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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modèle de détection rapide des effets sublétaux des polluants. II. Un exemple in situ: anomalie métabolique du copépode hyponeustonique Anomalocera patersoni en coïncidence avec une marée noire (1981)
    Springer
    Marine biology 64 (1981), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An unusual correlation has been observed between the amylase and trypsin content of a natural zooplankton population and of the hyponeustonic copepod Anomalocera patersoni and the oil spill of the “Amoco Cadiz” in 1978. This anomaly has also been observed in Artemia sp. cultures (San Francisco Bay strain) poisoned by copper. This phenomenon could originate from a general physiological perturbation. Such a non-specific perturbation could explain the anormal correlation between parameters which are usually independent and specifically regulated. The determination of such anomalous regulation could lead to detection of the sublethal effect of pollutants in the field. The method requires no prior knowledge of the area and can be applied for detection of a new perturbation; in fact, if organisms adapt to the new conditions, the anomaly disappears. The method has enabled physiological perturbations of zooplankton to be recorded 1 yr after the “Amoco Cadiz” oil spill. The hyponeustonic copepod Anomalocera patersoni was particularly perturbed, even at residual hydrocarbon concentrations usually considered by chemists as approaching normal values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394078
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of algal diet on digestive enzyme activity in Calanus helgolandicus (1986)
    Springer
    Marine biology 90 (1986), S. 353-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Adult female Calanus helgolandicus were transferred, immediately after collection in the English Channel in June 1984, to two unialgal diets one of which, the flagellate Cryptomonas maculata, was rich in starch, while the other, the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii, contained no starch. The activity of the digestive enzymes amylase, trypsin and laminarinase was measured in these two populations under foodsaturating conditions over an acclimation period of eight days. Ingestion rates were measured on a daily basis and the results confirmed, together with a constant level of body protein, that the experimental conditions were above the incipient limiting concentration. In the long-term (4 to 8 d), the activities of all three enzymes were significantly elevated in the C. maculata-fed copepods, whereas ingestion rates were lower than those on T. weissflogii. These results observed under food-saturating conditions indicate a compensatory mechanism between digestive enzymes and the substrate ingested. They are consistent with previous work on Artemia sp. suggesting that the rate of assimilation is a function of the digestive enzyme activity and ingestion rate. Enzyme activity exhibited differing shortterm responses (〈48 h) on transfer to the two algal diets, which are interpreted in relation to the in situ activity of the field population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428559
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotides in bivalves: Extraction and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and 93 (1989), S. 307-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-0491
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0305-0491(89)90086-2
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide composition and energy charge in growing and starving zoea I of Carcinus maenas (Decapoda: portunidae)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and 96 (1990), S. 405-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-0491
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0305-0491(90)90396-B
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of monospecific algal diets on growth and fatty acid composition of Pecten maximus (L.) larvae
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 173 (1993), S. 163-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0981
    Keywords: Development ; Fatty acid ; Larva ; Nutrition ; Pecten maximus
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(93)90051-O
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vitamin requirements in great scallop larvae (1996)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 4 (1996), S. 315-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Great scallop Pecten maximus ; Microalgae ; Nutrition ; Vitamins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Vitamins were analysed in food (microalgae) and larvae of great scallop, Pecten maximus, during larval development. Microalgae used to feed larvae in hatcheries show great variability in their vitamin composition depending on both the species and culture condition (phase of growth). The microalgae used to feed Pecten maximus larvae were rich in vitamins; their content compared with diets used in fish culture appeared sufficient, with the possible exceptions of pyridoxine, biotin and pantothenic acid. Vitamins in bacteria, isolated from the larval rearing tank were also analysed, as they can also contribute to the diet. Vitamin B12, α-tocopherol and Β-carotene were detected in very low concentration in bacteria; however, some bacterial strains were rich in pantothenic acid, and the pattern of other vitamins was similar to that from microalgae. The presence of bacteria can complement the diet in panthothenic acid, as it has been demonstrated that bacteria are ingested by larvae. The vitamin content of Pecten maximus larvae was analysed from the second day after hatching to just before metamorphosis. The content of some vitamins, ascorbic acid (C), α-tocopherol and Β-carotene, increased during larval development, suggesting that their requirement was satisfied. However, thiamin and riboflavin decreased during larval development and further studies, possibly using microencapsulated vitamins supplements, are needed to determine whether these vitamins are limiting during larval development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120948
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial nutrition of great scallop larvae (1996)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 4 (1996), S. 215-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Nutrition ; Great scallop (Pecten maximus) ; Larvae ; Tracer technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Bacterial nutrition of great scallop, Pecten moximus, larvae was investigated using the radioactive tracer technique. The bacterial labelling was studied initially to obtain a high and stable specific radioactivity (14C) of bacterial cells. A higher bacterial specific 14C activity was obtained when the tracer (amino acid) was introduced in the culture medium at the beginning of the exponential growth phase. After a 12 h labelling period in a rich nutritive medium, the bacteria were depurated in seawater for 5 h (chase) to prevent further 14C excretion and then added to larval rearing vessels. The larval labelling was followed for 12 h and then larvae were placed in new vessels without radioactive bacteria. The depuration of larvae was followed for 3 days. Data obtained on ingestion and assimilation efficiency show that bivalve larvae are able to ingest and digest bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00117383
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the “Amoco Cadiz” oil spill on zooplankton (1980)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 33 (1980), S. 225-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A survey of zooplankton physiology on the northern coast of Brittany (France) was carried out over a one-year period by comparing two estuarine areas, one oil-polluted area (Aber Benoit) following the oil spill by the tanker “Amoco Cadiz” and one non-oil-polluted area (Rade de Brest). A new approach to an ecological survey was made by describing trophic relationships using analysis of digestive enzyme equipment (amylase and trypsin) of zooplankton organisms, mesoplankton populations and some selected species. These measurements allowed determination of (a) groups of populations with homogeneous trophic and faunistic characteristics and (b) groups of species with homogeneous trophic characteristics. The study of the appearance of these groups over a one-year period revealed the succession of populations and their adaptation to the environment on the basis of biochemical analysis. These phenomena observed in the compared areas showed marked differences in the most polluted areas during the productive spring period. Specific treatment of the data using unusual correlations between digestive enzymes is discussed in terms of the immediate effect on the whole population and on a copepod (Anomalocera patersoni) living in the upper 10 cm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02414748
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amylase mRNA expression in Crassostrea gigas during feeding cycles (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 170 (2000), S. 21-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Key words Amylase regulation ; Digestive enzymes ; Oyster ; Feeding stimulus ; Abbreviations bp base pair ; cDNA copy DNA ; CCK cholecystokinine ; EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ; IGF insulin growth factor ; MOPS 3-[N-morpholino] propane sulfonic acid buffer ; PCR polymerase chain reaction ; pfu plaque forming unit ; SDS sodium dodecylsulfate ; SSC sodium citrate buffer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A Crassostrea gigas digestive gland copy DNA (cDNA) library constructed in the λ phage ZapII (Stratagene, La Jola, USA) was screened with an amylase heterologous probe. To get access to the complete cDNA, a polymerase chain reaction extension was conducted using DNA extracted from the phages. The complete cDNA sequence is 1688 base pairs (EMBL = Y08370). The deduced protein sequence is 519 aminoacids long with a 19 aminoacid signal peptide. Similarity with Pectenmaximus amylase is 72%. A 3-day nutrition experiment with a cyclic algal food supply was carried out. Amylase enzyme activities and mRNAs were individually measured on five animals, nine times a day. Messenger RNAs were quantified by dot hybridization using the previously characterized cDNA as probe. Variation of amylase mRNA was observed, in relation with the level of activity of the enzyme. Coordinated changes in RNA and enzyme levels suggested a possible transcriptional regulation of amylase in C. gigas as in vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003600050003
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