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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular mimicry in diabetes mellitus: the homologous domain in coxsackie B virus protein 2C and islet autoantigen GAD65 is highly conserved in the coxsackie B-like enteroviruses and binds to the diabetes associated HLA-DR3 molecule (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 40-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Coxsackie B virus ; peptide binding ; HLA-DR ; molecular mimicry ; IDDM.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It has been proposed that molecular mimicry between protein 2C (p2C) of coxsackie virus B4 and the autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) plays a role in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). In this study we show that the amino acid sequence of p2C which shares homology with a sequence in GAD65 (PEVKEK), is highly conserved in coxsackie virus B4 isolates as well as in different viruses of the subgroup of coxsackie B-like enteroviruses. These are the most prevalent enteroviruses and therefore exposure to the mimicry motif will be a frequent event throughout life. Presentation of the homologous peptides by HLA molecules is essential for T-cell reactivity. Therefore, we tested whether the PEVKEK motif can bind to the IDDM-associated HLA-DR1, -DR3 and -DR4 molecules. Synthetic peptides with sequences derived from p2C and GAD65 did bind to HLA-DR3 but not to HLA-DR1 or -DR4. Replacement of amino acids within the motif showed that the PEVKEK motif binds specifically to HLA-DR3. Moreover, both p2C and GAD65 peptides bind in the same position within the peptide binding groove of the DR3 molecule which is an essential requirement for T-cell cross-reactivity. The results support molecular mimicry between p2C of coxsackie B-like enteroviruses and GAD65. However, this molecular mimicry may be limited to the HLA-DR3 positive subpopulation of IDDM patients. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 40–46]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050864
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    16S rRNA based polymerase chain reaction compared with culture and serological methods for diagnosis ofMycoplasma pneumoniae infection (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 13 (1994), S. 401-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The use of a 16S rRNA based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection ofMycoplasma pneumoniae infection was investigated. Sputum samples from 34 patients with respiratory illness and evidence of pneumonia as judged by chest X-ray were analyzed by PCR and microbiological culture. Throat swabs from 14 healthy individuals were used as controls. For serology, an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies and a complement fixation assay were performed. Evidence ofMycoplasma pneumoniae infection was obtained in ten patients (29 %), eight of whom were found positive by both PCR and serology. Two of the sputum samples from these eight patients were negative by culture. Of the remaining two patients positive forMycoplasma pneumoniae, one was positive by PCR and culture but negative by serology, and one was found positive by serology but negative by PCR and culture. Thirteen of the 14 controls were negative by both PCR and serology. One control, however, was negative by serology but positive by PCR, which was probably due to asymptomatic carriage ofMycoplasma pneumoniae. The results of this study indicate the suitability of the PCR for the detection ofMycoplasma pneumoniae in clinical samples as well as its potential value as an additional tool for the diagnosis of infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01971997
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection ofChlamydia trachomatis in clinical specimens by the polymerase chain reaction (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 9 (1990), S. 864-868 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sequences derived from the endogenous plasmid ofChlamydia trachomatis and from the genes coding for ribosomal 16S RNA ofChlamydia psittaci were used as primers and oligonucleotide probes for detection of chlamydiae by the polymerase chain reaction. The endogenous plasmid primers generated specific amplified products of 517 bp with all knownChlamydia trachomatis serovars. No specific products ofChlamydia psittaci andChlamydia pneumoniae could be detected using these primers. With the rRNA primers specific amplified products of 208 bp were generated withChlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis andChlamydia pneumoniae. No specific amplified products were detected with DNA isolated from a variety of microorganisms from the urogenital and the respiratory tract. Of 156 clinical specimens used for evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction, 26 were found to be positive forChlamydia trachomatis on culture. All 26 culture positive samples were also found to be positive forChalmydia trachomatis DNA by the polymerase chain reaction with both primer sets. Two culture negative samples were also found to be positive by this technique. The polymerase chain reaction thus seems to be a sensitive and reliable method for detection ofChlamydia trachomatis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01967500
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the polymerase chain reaction to study the relationship between human papillomavirus infections and cervical cancer (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 10 (1991), S. 714-727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although it is now evident that human papillomaviruses (HPV) are strongly associated with cervical cancer, their etiological role in the oncogenesis of this disease is still unknown. However, HPV screening may identify women at risk of acquiring this disease. With the recent development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), it has become possible to detect small numbers of human papillomavirus genomes in clinical samples. The sensitivity and specificity of this technique, together with the possibility of performing the test on crude cervical scrapes, makes PCR the method of choice for screening. In this paper, data on the detection of human papillomavirus by PCR are presented and the applicability of this technique for the screening of human papillomavirus genotypes is evaluated. The question arises whether screening for diagnostic purposes must include all the human papillomavirus types associated with infections of the genital tract or only those which are strongly associated with cervical cancer (HPV 16 and HPV 18). It is proposed that an international council must be created that is responsible for standardised epidemiological screening strategies and follow-up programmes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972496
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiological survey of an outbreak of multiresistantSerratia marcescens by PCR-fingerprinting (1995)
    Springer
    Infection 23 (1995), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Beschrieben wird der genotypische Nachweis einerSerratia marcescens-Epidemie auf einer Intensivstation mittels random-amplified polymerase chain finger-printing (RAPD-PCR). Bestimmt wurde der Genotyp von 43 multiresistentenS. marcescens-Stämmen, die zwischen Mai und November 1993 von 27 kolonisierten/infizierten Intensivpatienten isoliert wurden. Zudem wurden 43 Isolate ohne Bezug zur Epidemie typisiert. Mittels PCR-Fingerprinting wurden unter den epidemischen Isolaten 10 Genotypen identifiziert. Ein Genotyp wurde bei insgesamt 21 der 43 Isolate, bzw. 11 der 27 Patienten gefunden, inklusive bei 7 von 8 Patienten der thoraxchirurgischen Intensivstation. Dieser Genotyp wurde nicht unter den Kontrollisolaten nachgewiesen. In unserer Studie erwies sich RAPD-PCR als gut diskriminierende und reproduzierbare Methode zur epidemiologischen Aufklärung von nosokomialenS. marcescens-Ausbrüchen.
    Notes: Summary During an outbreak ofSerratia marcescens from May to November 1993 43 strains obtained from 27 ICU patients infected or colonized with multiresistantS. marcescens were genotypically characterized with random amplified polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR)-fingerprinting. In addition, 43 epidemiologically unrelated control isolates were selected. PCR-fingerprinting identified ten different genotypes ofS. marcescens among the outbreak related strains. One predominant genotype was demonstrated in 21/43 isolates of 11/27 patients. A cluster of this genotype was found in seven/eight patients on the cardiosurgical ICU. The epidemiologically unrelated strains all showed different genotypes as compared to the predominant type. This survey proved RAPD-PCR to be a highly discriminatory and reproducible method for epidemiological studies ofS. marcescens strains in nosocomial outbreaks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716283
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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