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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of metronidazole on hydrogen production by Clostridium acetobutylicum (1972)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 84 (1972), S. 225-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. When metronidazole (1-β-hydroxyethyl-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole) was added at 50 μg/ml to a liquid (35°C) culture of Clostridium acetobutylicum (0.5 mg dry wt of organisms/ml), it inhibited growth for only 2 h; thereafter, growth resumed at a slower and arithmetic rate. Consumption of glucose and excretion of acetate plus butyrate continued, though at diminished rates, during the period of bacteriostasis, and the ATP content of the organisms did not decline. 2. Metronidazole inhibited production of H2 by a culture of Cl. acetobutylicum, yet it only temporarily halted formation of H2 from pyruvate by cell extracts, and had no deleterious effect on the simultaneous production of acetyl phosphate and CO2. After a relatively short time no residual metronidazole was detectable in this cell-free system and H2 production resumed at its former rate. 3. The drug did not inhibit the hydrogenases of either Cl. acetobutylicum or Cl. pasteurianum, but having an E′ 0 at pH 7 of approx. -0.23 V (on the hydrogen scale), it acted as a preferential acceptor of electrons from reduced ferredoxin (or reduced viologen dyes). Reduction of metronidazole was a 6 electron process compatible with complete reduction of its 5-nitro group. Yet, although the expected decrease in absorbance at 320 nm was observed, the 5-amino derivative did not accumulate (probably due to its intrinsic lability). 4. Since many aryl nitro compounds are similarly able to accept electrons from reduced ferredoxin, it seems that additional reasons might have to be sought to explain the unique effectiveness of metronidazole as an antimicrobial agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425200
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Butyricin 7423 and the membrane H+-ATPase of Clostridium pasteurianum (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 131 (1982), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacteriocin ; Butyricin 7423 ; Clostridium pasteurianum ; Membrane H+-ATPase ; Adenosine triphosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The bacteriocin butyricin 7423 inhibited the activity of the membrane H+-ATPase (BF0, F1) of vegetative cells of Clostridium pasteurianum but not that of its soluble BF1 component. In vitro studies with the H+-ATPases of mutant strains selected for diminished sensitivity (a) to butyricin 7423 and (b) to dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide, confirmed that butyricin 7423 interacts with the BF0 component of this enzyme complex. Even so, certain other mutant strains displaying decreased sensitivity to butyricin 7423 possessed H+-ATPases which in vitro showed undiminished sensitivity to inhibition by the bacteriocin. Furthermore, from the changes in intracellular ATP concentration and in the rates and net extent of efflux of intracellular 86Rb+ ions that were provoked by exposure of the parent and several of the mutant strains to butyricin 7423, it was concluded that its primary bactericidal action was not attributable to stoichiometric inhibition of the membrane H+-ATPase. High extracellular concentrations of K+ ions enabled Cl. pasteurianum to survive exposure to low concentrations of this membrane-active bacteriocin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00451503
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of SCR, EEG, and ERP activity in an oddball paradigm with short interstimulus intervals (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 36 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Studies of concurrent central, and autonomic activity using a conventional event-related potential (ERP) oddball paradigms, are considered useful in elucidating the relationship between central and autonomic responses, but the autonomic response tends to overlap. A new method was used to decompose and score overlapping skin conductance responses (SCR). This method enabled examination of dynamic relationships of phasic SCR, prestimulus electroencephalogram (EEG), and ERP to auditory target stimuli in 50 normal adults. SCR amplitude was negatively correlated to EEG and N200 amplitude. The SCR amplitude changes over time exhibited an exponential decline opposite to those of N200, alpha, and beta. All the fitted exponential functions had a time constant of 1–2 min. The findings suggest that a N200 component, active in the auditory sensory discrimination, is concomitant with the SCR. The narrow range of the time constant may provide a clue to the conjoint processes underlying central and autonomic adaptive functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3650543
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    βHydroxyaspartate Pathway: A New Route for Biosyntheses from Glyoxylate (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 197 (1963), S. 456-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] WHEN micro-organisms grow on glycollate as sole source of carbon, reactions ancillary to the tri-carboxylic acid cycle must occur to replenish, from the C2-growth substrate, the intermediates of the cycle which have been removed in the course of cellular syntheses. In micro-organisms such as E. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/197456a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrition of the Domestic Cat, a Mammalian Carnivore (1984)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 4 (1984), S. 521-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.04.070184.002513
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CERI and Systems (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of educational technology 3 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8535
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.1972.tb00576.x
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  • 7
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    Usage of Superphosphate on Australian Pastures: An Exploratory Analysis (1974)
    Canberra : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Quarterly review of the rural economy. 27:1 (1974:Jan.) 39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0156-7446
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:6017-1974-027-01-000003
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maximal growth occurs at a broad range of essential amino acids to total nitrogen ratios in kittens (1998)
    Springer
    Amino acids 15 (1998), S. 221-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Kittens fed diets containing 2.0 and 3.0 times (X) the NRC (1986) essential amino acid (EAA) requirement (EAArq) and 210 to 560g crude protein (CP)/kg diet had growth rates and plasma amino acid patterns that were not significantly different than kittens fed a control diet (CD) containing 1.5 X EAArq and 350 g CP/kg diet. Growth rates of kittens fed diets containing only EAA (with nontoxic levels of arginine and methionine) and 280 to 460 g CP/kg diet were equivalent to those of kittens fed CD. Kittens fed only EAA and 140 and 210 g CP/kg diet had growth rates that were significantly lower than kittens fed CD. Since the growth rate of kittens fed 1.5X EAArq and 210 g CP/kg diet in a previous experiment was equivalent to kittens fed CD (Taylor et al., 1997), it is suggested that the requirement for CP is higher (up to 280 g CP/kg diet) when only EAA are fed. The higher crude protein requirement appears to be primarily a consequence of the high obligatory nitrogen loss as urea (especially from arginine) incurred in the conversion of nitrogen from EAA to dispensable amino acids in the liver and secondarily because of a slow rate of catabolism of the EAA. A 3-dimensional plot of weight gains vs. CP levels and EAA to total nitrogen (E: T) ratios of kittens shows a broad range of CP levels and E: T ratios that support optimal growth in the kitten. It is suggested that similar patterns would occur in the chick, rat and other species if adverse effects caused by excesses of specific amino acids are avoided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01318861
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increasing dispensable amino acids in diets of kittens fed essential amino acids at or below their requirement increases the requirement for arginine (1997)
    Springer
    Amino acids 13 (1997), S. 257-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Essential amino acids ; Dispensable amino acids ; Crude protein ; Orotic acid ; Feline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Kittens fed diets containing 0.75 × the NRC (1986) essential amino acid requirement (EAArq) and 210 to 560g crude protein(CP)/kg diet exhibited, with increasing CP: 1) decreasing weight gain, 2) decreasing plasma arginine concentrations, 3) increasing urinary orotic acid excretion, 4) increasing plasma glutamic acid concentrations, and 5) plasma isoleucine concentrations at levels that suggest a marginal isoleucine deficiency. Kittens fed a control diet (CD) containing 1.5 × EAArq and 350 g CP/kg diet had maximal weight gains and no orotic aciduria. It was concluded that the decreased weight gain and adverse metabolic effects were caused by arginine deficiency and possibly glutamic acid toxicity induced by high dietary dispensable amino acids. Kittens fed the diets containing 1.0 × EAArq and 350 and 560 g CP/kg diet had depressed plasma arginine and elevated glutamic acid concentrations and orotic aciduria. These results indicate that 10 g arg/kg diet is not adequate at CP concentrations above 280 g/kg and the calculated requirement of arginine is (0.02 g arginine/g CP) × (Y g CP/kg diet) + (4.0 g arginine/kg diet) where Y is the dietary CP level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01372591
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal objective function approximation for separable convex quadratic programming (1994)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 67 (1994), S. 133-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Separable programming ; Quadratic programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present an optimal piecewise-linear approximation method for the objective function of separable convex quadratic programs. The method provides guidelines on how many grid points to use and how to position them for a piecewise-linear approximation if the error induced by the approximation is to be bounded a priori.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01582218
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