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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LEAFY GALL FORMATION BY RHODOCOCCUS FASCIANS (2001)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 39 (2001), S. 27-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rhodococcus fascians infects a wide range of plants, initiating the formation of leafy galls that consist of centers of shoot amplification and shoot growth inhibition. R. fascians is an epiphyte but it also can establish endophytic populations. Bacterial signals involved in symptom development initiate de novo cell division and shoot meristem formation in differentiated tissues. The R. fascians signals exert activities that are distinct from mere cytokinin effects, and the evidence points to a process that adopted cytokinin biosynthetic enzymes to form derivatives with unique activity. Genes implicated in leafy gall formation are located on a linear plasmid and are subject to a highly controlling, complex regulatory network, integrating autoregulatory compounds and environmental signals. Leafy galls are considered as centers with specific metabolic features, a niche where populations of R. fascians experience a selective advantage. Such "metabolic habitat modification" might be universal for gall-inducing bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.39.1.27
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NodS is an S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that methylates chitooligosaccharides deacetylated at the non-reducing end (1995)
    Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 0EL, UK : Blackwell Scientific Publications
    Molecular microbiology 17 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In response to phenolic compounds exuded by the host plant, symbiotic Rhizobium bacteria produce signal molecules (Nod factors), consisting of lipochitooligosaccharides with strain-specific substitutions. In Azorhizobium caulinodans strain ORS571 these modifications are an O-arabinosyl group, an O-carbamoyl group, and an N-methyl group. Several lines of evidence indicate that the nodS gene located in the nodABCSUIJ operon is implicated in the methylation of Nod factors. Previously we have shown that NodS is an S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-binding protein, essential for the l-[3H-methyl]-methionine labelling of ORS571 Nod factors in vivo. Here, we present an in vitro assay showing that NodS from either A. caulinodans or Rhizobium species NGR234 methylates end-deacetylated chitooligosaccharides, using [3H-methyl]-SAM as a methyl donor. The enzymatic and SAM-binding activity were correlated with the nodS gene and localized within the soluble protein fraction. The A. caulinodans nodS gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and a glutathione-S-transferase—NodS fusion protein purified. This protein bound SAM and could methylate end-deacetylated chitooligosaccharides, but could not fully methylate acetylated chitooligosaccharides or unmethylated lipo-chitooligosaccharides. These data implicate that the methylation step in the biosynthesis pathway of ORS571 Nod factors occurs after deacetylation and prior to acylation of the chitooligosaccharides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17020387.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization of the proteinase-encoding gene, prb1, related to mycoparasitism by Trichoderma harzianum (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 8 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The soil fungus Trichoderma harzianum is a mycoparasitic fungus known for its use as a biocontrol agent of phytopathogenic fungi. Among other factors, Trichoderma produces a series of antibiotics and fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes. These enzymes are believed to play an important role in mycoparasitism. Among the hydrolytic enzymes, we have identified a basic proteinase (Prb1) which is induced by either autoclaved mycelia, fungal cell wall preparation or chitin; however, the induction does not occur in the presence of glucose. The proteinase was purified and biochemically characterized as a serine proteinase of 31 kDa and pl 9.2. Based on the sequence of three internal peptides, synthetic oligonudeotide probes were designed. These probes allowed subsequent isolation of a cDNA and its corresponding genomic clone. The deduced amino acid sequence indicates that the proteinase is synthesized as a pre-proenzyme and allows its classification as a serine proteinase. Northen analysis shows that the induction of this enzyme is due to an increase in the corresponding mRNA level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01604.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of nodSUIJ genes in Nod locus 1 of Azorhizobium caulinodans: evidence that nodS encodes a methyltransferase involved in Nod factor modification (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 9 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Azorhizobium caulinodans strain ORS571 nodu-lation genes nodSUIJ were located downstream from nodABC. Complementation data and transcriptional analysis suggest that nodABCSUIJ form a single operon. Mutants with Tn5 insertions in the genes nodS, nodU, and nodJ were delayed in nodulation of Sesbania rostrata roots and stems. The NodS amino acid sequences of ORS571, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234, contain a consensus with similarity to 5-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-utilizing methyltransferases. A naringenin-inducible nodS-dependent protein of approximately 25kDa could be cross-linked to radiolabelled SAM. By applying L-[methyl-3H]-methionine in vivo. Nod factors of ORS571, known to be N-methylated, could be labelled in wild type and nodU mutants but not in nodS mutants. Therefore, we propose that NodS is a SAM-utilizing methyltransferase involved in Nod factor synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01676.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the glycosylation pattern at the reducing end of azorhizobial Nod factors affect nodulation efficiency (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 158 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Nod factors of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 are lipo-chitooligosaccharides that at the reducing end can be unsubstituted, substituted with a l-fucosyl group, with a d-arabinose, or with both groups at the same time. These lipo-chitooligosaccharides are the compounds produced by the bacteria during the signal exchange with their host plant at the onset of the nodulation process. By the use of wild-type and mutant strains, the role of the different Nod factor glycosylations on the nodulation behavior was checked. The mere presence of the d-arabinosyl group at the reducing end of the lipo-chitooligosaccharides resulted in a higher number of nodules on roots of Sesbania rostrata, whereas the presence or absence of l-fucose had no effect. The situation is the opposite in other tropical legumes that respond to A. caulinodans ORS571: the l-fucose is the major determinant of nodulation, whereas the presence of d-arabinose is less significant. By the use of a β-glucuronidase reporter fusion, A. caulinodans ORS571 was shown to colonize nodules or nodule-like tissues induced on cowpea and bean, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12826.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Obituary Jeff Schell (1935–2003) (2003)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 423 (2003), S. 934-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...What can we learn from a soil bacterium that induces tumours in plants? This was the question that Jeff Schell set out to tackle when, in 1967, he became an associate professor of genetics at what was then called the Rijksuniversiteit Gent. Schell died on 17 April 2003. In the intervening ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/423934a
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of chimaeric genes transferred into plant cells using a Ti-plasmid-derived vector (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 303 (1983), S. 209-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Foreign genes introduced into plant cells with Ti-plasmid vectors are not expressed. We have constructed an expression vector derived from the promoter sequence of nopaline synthase, and have inserted the coding sequences of the octopine synthase gene and a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/303209a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hormonal cross-talk regulates the Arabidopsis thaliana 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene 1 in a developmental and tissue-dependent manner (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 105 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene 1 (AT-ACS1) was found to be developmentally regulated with pronounced activity in immature tissues. The effect of different hormones on this expression pattern was studied by using a transgenic line carrying the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene under control of the AT-ACS1 promoter. In addition, the level of mRNA for AT-ACS1 was assayed in different ethylene and auxin-insensitive backgrounds, as well as in an auxin homeostasis mutant by using competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results support the existence of a hormonal cross-talk involving auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene in the regulation of AT-ACS1. These hormonal controls act in a developmental and tissue-dependent manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1999.105217.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene expression associated with water-stress adaptation of rice cells and identification of two genes as hsp 70 and ubiquitin (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 82 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have isolated polyethylene glycol (PEG)-adapted rice cells that can proliferate in a medium with 20% PEG as well as in a medium with 1% NaCl. The adapted-cells overproduce a set of proteins whose roles may be associated with water-stress adaptation. To isolate genes encoding these proteins, we differentially screened a cDNA library and obtained 5 cDNA clones which showed preferential hybridization to mRNA of adapted cells. The present paper describes the pattern of expression and the sequence analysis of these 5 genes. Sequence analysis of partial cDNAs indicates that two genes encode the 70 kDa heat shock protein and the ubiquitin but the identities of the other 3 are not known. The expression of all 5 genes fluctuates slightly during the growth cycle of the PEG-adapted cells grown in the control or in the PEG-containing medium. In contrast, gene expression in the parental cells fluctuates to a much greater extent and always begins with an enhanced expression during the first day after subculture. Sub-lethal concentrations of PEG or NaCl have no immediate effect on gene expression in parental cells but NaCl may have a long term effect in enhancing the expression of two genes after 5 days. Abscisic acid (ABA) has no effect on the expression of 4 genes but suppresses the expression of one gene. The roles of these genes in water-stress adaptation of plant cells are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb02931.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The att locus of Rhodococcus fascians strain D188 is essential for full virulence on tobacco through the production of an autoregulatory compound (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 42 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ability of Rhodococcus fascians strain D188 to provoke leafy gall formation on a variety of plant species is correlated with the linear plasmid pFiD188, on which different pathogenicity loci were identified. The att locus affects the severity of symptom development on tobacco, whereas the fas locus is essential for virulence. To gain insight into the function of the att locus, sequence and expression analyses were performed. The att locus contains nine open reading frames homologous to arginine and β-lactam biosynthetic genes. att gene expression is transcriptionally induced by leafy gall extracts, but not by extracts of uninfected plants, and depends on the attR gene that encodes a LysR-type transcriptional regulator. The att locus proves to be essential for the formation of inducing factors (IFs) that are present in gall extracts. Because the induction of the fas locus also requires the presence of IFs in gall extracts, the att locus is proposed to play an important role in regulating the expression of the virulence loci of R. fascians.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02615.x
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