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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blood-brain barrier ; Immunohistochemistry ; Astrocyte ; Epilepsy ; Hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human serum albumin-like immunoreactivity was detected by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method in histological sections of the hippocampus from epileptic and control brains obtained on routine autopsies. In the hippocampi of epileptic patients immunoreactive astrocytes were found, the number of which was increasing with the severity of the manifest convulsions. The highest numbers of immunoreactive astrocytes were observed in those patients who died in status epilepticus. Hippocampi from control patients with no neurologic disorders in life were devoid of immunoreactive astrocytes. The results are discussed in terms of the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier during epileptic seizures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 61 (1983), S. 85-94 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Acute seizure ; Neuronal shrinkage ; Dendritic swelling ; Synapses ; Aminopyridines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acute focal seizures were produced in anaesthetized albino rats by topical application of 3- and 4-aminopyridine on the exposed fronto-parietal neocortical areas. After 15 min of seizure activity neuronal and glial changes were studied by light (toluidine blue and Golgi staining) and electron microscopy. Shrinkage and increased electron density of some pyramidal cells, astrocytic swelling and depletion of 40–60 nm synaptic vesicles from the nerve terminals in layers I, II and III were found. The possible significance of the alterations in the seizure is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Aminopyridines ; Electrophysiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Autoradiography ; Epilepsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Focal seizure was induced in rat and cat neocortex by the topical application of aminopyridines. The epileptic character of the focal events was followed by surface and intracellular recordings of seizure activity. The pathologic alterations in the neurons, the glial cells, and the protein permeability of the neocortical blood vessels were investigated by means of light microscopy, using standard histological stainings and immunohistochemical detection of endogenous serum albumin. Diffusion of [3H] 4-aminopyridine in the neocortex was studied by light-microscopic autoradiography. The spreading of the neuropathologic changes strictly followed the diffusion of the tritiated compound, suggesting the gradual involvement of neocortical layers in the seizure process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 870-871 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural effects of the convulsant 3-aminopyridine were studied. It was found that astrocytic processes suffered swelling, while pyramidal cells underwent shrinkage and condensation in the 2nd and 3rd layers of rat cerebral cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 54 (1984), S. 385-389 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Synaptosome ; 4-Aminopyridine ; Ultrastructure ; Exocytosis ; Recycling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pinched-off nerve terminals (synaptosomes) from rat cerebral cortex were depolarized with 60 mM KCl and treated with 20 mM 4-aminopyridine in order to evaluate ultrastructural alterations. The empty presynaptic terminals were counted and their number was given as a percentage of the normal terminals. The proportion of empty terminals increased from 10.47±1.56% to 32.45±1.88% (P 〈 0.001) following treatment with 20 mM 4-aminopyridine. This effect of 4-aminopyridine depended on the presence of Ca++ in the incubation medium. The results are discussed in terms of facilitation by 4-aminopyridine of exocytotic transmitter release. We think that the increase of the empty synaptosomes was due to the exhaustion or inhibition of the synaptic vesicle recycling mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 79 (1990), S. 59-67 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Aminopyridine ; naltrexone ; opiate receptors ; seizure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of a pharmacological blockade of the mu opiate receptors on the manifestation of tonic-clonic seizures were investigated in freely moving animals. 4-aminopyridine, a specific blocker of the neuronal K+ channels was used to produce generalized convulsions. After pretreatment of adult rats with 1 mg/kg naltrexone HCl, 3, 5, 7, 9, 14 mg/kg 4-aminopyridine was injected intraperitoneally, and the latencies of the symptoms generated by 4-aminopyridine were measured. Naltrexone HCl decreased these latencies and enhanced the seizures significantly. The experiments provided further evidence for the existence of a tonic anticonvulsant opioid system in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 90 (1988), S. 185-193 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In view of the importance of calcium in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), experiments were carried out to localize calcium at the electron microscopic level in the CA1 region of guinea pig hippocampal slices, following high-frequency stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals. Apart from the ultrastructural localization, a semiquantitative method was used to count the calcium-containing deposits in electron micrographs. Significantly more calcium-containing deposits were seen in the dendrites of the stratum radiatum in slices with LTP than in those without it. A moderate increase of the extradendritic deposits was observed, too. The calcium content of the deposits was determined by means of EGTA incubation and X-ray analysis. The presented results, together with the relevant literature data, underline the importance of calcium-activated processes in postsynaptic structures probably involved in the generation of LTP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 409-416 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Spinal cord ; Regeneration ; Rolando substance ; Cobalt-complex ATP ; Fluoride resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary ATP, the energy source for axoplasmic transport, is indispensable for the transport of nerve growth factor (NGF). NGF regulates the regeneration of central processes of the primary sensory neurons, by means of transganglionic regulatory mechanisms. This central regeneration was investigated with the help of the histochemical detection of fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP), one of the marker enzymes of the primary nociceptive neurons. Transganglionic degenerative atrophy (TDA) of the central terminals of primary sensory neurons was induced with sciatic nerve crush. Dynamics of central regeneration was studied in rats treated with a cobalt-ATP complex, and with commercially available Na-ATP, respectively, by means of histochemical detection of the restitution of FRAP activity in the Rolando substance. Disappearance of FRAP activity was complete on the 6th postoperative day in the medial two-thirds of the upper dorsal horn in segments L2–L6. The regeneration (i.e. replenishment of FRAP activity) began on the 14th day and was complete by the 31st day in animals treated with cobalt-ATP, while in the animals treated with Na-ATP the replenishment of FRAP activity began on the 20th day and was complete only by the 60th day. It is concluded that the cobalt-ATP-complex significantly enhances central regeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 88 (1988), S. 485-487 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We present a modification of Hansson's method for the demonstration of carbonic anhydrase activity. Using a semipermeable membrane together with a fluid incubation medium, frozen sections of aldehyde-fixed tissue were incubated without floating or dipping. Thin sections (thickness, 20–40 μm) were mounted on the outer surface of a tubularshaped, semipermeable cellophane dialysis membrane containing the incubation fluid. After incubation for 25–30 min at room temperature, the sections were rinsed in buffer and treated with 0.5% (NH4)2S solution. The histochemical reaction was fully inhibited by 10−4 M acetazolamide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 96 (1991), S. 99-105 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cellular raf-1 protooncogene encodes a cytoplasmic serine/threonine protein kinase; raf-1 is expressed not only in tumour cells, but also in normal brain tissue. However, the substrate of raf-1 kinase is unknown and its function is still hypothetical. In cell cultures, mitogen stimulation may alter its properties, including its kinase activity and subcellular distribution. The aims of the present study were: (1) light- and electron microscopic immunohistochemical localization of raf-1 kinase in hippocampal slices; (2) the follow-up of the possible changes in localization and detectability during the in vitro maintenance and low-frequency stimulation. Our results suggested the induction of neuronal raf-1 kinase during the in vitro maintenance. The possibilities of increased transcription and enzyme activation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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