curve), the amount of drug absorbed was increased during postprandial conditions, although the difference only reached borderline significance. It is suggested that phenytoin should always be taken in a defined relation to meals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00618516
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