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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The timing of fetal B cell hyperplasia in diabetic rat pregnancy (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 19 (1980), S. 54-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Rat fetus ; B cell differentiation ; pancreatic insulin ; maternal diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fetal pancreatic development was measured in terms of total organ DNA and insulin concentration (ng/μg DNA) in the offspring of rats made mildly diabetic by intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection (60 mg/kg) on the first and second day of life. On day 20 the mean pancreatic insulin concentration of fetuses of diabetic mothers was significantly higher than that of controls (27.8 versus 20.8 ng/μg DNA) but no significant difference was observed on day 18 (4.47 versus 4.68 ng/μg DNA), day 16 (0.64 versus 0.77 ng/μg DNA) or day 14 (0.04 versus 0.03 ng/μg DNA). No significant difference in total pancreatic DNA was observed between test and control animals on day 14, 16, 18 or 20 of gestation. It is concluded that maternal streptozotocin diabetes alters the development of the differentiated fetal B cell (20 days) but has no effect on the protodifferentiated B cell (14 days), or during the period of secondary transition (16–18 days).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00258312
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased somatomedin and cartilage metabolic activity in rabbit fetuses injected with insulin in utero (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 19 (1980), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Rabbit fetus ; insulin ; somatomedin activity ; cartilage growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of insulin injection in fetal rabbits on plasma somatomedin activity and cartilage metabolism was investigated. One fetus in each of 12 litters was injected with 1 unit of insulin zinc suspension subcutaneously on day 27 of gestation and a control fetus was injected with the same volume of 0.154 mol/l saline. The litter was delivered by caesarean section on day 29 and each fetus identified. Plasma somatomedin activity was determined by fetal rabbit cartilage bioassay. Costal cartilage from individual fetuses was incubated in medium containing [3H]thymidine or [35S]sulphate as indicators of cell replication and matrix synthesis respectively. Individual values for somatomedin activity or cartilage isotope uptake were ranked within a litter. In each case the rank in the litter of the insulin-injected fetus, but not the saline-injected fetus, was significantly higher than the mean rank of the litter. Insulin did not stimulate cartilage metabolism in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421861
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypoglycin stimulates insulin secretion (1977)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 13 (1977), S. 637-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Hypoglycin ; insulin secretion ; rabbit pancreas ; glucose ; radioimmunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hypoglycin A (0.01–1.0 mmol/l) stimulated insulin release from pieces of rabbit pancreas in vitro in the presence or absence of extracellular glucose. The relevance of this finding to the hypoglycaemia of Jamaican vomiting sickness is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01236319
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raised plasma somatomedin activity and cartilage metabolic activity (35S sulphate uptake in vitro) in the fetus of the mildly diabetic pregnant rat (1982)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 23 (1982), S. 270-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Rat fetus ; streptozotocin ; insulin ; pancreas ; somatomedin ; growth ; cartilage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A mildly diabetic state was induced in pregnant rats following treatment with streptozotocin the day after mating. On day 21 of gestation, these rats had a lower plasma insulin (55±9 versus 107±23 mU/l for control rats; p〈0.05, mean ±SEM) and a reduced pancreatic area occupied by insulincontaining cells compared with control animals (0.40±0.04 versus 1.03±0.08%; p〈0.001), but hyperglycaemia was not apparent. Fetuses from mildly diabetic animals were longer but not heavier than those from control rats. Plasma somatomedin activity measured by fetal rat cartilage bioassay was higher in fetuses from mildly diabetic rats (1.12±0.07 versus: 0.74±0.05 U/ml for control fetuses; p〈0.001) as was cartilage metabolic activity in basal culture medium (35S sulphate uptake) (1 883±141 versus 1473±104 c.p.m./mg for control rats; p〈0.05), but plasma insulin levels and the pancreatic area occupied by insulin-containing cells did not differ between the two groups of fetuses. Fetal plasma somatomedin activity, measured by fetal cartilage assay, showed a significant positive correlation with both body weight and length. It is concluded that by day 21 of gestation a small body overgrowth had occurred in the fetus of the mildly diabetic rat and this was associated with an increase in plasma somatomedin activity, but not with any abnormality of circulating insulin levels or volume density of B cells in the pancreatic islets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252854
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unexpectedly high peak expiratory flow rates in normal Greek children (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 141 (1983), S. 46-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Peak expiratory flow rates ; Children ; Greece
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and standing height (Ht) were measured in 522 healthy Greek children aged 7–16 years. The regression equation of PEFR on height in centimetres was PEFR=5.34 Ht-380.8. This demonstrated markedly higher values for PEFR in Greek children compared to previously published data from other countries. A sample of 339 British children was examined similarly. The regression equation of PEFR on height in centimetres was PEFR=5.64 Ht-472.5. This was similar to previously published data. No cause for this discrepancy was found after close examination of population sampling, measurement error or calibration error in the Greek study. It is therefore concluded that Greek children appear to have an unexpectedly high PEFR for height.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445668
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between endocrine and paracrine peptides in prenatal growth control (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 146 (1987), S. 113-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Prenatal growth ; Nutrition ; Insulin ; Placental lactogen ; Tissue growth factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The evidence reviewed here shows that the endocrinology of fetal growth is very different from that operating postnatally. Pituitary hormones play little part in stimulating growth of the lean body mass or skeleton although growth hormone (GH) may be involved, in some as yet ill defined way in the ontogeny of the fetal pancreatic islet and insulin secretion. Insulin is important because it stimulates fetal cellular anabolism but acts in a permissive manner: with too little insulin growth is inhibited, with too much growth proceeds at a genetically predetermined rate. Placental lactogen (PL), or other peptides within the GH/PL family, may act as a true growth-promoting hormone in the fetus; it stimulates both cellular metabolism and mitosis. The part played by endocrine control mechanisms in the fetus is set in context by an appreciation of the importance of locally acting tissue growth factors, and in particular the somatomedins. Their part in fetal growth control is intimately bound up with the plane of nutrition experienced by the fetus. It is concluded that the simplest analysis that makes biological sense involves a consideration of hormones, tissue growth factors and nutrition, not hierarchically but as mutually interacting variables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02343214
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abdominal nocardiosis in a Sudanese girl (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 140 (1983), S. 135-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Nocardia infection ; Primary abdominal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A Sudanese girl became desperately ill with liver and kidney abscesses due to Nocardia asteroides. She did not have pulmonary or cutaneous infection. She recovered after surgical drainage of the abscesses and prolonged treatment with intravenous amikacin and high dosage cotrimoxazole and sulphadimidine. After recovery normal neutrophil function, cell-mediated and humoral immunity were demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441664
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NEONATAL MORTALITY OF BREECH DELIVERIES WITH AND WITHOUT FORCEPS TO THE AFTERCOMING HEAD (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 82 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A retrospective study of 1423 liveborn breech deliveries occurring in one hospital from 1964 to 1973 inclusive showed that application of forceps to the aftercoming head of infants between 1 and 3 kg birth weight was associated with a significant reduction in neonatal mortality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1975.tb00573.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN ANALYSIS OF BIRTH WEIGHT BY GESTATIONAL AGE OF INFANTS BORN IN ENGLAND AND WALES, 1967 TO 1971 (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 81 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: From a sample of 271,519 births occurring in England and Wales from 1967 to 1971 tables have been prepared describing the relationship of birth weight to gestational age, subdivided by the sex of the infant and parity of the mother. The sample was composed of single babies born live in National Health Service (NHS) hospitals at gestational ages of 28 to 44 weeks and they comprised approximately 8.5 per cent of all such births occurring in NHS hospitals during the study period. No secular trend in birth weight was observed. The distribution of birth weights at a given gestational age was normal above 36 weeks but skewed or bi-modal in preterm infants. The non-normal distribution of preterm infants could be described accurately in terms of a mixture of two normal distributions with different mean values but the same standard deviation. The population with the higher mean birth weight comprised approximately one-third of the observations each week between 28 and 34 weeks but was only 0.79 per cent of all births. The mean birth weight varied between 3.10 and 3.37 kg. equivalent to that of term infants of 38 to 39 weeks' gestation. The sex ratio was similar to that of term infants. The sex ratio (the number of single male infants born alive for every 100 female infants) of the population with the lower mean birth weight rose with increasing prematurity and was 127.9 between 28 and 34 weeks. It is concluded that the population of infants with the higher mean birth weight is composed mainly of pregnancies in which the length of gestation was mistaken. The error in gestational age is not a multiple of months but is continuously distributed. These pregnancies form a small fraction of all births but an important fraction of preterm births.Tables of mean birth weight (±1SD), prepared after correction for the nonnormal distribution of preterm birth weights, gave results which were similar to those reported earlier for infants born in Aberdeen. Male infants were heavier than females and infants of multiparae heavier than infants of primiparae at most gestational ages. Centile tables have been prepared for male and female infants which may be useful to those who wish to monitor the birth weights of infants born in England and Wales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1974.tb00414.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of calcium and magnesium in insulin secretion from rabbit pancreas studied in vitro (1967)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 3 (1967), S. 47-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Calcium ; Magnesium ; Insulin ; Secretion Rabbit ; Pancreas ; Foetus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le glucose, le glucagon, le tolbutamide et la L-leucine stimulent la libération d'insuline par le pancréas de lapin étudié in vitro. Cette stimulation n'a pas lieu lorsque le milieu d'incubation est préparé sans calcium. L'absence de magnésium n'a pas d'effet sur la sécrétion insulinique stimulée par le glucose, alors que le magnésium à la concentration de 10mM exerce un effet inhibiteur. La concentration optimale du calcium extracellulaire pour la sécrétion insulinique est de 2.64 mM. La stimulation de la sécrétion insulinique par le glucose est également supprimée par l'absence de calcium pour le pancréas de foetus de lapin âgé de 27 jours.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Freisetzung von Insulin aus Kaninchen-Pankreas in vitro wird durch Glucose, Glucagon, Tolbutamid oder L-Leucin stimuliert. In allen diesen Fällen bleibt die Stimulation in Abwesenheit von Calcium in Inkubationsmedium aus. In Abwesenheit von Magnesium stimulierte Glucose die Insulinsekretion weiter, währenddem eine Erhöhung der Magnesiumkonzentration auf 10 mM deutlich hemmend wirkte. Die optimale Sekretion von Insulin erfolgte bei einer Calciumkonzentration von 2.64 mM. In Abwesenheit von Calcium wurde die Freisetzung von Insulin auch aus dem Pankreas von 27 Tage alten Foeten gehemmt.
    Notes: Summary Glucose, glucagon, tolbutamide and L-leucine stimulated insulin secretion from rabbit pancreas studiedin vitro. In each case stimulation was inhibited by omitting calcium from the incubation medium. The omission of magnesium had no effect on glucose stimulated insulin secretion but 10 mM magnesium inhibited secretion. Optimal secretion of insulin occurred at an extracellular calcium concentration of 2.64 mM. The omission of calcium inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreas of 27 day rabbit foetuses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01269910
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