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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 340-341 (June 2007), p. 599-604 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Formability of tube in elevated temperature is essential data to design the warmhydroforming process parameters, such as tube diameter, forming temperature and die geometries.Since the quantitative data of forming limit can be used to predict the failure on forming process,formability data available on the FE analysis is one of the very important information for the optimumdesign. In this study, the effect of heat treatment conditions and deformation temperature on theformability was investigated for the warm hydroforming of Al6061 tube. Full annealing andT6-treatment are applied for the heat treatment of Al6061 tubes. To evaluate the hydroformability,uni-axial tensile test and bulge test were performed at temperature ranges between room temperatureand 300oC. The measured flow stresses were used as input parameters for the simulation of warmhydroforming process. The damage value and strain variation during hydroforming are analysed byFEM. A forming limit based on the ductile fracture criteria has been proposed by combining theresults of experimental and FE analysis for the estimation of formability and optimization of warmhydroforming process
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 340-341 (June 2007), p. 587-592 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Extruded aluminum alloys, which are highly versatile, have relatively modest prototypingcost, good strength and corrosion resistance. Because there is no weld seam, the circumferentialmechanical properties may be uniform and advantageous for hydroforming. However, surface defectssuch as die lines and pick-up can be generated during the extrusion especially due to imperfections onthe die surface. In this study, the extent of the crack propagation caused by die lines is evaluatedaccording to the deformed shape of the tube in hydroforming process. And when forming a extrudedaluminum tube, the deformed surface of the tube frequently becomes rougher with increasing plasticstrain. This is well known as orange peel phenomenon and it has a significantly effect not only on thesurface quality of a final product but also on the forming limit. To evaluate the effects of the orangepeel on the hydroformability, the inter-stage polishing has been performed. Through the several testsincluding hydroforming test, the effect of surface defects on the hydroformabilities are well defined
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 340-341 (June 2007), p. 719-724 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The outer race of the constant velocity(CV) joint is an important load-supportingautomotive part, which transmits torque between the transmission and the wheel. The outer race isdifficult to be forged, because its shape is very complex and the required dimensional tolerances arevery stringent. Therefore, the internet based shape inspection system is developed in this study toprovide quick and accurate measuring data. Proposed system uses mechanical displacement sensorsto measure the shape of CV joint that has six inner ball grooves, and commercially available Lab-View program is used to process measured data into the dimensional shape. Developed programprovides a simple user interface that enables users to have real-time access of data measured fromindustrial production lines. Furthermore, the measured data can be exchanged via the internetbetween users and forging system operators. A java applet helped the system connection viainternet. A data, IP access, is transmitted to the packet by TCP/IP. Our proposed system has manyadvantages over current measuring systems including fast and efficient data processing by real-timemeasuring, and system flexibility
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 29-30 (Nov. 2007), p. 87-90 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Warm hydroformability and mechanical properties of pre- and post- heat treated Al6061tubes were investigated in this study. For the investigation, as-extruded, fully annealed and T6-treated Al 6061 seamless tubes were prepared. To evaluate the hydroformability, uni-axial tensiletest and free bulge test were performed at room temperature and 200ÓC. Also mechanical propertiesof hydroformed part at various pre- and post-heat treatments were evaluated by tensile test. Thetensile test specimens were obtained from hexagonal shaped tube hydroformed at 200ÓC formingtemperature. As a result, hydroformability of fully annealed tube is 25% higher than that ofextruded tube. The tensile strength and elongation were more than 330MPa and 12%, respectively,when hydroformed part was T6 treated after warm hydroforming. However, hydroformed part usingT6 pre treated tube represents low elongation, 8%. Therefore, the T6 treatment after hydroformingfor as-extruded tube is proved to be the most cost-effective among various processing conditions
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 475-479 (Jan. 2005), p. 4215-4218 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Aluminum alloys have a high potential for weight reduction in automotive and other applications, but they have a relatively low tubular hydroformability at room temperature. Hot working processes are commonly used for bulk metal forming, such as forging and rolling, but rare in sheet metal forming like hydroforming. The hydroformability of aluminum alloys can however be enhanced significantly at elevated temperatures. In this study, the hydroformability of aluminum alloys at elevated temperatures has therefore been investigated by using a specially designed induction heating system. The formability characteristics at high temperatures were obtained by a T-fitting forming test as well as a free bulge test. The effects of the process parameters such as an internal pressure and temperature on tubular forming limits have mainly been investigated and the results are presented in this paper
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 475-479 (Jan. 2005), p. 4137-4140 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Tube hydroforming provides a number of advantages over conventional stamping process, including fewer secondary operations, weight reduction, assembly simplification, adaptability to forming of complex structural components and improved structural strength and stiffness. It can produce wide range of products such as sub-frame, engine cradle, and exhaust manifold. In this study, the effect of heat treatment conditions, such as post seam annealing(PSA) and bright annealing(BA), on the ovality and hydro-formability of steel tubes has been investigated. Hydroformability has been estimated as the bulging height obtained depending on the various process parameters such as an internal pressure, axial feeding, and heat treatment conditions. The ovality and forming height were found to strongly depend on material properties after heat treatments
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 475-479 (Jan. 2005), p. 3283-3286 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the tube hydroforming process, a tube is placed into the die cavity and the ends of the tube are sealed by fixing the axial cylinder piston into the ends. Then the tube is pressurized with a hydraulic fluid and simultaneously the axial cylinders move to feed the material into the expansion zone. In this study, the empirical and the quantitative relationship between process parameters and hydroformabillity are analyzed by fuzzy rules. Fuzzy expert system is an advanced expert systemwhich uses fuzzy rule and approximate reasoning. Many process parameters are converted to the quantitative relationship by use of approximate reasoning of fuzzy expert system
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 475-479 (Jan. 2005), p. 3307-3310 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Modern automobiles are built with a steadily increasing variety of materials andsemifinished products. The traditional composition of steel sheet and cast iron is being replaced with other materials such as aluminum and magnesium. But low formability of these materials has prevented the application of the automotive components. The formability can be enhanced by conducting the warm hydroforming using induction heating device which can raise the temperatureof the specimen very quickly. The specimen applied to the test is AA6061 extruded tubes which belong to the age-hardenable aluminum alloys. But in the case of AA6061 age hardening occurs at room temperature or at elevated temperatures before and after the forming process. In this study the effects of the heating condition such as heating time, preset temperature, holding time during dieclosing and forming time on the hydroformability are analyzed to evaluate the phenomena such as dynamic strain hardening and ageing hardening at high temperatures after the hydroforming process
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 233-236 (Jan. 2003), p. 457-462 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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