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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the residual birefringence of interferential mirrors using Fabry-Perot cavity (1997)
    Springer
    Applied physics 65 (1997), S. 347-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.80; 42.60; 06
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050282
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of age-related changes in wrinkling and sagging of the skin in Caucasian females and in Japanese females (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 26 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We compared age-related changes in wrinkles in eight areas of facial skin (forehead, glabella, upper eyelid, corner of the eye, lower eyelid, nasolabial groove, cheek, and corner of the mouth) and sagging in the subzygomatic area of Caucasian females and of Japanese females. The subjects studied included 85 healthy Caucasian females (aged 20–69 years) living in Cincinnati in the U.S. and 70 Japanese females (aged 20–69 years) living in Tokyo. Photos of the face in frontal and in oblique 45 views were analyzed. Wrinkles in the face and sagging in the subzygomatic area were graded on Japanese photoscales, respectively, by the same experi-enced observer. The wrinkle score increased with age in all eight areas of the face examined in Caucasian females as well as in Japanese females. In the group aged 20–29 years, the wrinkle score in each area was significantly higher in Caucasian females than in Japanese females. The wrinkle scores in the forehead, glabella, upper eyelid, and corner of the eyes were similar at advanced ages between the two groups, while the wrinkle scores in lower areas of the face (lower eyelid, nasolabial groove, cheek, and corner of the mouth) were markedly higher in Caucasian females than in Japanese females in each age group, and reached an upper limit at advanced ages in Caucasian females. The sagging score also increased with age in Caucasian females as well as in Japanese females. The sagging score was significantly higher in Caucasian females than in Japanese females in the groups aged 40 years or more. These results suggest more marked wrinkle formation in all areas of the face in younger age groups of Caucasian females living in North America than in Japanese females living in Tokyo. In particular, Caucasian females showed marked age-related wrinkle formation in the lower areas of the face, probably due to sagging in the subzygomatic area, which suggests a higher susceptibility to sagging in the subzygomatic area of Caucasian females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2004.00245_5.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative two-dimensional analysis of facial wrinkles of Japanese women at various ages (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 24 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To evaluate individual differences in the recognition of facial wrinkles, we asked 40 Japanese female observers to identify wrinkles using transparent sheets over frontal facial photos of four females aged 20, 39, 55 or 75 years. We then measured the number and length of those wrinkles by image analysis. Wrinkles identified by those 40 observers showed aged-related increases in the standard deviation (SD) values for number and length but age-related decreases in the coefficient of variation (CV)%. Therefore, to clarify factors affecting the degree of wrinkle detection, wrinkles were identified by two groups of age-matched male and female observers, by two groups that differed by age, and by two other groups, one of which who felt that there was an improvement in their wrinkles after application of an antiwrinkle agent and another group who did not feel that there was any improvement after the same treatment. Improvement was observed by replica image analysis in all groups. The degree of wrinkles identified was not affected by the age or by the sex of the observer group. However, the group who felt that there was an improvement in their wrinkles after treatment with the antiwrinkle agent identified a significantly higher number of wrinkles than did the group who did not feel that there was an improvement.These results suggest marked individual differences in the recognition of wrinkles. Fine wrinkles in relatively young subjects are difficult to detect, but moderate to marked wrinkles in middle-aged and in aged subjects can easily be detected. Concerning the cause of individual differences in the extent of wrinkle detection, observers who identified a large number of wrinkles tended to recognize not only pronounced wrinkles but also recognized fine wrinkles as ‘wrinkles’. This seems to have also affected their feelings about the success of treatment with the antiwrinkle agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00122.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new method to evaluate lower eyelid sag using three-dimensional image analysis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 27 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lower eyelid sags as well as wrinkles represent age-related morphological changes of the skin surface. However, a quantitative method to evaluate lower eyelid sagging has not been previously established. We designed a new quantitative evaluation method that uses non-invasive skin scanning, which is based on the difference between the superficial dimension of the sagging surface of the lower eyelid and the dimension of its projection area. In 97 females, 2-D and the 3-D images were taken. By 3-D image analysis, the difference between the superficial dimension of the sagging surface of the lower eyelid and the dimension of its virtual projection area was assessed, and was defined as the sag parameter. This parameter was significantly correlated with the sag score (a photographic scale to assess the degree of sagging) and with aging. The accuracy of the sag parameter was confirmed in a clinical test using a sag treatment lotion and a placebo lotion. The sag score decreased in skin treated with the sag treatment lotion, but the change was not significantly different from that of the placebo treated skin. On the contrary, the sag parameter was significantly reduced (P 〈 0.05) after topical application of the sag treatment lotion compared with the placebo-treated skin. These results indicate that the sag parameter as proposed herein is useful in clinical studies to evaluate slight changes in lower eyelid sagging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00282.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ovariectomy is sufficient to accelerate spontaneous skin ageing and to stimulate ultraviolet irradiation-induced photoageing of murine skin (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 151 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background  Wrinkling and sagging of the skin during photoageing is physiologically associated with diminished elasticity, which can be attributed to increased fibroblast-derived elastase activity. This degrades the dermal elastic fibres needed to maintain the three-dimensional structure of the skin. We previously reported that ovariectomy accelerates ultraviolet (UV)B-induced wrinkle formation in rat hind limb skin by altering the three-dimensional structure of elastic fibres.Objectives  In this study, we used hairless mice to assess the effects of ovariectomy with or without chronic UVA or UVB radiation on sagging and wrinkling of skin, on the elasticity of skin, as well as on matrix metalloproteinase activities in the skin.Methods  Ovariectomies or sham operations were performed on 6-week-old female ICR/HR hairless mice.Results  Even in the ovariectomy group without UV irradiation, the skin elasticity was significantly decreased during the 3–13 weeks after ovariectomy, which was accompanied by a significant increase in elastase activity in the skin. After UVA or UVB irradiation, skin elasticity was significantly decreased to a greater extent in the ovariectomy group than in the sham operation group, and this was accompanied by a reciprocal increase in elastase activity but not in the activities of collagenases I or IV in the skin. Consistent with the decreased skin elasticity, UVA irradiation for 12 weeks elicited more marked sagging in the ovariectomy group than in the sham operation group. UVB irradiation for 12 weeks also induced more marked wrinkle formation in the ovariectomy group than in the sham operation group.Conclusions  These results suggest that ovariectomy alone is sufficient to accelerate skin ageing and to increase UV sensitivity, which results in the further deterioration of the skin and photoageing, and may account for the accelerated skin ageing seen in postmenopausal women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06203.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dermal fluid translocation is an important determinant of the diurnal variation in human skin thickness (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 145 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Ultrasonography has been used as a non-invasive approach to measure skin thickness. To date there have been no studies on diurnal variations in skin thickness. Objectives To evaluate diurnal variations in skin thickness and to compare these with corresponding echogenicity and skin elasticity. Methods Measurements by ultrasonography B-mode and by Cutometer SEM 575 were carried out in the morning and in the afternoon on 20 men and 20 women (mean age 30 years) on three areas of the face (forehead, corner of the eye and cheek), the forearm and the upper arm, and the flank, thigh and calf. Results From the morning to the afternoon, the skin thickness in both sexes significantly decreased on three areas of the face, the forearm and the upper arm, but significantly increased on the thigh and calf. In parallel, the echogenicity significantly increased from the morning to the afternoon on the three areas of the face, the forearm and the upper arm, but decreased significantly on the thigh and calf. Measurements of mechanical properties at four sites demonstrated that from the morning to the afternoon, the major parameters of skin elasticity Ue* and Uf* increased significantly in both sexes on two areas of the face and slightly on the forearm, but decreased significantly on the calf. Conclusions The diurnal profiles of skin thickness and skin elasticity in the upper half of the body are the reverse of those in the lower half of the body. These findings suggest that shifts of dermal fluid from the face to the leg by gravity during the day cause the diurnal variation in skin thickness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04430.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A case of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F with neurological abnormalities (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 128 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report a 48-year-old Japanese man suffering from xeroderma pigmentosum associated with mental retardation, cerebral atrophy and cerebellar ataxia. Cultured fibroblasts from an unexposed area of skin had reduced DNA repair capacity after UV irradiation, with higher sensitivity to UV than normal cells in colony-forming ability and host cell reactivation using herpes simplex virus. Genetic complementation tests by cell fusion with polyethylene glycol revealed that the patient belonged to group F. He died of bile duct cancer at the age of 50. This is the first report of an XP-F patient with neurological abnormalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00154.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon dioxide laser treatment promotes repair of the three-dimensional network of elastic fibres in rat skin (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 144 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  We have previously reported that ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation induces a loss of linearity in the three-dimensional structure of dermal elastic fibres, which results in the reduction of elastic properties of the skin and leads to wrinkle formation. We further reported that repair of wrinkles by all-trans retinoic acid is accompanied by recovery of the linearity of elastic fibres. Carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers are widely used for treating wrinkles in cosmetic surgery. Objectives  To perform CO2 laser treatment of wrinkles induced in rat skin by UVB irradiation and to evaluate changes in the three-dimensional structure of dermal elastic fibres during wrinkle repair. Methods  Wrinkles were induced in the hind limb skin of Sprague–Dawley rats by UVB irradiation (130 mJ cm−2 three times weekly for 6 weeks), followed by CO2 laser treatment (11·3 J cm−2). The surface appearance of the skin was evaluated by replica observation 6 and 10 weeks after CO2 laser treatment followed by measurement of mechanical properties using a Cutometer. Subsequently, perfusion fixation and digestion with formic acid were performed and elastic fibres were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Image analysis of SEM micrographs was carried out to evaluate the linearity in the three-dimensional structure of elastic fibres. Results  Six weeks after CO2 laser treatment, all parameters of skin mechanical properties in the UVB-irradiated group recovered to levels of the control non-irradiated group, accompanied by repair of wrinkles and a significant increase in linearity of the three-dimensional structure of elastic fibres. Conclusions  These findings indicate that CO2 laser treatment has a therapeutic potential to repair wrinkles to non-irradiated levels through recovery of the three-dimensional structure of elastic fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04067.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of homoursodeoxycholic acid and [11,12-^3H]homoursodeoxycholic acid
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Steroids 44 (1984), S. 549-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0039-128X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0039-128X(84)80036-7
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of homoursodeoxycholic acid and [11,12-^3H]homoursodeoxycholic acid
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Steroids 44 (1984), S. 549-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0039-128X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0039-128X(84)80036-7
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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