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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum ascrobic acid levels in men aged 55-75 years: Association to selected social factors and biochemical parameters
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 15 (1992), S. 257-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4943
    Keywords: New Risk Factors (NRF) Survey ; blood cadmium content ; blood lead content ; hypovitaminosis C ; serum ascorbic acid content ; smoking habit
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4943(05)80025-1
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twenty-five year mortality from coronary heart disease and its prediction in two Croatian cohorts of middle-aged men (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 11 (1995), S. 259-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Coronary heart disease ; Mortality ; Prediction ; Risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two cohorts of men aged 40–59 in geographically defined areas of Croatia, former Yugoslavia, were enrolled in 1958 and cardiovascular risk factors were measured. The cohort of Dalmatia, on the Adriatic coast, was made up of 671 men (participation rate 98%), that of Slavonia, in the inland plain, of 696 men (participation rate 91%). Similar examinations were repeated 5 and 10 years after the entry one. A complete follow-up for vital status and causes of death was run for 25 years. Death rates in 25 year from coronary heart disease (CHD) were 90 per 1000 in Dalmatia and 148 per 1000 in Slavonia where also all other major causes of death and all-cause mortality rates were higher (642 vs 465 per 1000 in 25 years). Univariate and multivariate analysis relating ten risk factors to CHD mortality, showed that age and systolic blood pressure were significant predictors in Dalmatia; age, subscapular skinfold and body mass index (inverse) in Slavonia; and age, systolic blood pressure and subscapular skinfold in a multivariate model with lumped cohorts, where dummy variables identifying cohorts indicated a large unexplained extra-risk in Slavonia. In the pooled analysis cigarette smoking and serum cholesterol carried non significant coefficients. Blood pressure change in the first 10 years of follow-up added predictivity to a model exploring the delayed CHD morality occurring between year 10 and 25 of follow-up. Among the base-line mea surements only serum cholesterol was significantly different between the two groups (188 mg/dl in Dalmatia and 199 mg/dl in Slavonia). The method for covariance adjustment of rates based on the logistic regression was able to explain only 9% of the difference in CHD mortality between the two cohorts using the available risk factors. Dietary habits, measured only on subsamples, add some explanation in CHD mortality difference between the two cohorts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01719429
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inter and intea-observer variation in ultrasonographic detection of gallstones: The Multicenter Italian Study on Epidemiology of Cholelithiasis (M.I.COL.) (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 5 (1989), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Reliability ; Ultrasonography ; Gallstones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Inter and intea-observer agreement in classifying the presence of gallstones by ultrasonographic images according to established criteria was studied. A film recording of 50 routine ultrasonographic examinations of the gallbladder was read by each of the 46 observers who participated in the Multicenter Italian Study on Epidemiology of Cholelithiasis (M.I.COL.). The overall Kappa score for inter-observer agreement was 0.649, while intea-observer agreement was “good” or “excellent” (Kappa scores 〉0.60) in 75% of the observers. No statistical difference for inter-observer agreement between “novices” and “expert” echographers was found in the overall Kappa statistic or in category-specific Kappa scores (gallstone, no gallstone, doubtful and inconclusive examinations) The present study suggests that the development of explicit criteria by a group of trained echographers does not eliminate inter-and intea-observer disagreement in categorizing subjects for gallbladder stones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00145045
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inter-cohort differences in coronary heart disease mortality in the 25-year follow-up of the seven countries study (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 9 (1993), S. 527-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Coronary heart disease ; Risk factors ; Population comparison
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sixteen cohorts of men aged 40–59 years at entry were examined with the measurement of some risk factors and then followed-up for mortality and causes of death for 25 years. These cohorts were located in the USA (1 cohort), Finland (2), the Netherlands (1), Italy (3), the former Yugoslavia (5), Greece (2), and Japan (2), and included a total of 12,763 subjects. Large differences in age-adjusted coronary heart disease (CHD) death rates were found, with extremes of 45 per 1000 in 25 years in Tanushimaru, Japan, to 288 per 1000 in 25 years in East Finland. In general, higher rates were found in the US and Northern European cohorts as compared to the Southern European and Japanese cohorts. However, during the last 10 years of follow-up large increases of CHD death rates were found in some Yugoslavian areas. Out of 5 measured entry characteristics treated as age-adjusted levels (serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, body mass index and physical activity at work), only serum cholesterol was significant in explaining cohort differences in CHD death rates. Over 50% of the variance in CHD death rates in 25 years was accounted for by the difference in mean serum cholesterol. This association tended to decline with increasing length of follow-up, but this was due to the great changes in mean serum cholesterol in the two Jugoslavian cohorts of Velika Krsna and Zrenjanin. When these two cohorts were excluded the association increased with time. Changes in mean serum cholesterol between year 0 and 10 helped in explaining differences in CHD death rates from year 10 onward. It can be concluded that this study suggests that mean serum cholesterol is the major risk factor in explaining cross-cultural differences in CHD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209531
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predicting all causes mortality in the general population as a function of blood pressure and smoking habits measured in population samples: A pilot study (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 8 (1992), S. 34-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: All causes mortality ; Multivariate analysis ; Risk functions ; Prediction ; Epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nine population samples of mean aged 40–59, for a total of 1777 individuals drawn from nine health units, were examined in 1978–79 for the measurement of some risk factors possibly related to total mortality. The analysis evaluated the possible relationship between blood pressure levels and smoking habits measured in the population samples and the official death rates covering the period 1980–82 in the health units from which the samples were drawn. The analysis was conducted in a direct way but also by the help of a risk function linking blood pressure and smoking habits as obtained from another Italian population sample. The cograduation test between mean blood pressure in the nine areas and total mortality was 0.58 (linear correlation 0.57); the cograduation test was-0.70 for non-smokers, 0.62 for ex-smokers, 0.50 for present smokers (linear correlation of-0.27, 0.29, and 0.14 respectively). The death rates estimated by the risk function (Cox model) tended to overestimate the death rates from 5 to 64% (average 36.3%). The cograduation test between expected and observed death rates was 0.56 (linear correlation coefficient 0.66). Some limitations of this pilot study are largely explained by the small size of the sample and by the need to use a risk function provided by another population sample.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02427389
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Life expectancy in Italian track and field athletes (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 6 (1990), S. 257-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Athletes ; Life expectancy ; Mortality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nine hundred eighty-three top Italian track and field athletes (700 males and 283 females) were examined for survival, mortality and causes of death for an average follow-up period of 18.6 years starting from their last year of competition as members of the national team. Overall mortality rates were compared to the rates expected on the basis of the life tables for Italian people of the same age, sex and time period. Thirty-four deaths were observed among males (vs 46.6 expected) with a O/E ratio of 0.73, while 3 deaths were observed among women (vs 6.2 expected) with a O/E ratio of 0.48. Neither of these differences was significant, but the O/E ratio for the group as a whole was quite significant (p = 0.0296). Some of the athletes demonstrated behavioural characteristics developed during their active careers that might have contributed to their low mortality rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00150429
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prediction of coronary heart disease in different population samples (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 8 (1992), S. 521-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Coronary heart disease ; Prediction ; Risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two population samples of men aged 46–65 years were examined for the measurement of some cardiovascular risk factors and followed up for 6.5 years. The two groups were: 1) 3338 men belonging to occupational groups examined in Rome (ROG) in 1979–81 and 2) 1543 men belonging to two demographic samples of rural areas located in northern and central Italy (IRA) examined in 1965. In men free from previous myocardial infarction the rate of fatal coronary events was 18.0 in the ROG group and 17.5 per 1000 in the IRA group. Five established risk factors (age, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, cigarette consumption and body mass index) were used in a multivariate model for predicting coronary deaths. The coefficients of the multiple logistic function were similar in the two populations group. However, when the IRA coefficients were applied to the ROG factors, they predicted 43 events instead of 58 (under-estimation of 26%; p 〈 0.05), whereas the ROG coefficients predicted 31 events instead of 26 in the IRA sample (over-estimation of 19%; p = n.s.). A model which included the pool of the two populations and a dummy-variable for the identification of each of them, suggested that being a member of the ROG group is accompained, everything else being equal, by an extra risk of 26%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146370
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spirometric prediction equations for male Italians 7–18 years of age (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 12 (1996), S. 263-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Spirometric prediction ; Vital capacity ; Italian boys (7–18 years)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop spirometric predictive equations (SPE) for forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and maximum midexpiratory flow (MMF25-75) derived from a large sample of healthy italian boys and male adolescents. We used the univariate and multiple linear regression models and considered as independent variables age and the following anthropometric measurements: height, weight, chest circumference. The predictive power of multivariate models was slightly higher than that of the univariate model using height as independent variable for FVC, FEV 1 and MMF25-75.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00145416
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coronary heart disease prevention: Relationship between socio-economic status and knowledge, motivation and behaviour in a free-living male, adult population (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 7 (1991), S. 166-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Social classes ; Coronary heart disease ; Prevention ; Behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A questionnaire concerning knowledge, motivation and behaviour connected with coronary heart disease (CHD) prevention was administered to 6074 men aged 46 yrs, residents of Rome. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate whether differences exsisted between three socio-economic (SE) classes arbitrarily defined as medium-high (MH), intermediate (I), and medium-low (ML). Knowledge on CHD and its prevention was more satisfactory in the MH class than in the ML class. The same was observed for attitudes toward prevention (the NM class demonstrated more attention to prevention than ML class). Data were less straightforward for behaviour, which seemed to be dependent on both economic status and education. In fact the MH class claimed to smoke less than ML class, to spend more leisure time in physical activity and to check blood pressure and serum cholesterol more often. Their diets, however, were more expensive and rich than those of the ML class. By contrast the ML class, when compared to MH class, seemed to drink more alcoholic beverages and to be heavier, but they walked more and their diet resembled more closely the Mediterranean one. Altogether, in this study population, the highest social class seemed to be associated with better behaviours toward CHD prevention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237361
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 25 year estimated probability of death from some specific causes as a function of twelve risk factors in middle aged men (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 4 (1988), S. 60-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Risk factors ; Mortality ; Causes of death ; Multivariate analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twelve risk factors previously identified as predictors of all causes of death in a 25-year follow-up of a sample of 1530 men aged 40–59 at entry, have been tested as predictors of specific causes of death. They were age (AGE), mean blood pressure (MBP), cigarette smoking (CIG), forced expiratory volume (FEV), arm circumference (ARM), father-life status (FHAS), mother-life status (MHOS), shoulder-pelvis ratio (SPR), vital capacity (VC), arcus senilis (ARCS), serum cholesterol (CHOL) and xantelasma (XANT). Using the proportional hazards model and considering coronary heart diseases, strokes, cancers, violent deaths, and other causes as end-points, AGE and MBP were significant predictors for all conditions, including violent deaths. CIG predicted coronary heart disease, stroke and cancer; FEV, VC, and ARM were protective for all end-points but significant only for a few of them. FHAS and MHOS were positively associated with all end-points but significant only for a few of them. ARCS and XANT were predictive for only a few conditions and, surprisingly, XANT was a significant risk factor for cancer. Finally CHOL was specifically predictive only for coronary heart disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00152694
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