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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carnitine administration ameliorates the changes in energy metabolism caused by short-term pivampicillin medication (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 156 (1997), S. 795-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Pivampicillin ; Energy metabolism ; Carnitine ; Pivalate ; Fat oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ten children receiving pivampicillin for 8 days were studied. On the first 4 days the drug was given alone (4 × 500 mg/day), and on the last 4 days in combination with carnitine (4 × 1 g/day). Pivampicillin treatment was associated with formation and urinary excretion of pivaloylcarnitine and administration of carnitine aided the elimination of pivalate as its carnitine ester. The resting respiratory quotient increased from 0.86 ± 0.01 to 0.96 ± 0.01 on the 4th day of pivampicillin treatment. A shift was observed in the metabolic fuel consumption: a significant decrease was found in the amount of fats oxidized (0.31 ± 0.17 vs 1.27 ± 0.17 g · kg−1 · 24 h−1), while the utilization of carbohydrates increased (6.20 ± 0.51 vs 4.00 ± 0.50 g kg−1 · 24 h−1). Administration of carnitine decreased the respiratory quotient to 0.90 ± 0.01 on the 8th day of treatment, consumption of fats increased, and the oxidation of carbohydrates decreased. The resting energy expenditure was not affected by the treatment. Conclusion Pivampicillin treatment results in inhibited oxidation of fats as metabolic fuel. This drug effect was partially reversed by carnitine which promotes the elimination of the pivaloyl moiety from the body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050716
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food-induced thermogenesis in obese children (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 144 (1985), S. 27-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Food-induced thermogenesis ; Obesity ; Immunoreactive insulin ; Hyperinsulinaemia ; Growth hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 11 obese children aged 12.5 (±0.7) years with normal glucose tolerance and 7 lean, control children aged 11.9±0.7 years the preload resting energy expenditure and thermogenic response to a standardised meal was measured by indirect calorimetry. Preload energy expenditure was higher in obese children when expressed in absolute terms than in controls, but was not different when corrected for lean body weight. Four children with obesity of recent onset had lower food-induced thermogenesis and insulin response then seven overweight children with long-standing obesity. Food-induced thermogenesis and insulin response showed a significant positive correlation. It is concluded that food-induced thermogenesis is reduced in the early phase of childhood obesity but increased in the later phase when hyperinsulinaemia develops, pointing towards an important role of insulin in food-induced thermogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00491920
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of fasting hyperinsulinaemia on physical fitness in obese children (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 149 (1990), S. 570-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Obesity ; Physical working capacity ; Hyperinsulinaemia ; Plasma lipoproteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Treadmill stress testing was carried out according to the Bruce protocol on 14 non-hyperinsulinaemic and 11 hyperinsulinaemic obese children and on 43 age-matched controls. The obese groups were matched for body weight, body composition, physical activity and plasma lipid values. Body composition was calculated on the basis of four skinfold measurements. Exercise duration and physical working capacity corrected for body weight and lean body mass were decreased in the obese children (P〈0.01). The hyperinsulinaemic obese children had lower physical working capacities (in absolute values and when corrected for body weight and lean body mass) than the non-hyperinsulinaemic obese children (P〈0.05). The exercise period was not significantly different in the two obese subgroups. While fasting plasma insulin levels showed a significant negative correlation with exercise duration and relative physical working capacity in the obese children, the anthropometric parameters did not. It is suggested that the decreased physical fitness in obese children is further aggravated in those with hyperinsulinaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957695
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary sodium excretion: Association with hyperinsulinaemia, hypertension and sympathetic nervous system activity in obese and control children (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 895-897 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Childhood obesity ; Hypertension ; Hyperinsulinaemia ; Sodium excretion ; Norepinephrine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between 24 h urinary excretion of sodium and blood pressure, fasting plasma insulin, renin, aldosterone and serum norepinephrine concentrations in 45 obese and 15 control children. Urinary sodium excretion was significantly lower in obese subjects (1.3 ±0.6 mmol/kg/24 h,P 〈 0.01) than in controls (2.8 ± 1.3 mmol/kg/24 h). Hyperinsulinaemia did not affect sodium excretion of obese children. Plasma renin and aldosterone levels did not correlate with sodium excretion and were significantly higher in overweight children. Serum norepinephrine levels were also significantly higher in the obese group (0.66 ± 0.89 μg/100 ml) as compared to the controls (0.11 ± 0.03 μg/100 ml,P 〈0.01) and showed significant negative correlation with urinary sodium excretion (r = 0.43,P 〈 0.05).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02282841
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of obesity, age, puberty and gender on resting metabolic rate in children and adolescents (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 156 (1997), S. 376-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Resting metabolic rate  ;  Fat-free mass  ;   Fat mass  ;  Childhood obesity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During puberty fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) change quickly and these changes are influenced by sex and obesity. Since it is not completely known how these changes affect resting metabolic rate (RMR), the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of body composition, age, sex and pubertal development of postabsorptive RMR in 9.5- to 16.5-year-old obese and non-obese children. Postabsorptive RMR was measured in a sample of 371 pre- and postpubertal children comprising 193 males (116 non-obese and 77 obese) and 178 females (119 non-obese and 59 obese). RMR was assessed by indirect calorimetry using a ventilated hood system for 45 min after an overnight fast. Body composition (FFM and FM) was estimated from skinfold measurements. The mean (± SD) RMR was significantly (P 〈 0.001) lower in non-obese (males: 5600 ± 972 kJ/24h; females: 5112 ± 632 kJ/24h) than in obese (males: 7223 ± 1220 kJ/24h; females: 6665 ± 1106 kJ/24h) children. This difference became non-significant when RMR was adjusted for body composition (FFM + FM). However, the difference between the genders still remained significant (control male: 6118 ± 507, control female: 5652 ± 507, P 〈 0.001; obese male: 6256 ± 507, obese female: 5818 ± 507 kJ/24h, P 〈 0.001). The main determinant of RMR was FFM. In the whole cohort, FFM explained 79.8% of the variation in RMR, followed by age, gender and FM adding further 3.8%, 1.1% and 0.8% to the predictability of RMR, respectively. No significant contribution for study group (obese, non-obese), pubertal stage, or fat distribution was found in the regression for RMR. The adjusted value of RMR (for FFM and FM) slightly, but significantly (P 〈 0.01) decreased between the age of 10–16 years, demonstrating the important effect of age on RMR. Conclusions The resting metabolic rate of obese and control children is not different when adjusted for body composition. The main determinant of RMR is the fat-free mass, however, age, gender and fat mass are also significant factors. Pubertal development and fat distribution do not influence RMR independently from the changes in body composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050618
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic control, glycosylated haemoglobin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetic children (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 132 (1979), S. 289-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Juvenile diseases ; Diabetic control ; Glycosylated haemoglobins ; HDL-cholesterol ; Lysozymed hydrolyses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study on 28 diabetic and 38 non-diabetic children was conducted to extend information on the usefulness of HbAIa-c measurement in assessing the effectiveness of metabolic control, and to investigate to what extent HbAIa-c and blood glucose reflect changes in plasma cholesterol, especially high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Since the activities of serum lysosomal hydrolases are reported to be increased in diabetic patients, it was of interest to examine the changes in serum N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase in relation to HbAIa-c. Both fasting blood glucose and daily urinary glucose excretion were found to be positively related to HbAIa-c. The poorly controlled diabetic children exhibited the highest percentage of glycosylated haemoglobins. The total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol content—as well as the activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase in the plasma—were also found to be directly related to the proportion of HbAIa-c. The measurement of glycosylated haemoglobins thus appears to be an important and useful aid in determining the effectiveness of long term control in juvenile diabetes. The interesting findings that HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher in diabetic children than in agematched controls, and that it was positively related to the fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobins, supports recent suggestions that there is an essential difference in plasma HDL-cholesterol between juvenile and adult onst diabetes. This fraction of plasma cholesterol, which represents a negative risk factor of coronary atherosclerosis, was significantly higher in the diabetic children than in patients with adult-onset diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496852
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developing priorities for improving the urban social environment: A use of Delphi
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 9 (1975), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0038-0121
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0121(75)90038-5
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The metabolic and hormonal effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy in diabetic children (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 30-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin pump therapy ; metabolites ; hormones ; lipids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To find out whether the concurrent metabolic and hormonal abnormalities are corrected when normoglycaemia is achieved, two groups of diabetic children (newly-diagnosed and chronically-treated) were treated with insulin pumps. Fasting levels of metabolites, lipids and hormones were measured before and after 8 to 10 days of pump treatment and the immediate postprandial hormonal and metabolic changes after a test-meal were also measured. Restoration of normoglycaemia was accompanied by correction of multiple metabolic abnormalities including the normalisation of fasting plasma free insulin, growth hormone, free fatty acid, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. Plasma glucagon, however, decreased below normal, and significant hypoketonaemia developed in newly-diagnosed diabetic children. The fall in (VLDL+LDL)-cholesterol levels was accompanied by a substantial increase in HDL2-cholesterol concentration in newly-diagnosed diabetic children, whereas pump-treatment resulted in a decrease of the HDL3-cholesterol subfraction in chronically-treated diabetic children. The postprandial blood glucose and free insulin profiles were similar to that of control subjects, but there was an “abnormal” postmeal fall in plasma glucagon and free fatty acid levels. These changes together with the fasting hypoglucagonaemia and hypoketonaemia indirectly suggest that optimal glycaemic control is only achievable at the expense of “increased insulin action” despite the failure to detect peripheral hyperinsulinaemia. Furthermore, the restoration of normoglycaemia and the simultaneous normalisation of the metabolic and endocrine milieu is not entirely possible with this mode of therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279129
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infantile sialic acid storage disease diagnosed by gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy analyses of urine sample (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 20 (1997), S. 728-729 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005359417508
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