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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) ; Hirntemperatur ; Monitoring ; Ischämie ; Key words Brain ; Temperature ; Cerebrovenous ; Monitoring ; Cerebral blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Hypothermia has a considerable protective effect during brain ischemia. On the other hand small increases of brain temperature have a remarkable effect on the exacerbation of neurological damage following an ischemic event. Hyperthermia of the brain tissue after severe head injury is described. The effect of acutely increased intracranial pressure on cerebrovenous blood temperature is not described yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperature in the cerebrovenous compartment (Tcv) and changes of the CPP in an animal model of raised intracranial pressure. Methods: A thermocouple was inserted in the sagittal sinus in 9 pigs under general anesthesia. By stepwise inflating a supracerebral and infratentorial placed balloon catheter intracranial pressure (ICP) was increased and CPP concomitantly decreased. The central body temperature was measured simultaneously in the abdominal aorta (Ta) with a second thermocouple. Results: In our model th Tcv was lower than Ta at the beginning of the ICP increase. The mean difference between Ta and Tcv, (ΔTa-cv) was 0,86° C (±0,44) prior to ICP increase and 1,19° C (0,58) at the maximum ICP increase. Thus, ΔTav increased during CPP reduction. This relation was represented by an adjusted R(square) of r2=0.89 (p〈0,001). Conclusions: The CPP decrease, caused by an increasing ICP, results in changes of the cerebrovenous blood temperature. Interpreting the present results the experimental situation of a relative colder cerebral compartment in comparison to the central body temperature has to be considered. However, the results imply, that simultaneous temperature monitoring of the central body temperature and the cerebrovenpus blood temperature is an additional source of information about relative changes of the CBF.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Patienten nach einem primären Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) sind durch die Entwicklung einer sekundären Ischämie gefährdet. Die Genese des konsekutiven Abfalls der Hirntemperatur im Zusammenhang mit zerebralen Ischämien und resultierender neuronaler Schädigung ist weitgehend unbeschrieben. Auf der anderen Seite gewinnt die Überwachung der Hirntemperatur insbesondere bei Patienten nach SHT im Rahmen eines multimodalen Monitorings oder die einer kontrollierten Hypothermie zugeführt werden, zunehmend an Wichtigkeit. Ziel: Zielstellung der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, tierexperimentell zu überprüfen, ob die kontinuierliche globale Hirntemperaturmessung im zerebrovenösen Blut eine Beziehung zu Veränderungen des Cerebralen Perfusionsdrucks (CPP) aufweist und somit bei der Temperaturmessung in diesem Kompartiment eine Blutflußabhängigkeit zu beachten ist. Material: In 9 anästhesierten und kontrolliert beatmeten Schweinen wurde zur kontinuierlichen Temperaturmessung im Sinus sagittalis eine Temperatursonde plaziert (Tcv). Gleichzeitig wurde die zentrale Körpertemperatur in der A. abdominalis (Ta) gemessen. Die Hirndruckerhöhung erfolgte durch schrittweise Kochsalzinjektion in einen infratentoriell plazierten Fogarty Ballon Katheter. Ergebnisse: Die Hirndruckerhöhung führte bei allen Versuchstieren zu einem reproduzierbaren CPP-Abfall unterhalb 50 mm Hg: Der lineare Korrelationskoeffizient zwischen CPP und ICP betrug rmittl=0,79 (p〈0,001). In unserem Experiment fanden wir im Vergleich zur Körperkerntemperatur bereits am Beginn der Beobachtungsperiode bei allen Tieren eine niedrigere zerebrovenöse Temperatur. Die mittlere Differenz (m-ΔTa-cv) aus arterieller Temperatur (Ta) und Tcv betrug zu diesem Meßzeitpunkt 0,88° C (±0,44) und zum Zeitpunkt des maximalen Hirndrucks m-ΔTa-cv=1,19° C (±0,58). Für die nicht lineare Beziehung zwischen ΔTa-cv und CPP errechnete sich ein Bestimmtheitsmaß (r2) r2=0.89 (p〈0,001). Schlußfolgerungen: Die Temperaturmessung im zerebrovenösen Abfluß zeigte in unserem Tiermodell eine enge Beziehung zum aktuellen CPP während des Hirndruckversuchs und wird somit durch relative Änderungen des CBF beeinfluß. Diese Tatsache ist bei Temperaturmessungen zur Verlaufsbeobachtung der globalen Hirntemperatur in diesem Kompartiment zu berücksichtigen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 63 (1984), S. 83-86 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Takayasu's arteritis ; Intracranial arteries ; Fatal outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A man aged 20 with sudden onset of headaches and rapidly evolving spastic quadriparesis died within 3 weeks. Pathologic examination revealed intensive inflammation confined mainly to the adventitia of the aorta, the internal carotids, and all the major intracranial arteries. The gross changes and the lymphocytic and plasma cell nature of the inflammatory infiltrates were typical of Takayasu's arteritis. Thrombosis of the right internal carotid artery resulted in ischemic necrosis of the ipsilateral hemisphere. Quite recent thrombus occluded the left internal carotid artery. This seems to be the first case report on histologically proven extensive direct involvement of intracranial vessels in Takayasu's disease. The differential diagnostic aspects of the case are also briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 576-577 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Grasping reflex ; Heart rate ; Newborn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Heart rate changes were measured as a psychophysiological indicator during grasping reflex in 27 full-term healthy newborns at 2.5–50 h after birth. A significant heart rate deceleration accompanied the grasping response. Conclusion Reflex grasping of a mother's hand, as a component of human attachment behaviour, may have a positive calming effect on the infant's state and could have therapeutic value for high risk mother-infant dyads.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Food Quality and Preference 4 (1993), S. 109 
    ISSN: 0950-3293
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Food Control 5 (1994), S. 260 
    ISSN: 0956-7135
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Food Control 3 (1992), S. 213-217 
    ISSN: 0956-7135
    Keywords: consumer correlation ; fruit juice ; panel group ; sensory evaluation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 101 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The calculation of the uncertainty in an estimated rotation requires a parametrization of the rotation group; that is, a unique mapping of the rotation group to a point in 3-D Euclidean space, R3. Numerous parametrizations of a rotation exist, including: (1) the latitude and longitude of the axis of rotation and the angle of rotation; (2) a representation as a Cartesian vector with length equal to the rotation angle and direction parallel to the rotation axis; (3) Euler angles; or (4) unit length quaternions (or, equivalently, Cayley-Klein parameters).The uncertainty in a rotation is determined by the effect of nearby rotations on the rotated data. The uncertainty in a rotation is small, if rotations close to the best fitting rotation degrade the fit of the data by a large amount, and it is large, if only rotations differing by a large amount cause such a degradation. Ideally, we would like to parametrize the rotations in such a way so that their representation as points in R3 would have the property that the distance between two points in R3 reflects the effects of the corresponding rotations on the fit of the data. It can be shown mathematically that this is impossible, but for rotations of small angle, it can be done to close approximation by using vectors in Cartesian coordinates. Thus, we are led to parametrizing the uncertainty separately from the parametrization of the best fitting rotation. This approach results in simpler, more efficient calculations than if uncertainties are described in terms of rotation parameters (i.e., latitude, longitude, and the angle). We illustrate this with the example of equations for determining the uncertainty in a composite rotation from the uncertainties of its constituents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A microearthquake survey was conducted in the central Andes of Peru, east of the city of Lima, to study the seismicity and style of tectonic deformation of the Peruvian Andes. Although most of the stations forming the temporary seismographic network were located on the high Andes, the vast majority of the microearthquakes recorded occurred to the east of the mountain belt: on the Huaytapallana fault in the Eastern Cordillera and beneath the western margin of the sub-Andes. Thus the sub-Andes appear to be the physiographic province subject to the most intense seismic deformation. Focal depths of the crustal events in this region range generally from 15 to 35 km and some events beneath the sub-Andes appear to be as deep as 40-50 km. The fault-plane solutions of events in the sub-Andean margin show thrust faulting on steep planes oriented roughly north-south, similar to that observed in teleseismic earthquakes studied using body wave modelling. The Huaytapallana fault in the Cordillera Oriental also shows relatively high seismicity along a NE-SW trend that agrees with the fault scarp and the east-dipping nodal plane of two large earthquakes that occurred on this fault on 1969 July 24 and October 1. Microearthquakes of intermediate depth recorded during the experiment show a flat seismic zone about 25 km thick at a depth of about 100 km. This agrees with recent observations showing that beneath Peru the slab first dips at an angle of about 30° to a depth of 100 km and then flattens following a quasi-horizontal trajectory. Fault-plane solutions of intermediate-depth microearthquakes have horizontal T axes oriented east-west suggesting slab pull is the dominant force in the downgoing slab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 7 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Calibre persistent arteries come close to internal and external body surfaces without ramification or reduction of their calibre. In the stomach and jejunum they may give rise to fatal haemorrhage and in the lower lip to a chronic ulcer simulating cancer. In the present case the histological findings suggest a causal connection between an artery of persistent calibre, a chronic ulcer, and squamous cancer of the lower lip.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food quality 12 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4557
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The overall evaluation of foodstuffs and its result: the numerical description of food quality, play an increasingly important role in scientific food research, in product development and in the field of quality control in food manufacture. In view of the commonly adopted determination of food quality, the computation of the overall quality index is based on the transformation of parameters of the chosen product attributes into dimensionless values between 0 and 1 (normalization) and on their weighted summation. The total value of the weighting factors amount to 1 in every case with 0 representing the worst and 1 the best food quality. Within the framework of the adaptation a continued development of the overall quality index, different statistical methods and the pattern recognition can be readily used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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