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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 43 Patienten mit essentieller Hypertonie (31 Männer, 12 Frauen), 6 Hypertoniepatienten mit Nierenarterienstenosen (3 Männer, 3 Frauen) sowie 33 normotonen Vergleichspersonen wurde gleichzeitig das Erythrocytenvolumen mit Cr51 und das Plasmavolumen mit Jod125-Albumin bestimmt. Personen mit Herz- oder Niereninsuffizienz sowie Störungen des Wasser- und Elektrolytstoffwechsels wurden dabei nicht berücksichtigt. Die Auswertung der erhobenen Befunde wurde für beide Geschlechter getrennt durchgeführt. Die männlichen Patienten mit essentieller Hypertonie wurden ferner nach unterschiedlichen Schweregraden in Patienten mit labiler und fortgeschrittener Hypertonie unterschieden. Die untersuchten Frauen mit essentieller Hypertonie gehörten ausschließlich der letztgenannten Gruppe an. Es fanden sich folgende Ergebnisse. 1. Bei Männern mit beginnender und fortgeschrittener essentieller Hypertonie fand sich eine Verminderung des Blutvolumens, die auf einer fast ausschließlichen Abnahme des Plasmavolumens beruht. Entsprechend ist bei ihnen der venöse und Körperhämatokrit gegenüber den normalen Vergleichspersonen erhöht. Frauen mit fortgeschrittener Hypertonie zeigten eine mäßig ausgeprägte Verminderung des Blutvolumens, die im Unterschied zu den Männern durch eine stärkere Abnahme des Erythrocytenvolumens hervorgerufen wird. Bei Männern und Frauen mit renovasculärer Hypertonie wurde eine deutliche Verkleinerung des Blutvolumens festgestellt. Sie erklärt sich durch eine überwiegende Abnahme des Plasmavolumens mit resultierender Erhöhung des venösen Körperhämatokrits. 2. Der Quotient Körperhämatokrit/venöser Hämatokrit ist bei Patienten mit essentieller und renovasculärer Hypertonie erniedrigt. Die veränderte Relation zwischen Körperhämatokrit und venösem Hämatokrit wird durch eine Zunahme oder weitere Verengerung von kleinen Gefäßen hervorgerufen, deren Durchmesser unterhalb jener Größe (ca. 350 µ) liegt, bei der aufgrund veränderter Strömungsverhältnisse ein Abfall des Hämatokrits auftritt. 3. Die Verminderung des Blutvolumens in den verschiedenen Stadien der kompensierten essentiellen und bei renovasculärer Hypertonie muß mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit auf cine Konstriktion der Kapazitätsgefäße mit daraus resultierender Erhöhung des Venen- und Capillardrucks zurückgeführt werden.
    Notes: Summary Red cell volume and plasma volume were simultaneously measured by51Cr,125J albumin, respectively in 43 patients with essential hypertension (31 men, 12 women, in 6 hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis (3 men, 3 women) and in 33 normotensive controls. Patients who suffered concomitantly from heart failure, renal insufficiency or disorders in water or electrolyte metabolism were excluded from this study. The analysis of the obtained data had been separately performed for the two sexes. Further more we have differentiated the male patients with essential hypertension depending on the severity of their hypertension into the labile or advanced type. The women patients studied belonged to the latter group. The following data were obtained: 1. In male patients with beginning or advanced essential hypertension we found a decrease of the blood volume, being almost exclusively caused by a reduced plasma volume. Accordingly, the venous hematocrit and the body hematocrit were increased in comparison with normal subjects. Women with advanced hypertension showed only a slight decrease of their blood volume being caused, in contrast to the men, by a stronger diminuation of the red cell volume. The blood volume was clearly decreased in male and female patients with renovascular hypertension. This finding could be explained by a prevailing diminuation of the plasma volume resulting in an elevation of the venous and body hematocrit. 2. The quotient body hematocrit/venous hematocrit is lowered in patients with essential and renovascular hypertension. The altered relation between body hematocrit and venous hematocrit is caused by the presence of an increased number of small vessels or alternatively by a further constriction of those vessels, whose diameter is below 350 Gm. It is well established that under such conditions the altered blood flow produces decrease of the hematocrit. 3. We assume that in the different stages of the compensated essential and renovascular hypertension the diminuation of the blood volume is probably caused by a constriction of the capacity vessels leading to an elevation of the venous and capillarypressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 143 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Activated T and B lymphocytes are the predominant inflammatory cells in atopic eczema (AE) lesions. Mycophenolic acid, the active form of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), blocks the proliferative responses of T and B lymphocytes. Objectives In this pilot study, we examined the efficacy of MMF (CellCept®, Hoffman La Roche, Grenzach-Wyhlen, Germany) in severe AE. Methods Ten patients with severe AE (severity index 〉 50) according to the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index were treated with oral MMF at an initial dose of 1 g daily during the first week and 2 g daily for a further 11 weeks. Laboratory examination including full blood count, lymphocyte subset analysis, serum immunoglobulins (IgE, IgG, IgM, IgA), total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine was performed every 2 weeks. Additionally, interleukin (IL)-10 and interferon (IFN)-γ in serum were measured.  Results None of the 10 patients who received MMF discontinued the trial because of lack of efficacy or adverse events. Compared with the baseline, the median scores for disease severity (SCORAD index) improved by 68% during treatment with MMF. The median serum IgE level decreased significantly, from 10,300 kU L−1 before treatment to 7830 kU L−1 after 12 weeks. MMF induced a significant increase in the T-helper (Th)-1-related cytokine IFN-γ and a significant decrease in IL-10, mainly produced by Th2 cells.  Conclusions The present study demonstrates that oral MMF at a dose of 2 g daily is an effective, safe and well-tolerated immunosuppressive therapy for severe AE in adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 132 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: It has been suggested that in atopic eczema (AE) a reduced lymphocyte response to T-cell mitogens in vitro is secondary to altered production of cytokines or inflammatory mediators. We investigated, in parallel, the mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation, monocyte interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) production, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production of monocytes and of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in AE patients and non-atopic controls. After stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A) PBMC of AE patients showed a significantly reduced proliferative response compared with the controls. The monocyte production of IL-1ß after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was significantly decreased in AE. No differences between AE patients and controls were observed with regard to the PGE2 production of PBMC after stimulation with Con A or the monocyte release of PGE2 after LPS stimulation. Because IL-1 plays a central role in the activation of T-cell proliferation, the decreased monocyte IL-1ß production may provide a plausible explanation for the reduced mitogen response of T cells in AE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 47 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pathophysiology of atopic eczema (AE) is still poorly understood. One possible concept favors IgE-mediated reactivity towards allergens that enter the skin from the outside or through the blood. Microorganisms of the cutaneous flora also might represent a stimulus for allergic skin reactions. Abnormal bacterial skin colonization is a characteristic feature of AE. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most common pathogen. Binding to host cells involves special receptors, such as fibronectin or laminin. Specific IgE antibodies to S. aureus can be detected in the blood. Whereas the clinical relevance of anti-staphylococcal antibodies is still controversial, specific IgE antibodies to Pityrosporum species as well as positive type I prick test reactions to these yeasts seem to correlate with the intensity of eczematous lesions in the head and neck regions of patients with AE. Both antimicrobial and antifungal treatment has been shown helpful in some cases of AE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 145 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Chronic skin colonization with Staphylococcus aureus is a characteristic feature of atopic eczema (AE), and about 60% of S. aureus strains isolated from the skin of patients with AE secrete enterotoxins. Furthermore, IgE antibodies to S. aureus enterotoxins have been identified in 78% of patients with AE. Objectives To examine the S. aureus enterotoxin-induced histamine and leukotriene release of basophils from patients with AE. Methods Peripheral blood basophils from patients with AE were stimulated with the staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, D, E and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. Additionally, priming experiments were performed with interleukin (IL)-3, IL-8 and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor followed by stimulation with S. aureus enterotoxins. Results In patients with AE, basophils secreted significantly higher amounts of histamine and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) than in healthy controls. The priming experiments showed additional histamine and LTC4 release in the group of AE patients. Conclusions Histamine and leukotriene generation from atopic basophils stimulated with staphylococcal enterotoxins may indicate a role for these toxins as possible allergens in at least a subgroup of patients with AE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hamartom ; Naevus sebaceus ; Syringocystadenoma papilliferum ; Trichoblastom ; Key words Hamartoma ; Nevus sebaceus ; Syringocystadenoma papilliferum ; Trichoblastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Since birth, a 43 year-old man displayed a nevus sebaceus on the right temple. The histopathology revealed two distinct adnexal neoplasms associated with this lesion: a syringocystadenoma papilliferum and a trichoblastoma. We describe the combination of these entities in this report.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einem 43jährigen Mann bestand seit der Geburt ein Naevus sebaceus im Bereich der rechten Schläfe. Bei der histopatholo- gischen Untersuchung zeigten sich 2, mit der Läsion assoziierte Adnexneoplasien: ein Syringocystadenom papilliferum und ein Trichoblastom. Das kombinierte Auftreten dieser 3 Entititäten wird hier beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: ICAM-1,soluble ; CD54, soluble ; Psoriasis ; Serum levels ; UVB/dithranol treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 286 (1994), S. 414-416 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: ELAM-1, soluble ; E-Selectin, soluble ; Psoriasis ; Serum levels ; UVB/dithranol treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Seborrhoeic dermatitis ; Cellular immunity ; Pityrosporum ovale ; Cytokines ; Immunoglobulins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aetiology of seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD) is still unknown. An increased number of Pityrosposurm ovale in lesional skin of patients with SD has been suggested to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the disease since double-blind trials with antifungal drugs (e.g. ketoconazole) have shown that these agents result in a significantly reduced disease intensity. The frequent association of HIV infection and SD may be due to a suppressed cell-mediated immunity. In order to characterize the role of the humoral and cellular immune response in patients with SD the effects of a P. ovale extract on the proliferation of, and interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10 by an interferon-γ (IFNγ) production, and immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM) synthesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with SD were studied in vitro. Healthy volunteers served as controls. PBMC from normal donors responded with a significantly increased proliferation to P. ovale antigen, whereas cells from patients with SD did not. Additionally, IL-2 and IFNγ production by PBMC from patients with SD was markedly depressed compared with normal cells after stimulation with P. ovale . However, stimulation of PBMC from SD patients with P. ovale antigen induced significantly increased IL-10 synthesis. IgA, IgG and IgM synthesis was significantly increased in cultures of PBMC from patients with SD whether the cells were antigen-stimulated or not. Our results support the assumption that strong skin colonization with P. ovale in SD is due to an altered cellular immunity, which may be induced by increased IL-10 secretion.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Melanoma ; Ultraviolet radiation ; Cytokines ; Interleukin-6 ; TNF
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes significant impairment of immunological function in human skin. The immunosuppressive effects of UV radiation are thought to be due to local release of cytokines by human keratinocytes, leading to impaired function of epidermal antigen-presenting cells (APC) and failure to induce cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. Recent studies have shown that individuals susceptible to UV-induced suppression of DTH may be more prone to develop skin cancer including malignant melanoma (MM). Since the causal relationship between UV radiation and the induction of MM still seems obscure, we investigated the immunological reactions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to whole-body irradiation with UVB in 15 stage I melanoma patients as compared to PBMC from normal volunteers matched for age, gender and skin type. Whole-body irradiation was performed with 0.8 minimal erythema dosages on five consecutive days. Peripheral blood was obtained before and after the procedure. Overall, there were no major effects of UVB irradiation on peripheral lymphocyte subsets and proliferation of PBMC from patients or normal controls, but UVB irradiation led to a significant increase in PWM-stimulated production of IL-6, IL-2R and TNF by PBMC. These changes were independent of the individual UVB dosages administered and appeared in both groups similarly. UVB irradiation did not lead to significant changes on IL-1 and IL-2 expression by PBMC. Our results suggest that PBMC participate in the cytokine response to UV, even in the absence of inflammatory reactions, but that this participation is not specific to MM patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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