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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of propranolol during pregnancy (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 583-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: propranolol ; pregnancy ; beta-adrenoceptor antagonist ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Propranolol, a beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, was administered to 6 healthy pregnant volunteers between 32 and 36 weeks gestation and when at least 6 weeks postparum. On both occasions, subjects were given propranolol 120 mg orally or 10 mg intravenously in randomised order with a minimum washout period of 1 week. Propranolol was assayed in plasma by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection and the pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated. There were no significant alterations in elimination half-life, clearance or apparent volume of distribution per kilogram antenatally compared with postnatally: bioavailability was also unchanged. It is concluded that the disposition of propranolol is not altered during pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00556896
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of sotalol during pregnancy (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 521-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: sotalol ; beta-adrenoceptor antagonist ; pregnancy ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sotalol, a beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, was administered to 6 healthy pregnant volunteers between 32–36 weeks gestation and when at least 6 weeks post-partum. On both occasions, each volunteer was given sotalol 100 mg intravenously and 400 mg orally in randomised order with at least a 1 week washout period between. Plasma samples were analysed for sotalol using a fluorometric method and the pharmacokinetic profiles investigated. The systemic clearance of sotalol was significantly greater in the antenatal period (2.4±0.3 ml/min/kg) than in the post-natal phase (1.5±0.1 ml/min/kg). The apparent volume of distribution was similar in the two periods: the elimination half-life was 6.6±0.6h ante-natally and 9.3±0.7h post-natally after intravenous drug but the trend for faster elimination was not significant. The elimination half-life after oral administration (about 10h) and bioavailability (about 90%) were not altered significantly by pregnancy. It is suggested that the more rapid clearance of sotalol in pregnancy may be due to increases in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609896
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discordant umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms and pregnancy outcome (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 96 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1989.tb06312.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal and fetal haemodynamics in hypertensive pregnancies during maternal treatment with intravenous hydralazine or labetalol (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 98 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Intravenous treatment with 10 mg of hydralazine or 100 mg of labetalol was randomly allocated to 30 hypertensive pregnant women. Umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms were recorded using a pulsed Doppler duplex scanner (ATL Mk V) and umbilical artery pulsatility index (PI) and fetal heart rate (FHR) were derived from these recordings. Maternal blood pressure decreased significantly after both drugs. Maternal pulse rate increased after hydralazine but did not change significantly after labetalol. FHR did not change significantly after hydralazine but decreased after labetalol. PI decreased after hydralazine and increased after labetalol-most fetuses showed little change but a few in each group showed large changes in PI, as did two of five additional patients studied. We attributed the decrease in PI in some fetuses after hydralazine to vasodilation, and the increase in PI in some fetuses after labetalol to vasoconstriction in the fetoplacental circulation, suggesting that fetal beta-blockade may occur after maternal treatment with labetalol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1991.tb10339.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SOTALOL AS A HYPOTENSIVE AGENT IN PREGNANCY (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 87 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sotalol, a beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, was administered to 12 hypertensive pregnant women. The concentration of the drug was assayed in samples of maternal plasma, amniotic fluid and mixed umbilical cord plasma at delivery and, in five mothers who elected to breast feed, in paired samples of maternal plasma and breast milk. Sotalol reduced blood pressure effectively at a mean daily dose of 433·1±54·1 mg but crossed the placental barrier. The mean maternal: fetal plasma concentration ratio was 1:1·05 and the mean amniotic fluid concentration was 7·0±2·7 μg/ml. Delivery occurred at mean gestational age of 37·7±0.7 weeks; 12 infants were liveborn with a mean weight of 2·8±0·1 kg and eight of them had no significant neonatal problems. Of the other four, two died from severe congenital anomalies, one had perinatal asphyxia and one mild transient hypoglycaemia. High sotalol concentrations were found in breast milk (mean plasma: milk ratio was 1:5·4) raising the possibility of pharmacological effect in the newborn infant. The results suggest that sotalol adequately controls blood pressure in hypertension complicating pregnancy but because, unlike results from the pregnant ewe, it crosses the human placental barrier it offers no apparent advantages over other beta-adrenoceptor antagonists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1980.tb04618.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phaeochromocytoma in pregnancy. Five cases and a review of the literature (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 96 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. We report five patients with phaeochromocytoma associated with pregnancy and review the 42 other cases reported in the literature from 1980 to 1987. The overall maternal mortality was 17% and the fetal loss 26%; antenatal diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma reduced the maternal mortality to zero and the fetal loss to 15%, but was made in only 53% of the patients. Although phaeochromocytoma is rare, a high index of clinical suspicion must be maintained and all those at risk investigated if earlier diagnosis and improved outcome are to be achieved. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, alpha-blockade is essential and beta-blockade may be required. CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging may be used to localize the tumour during the antenatal period. In the first and second trimesters, tumour resection has a good fetal outcome; in later pregnancy, delivery by elective caesarean section followed by tumour resection is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1989.tb03262.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antenatal diagnosis of placental anastomosis in a twin pregnancy using Doppler ultrasound (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 93 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Qualitative analysis of blood velocity in the umbilical arteries of twin fetuses detected by pulsed Doppler ultrasound revealed discordant patterns which permitted an accurate antenatal diagnosis of an artery-to-artery anastomosis. One twin was consistantly larger than the other, had a normal umbilical artery impedance and survived; the other fetus was consistantly smaller, had persistantly high umbilical artery impedance and died in utero. The death of one fetus did not affect the blood flow patterns within the umbilical artery of the other up to delivery 24 h later. The case demonstrates that intrauterine morbidity due to vascular anastomoses is not confined to the transfusion of significant amounts of blood from one fetus to another.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1986.tb08015.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A clinical evaluation of the maternal effects of lumbar extradural analgesia for labour (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1974.tb00716.x
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