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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: MRI ; Psychiatry ; white matter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract T2-weighted MRI scans of psychiatric patients with at least one white matter lesion (WML) were compared to 83 non-psychiatric controls with respect to WML number and distribution. MANOVA results in significant effects for sex, age and patient group with respect to WML number. In the psychiatric patients, infratentorial WML prevailed in organic psychoses. WML number was positively correlated with age with the exception of rith temporal lobe WML. Based on WML spatial distribution, four patient clusters were found. Clusters with widely distributed WML comprised older patients with late onset of illness; right frontal and temporal WML were associated with mania, euphoria and unstable mood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 107 (1990), S. 65-69 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Meningioma ; tumour recurrence ; multiple tumours ; falx ; brain neoplasm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although meningiomas are of benign character and generally of encapsulated growth, recurrence is a known problem in treatment. The authors present the time course of a recurrent parasagittal meningioma of the falx, which recurred eleven times. Despite modern radiological diagnostic methods, which made early diagnosis of recurrent tumour possible, and the use of modern microsurgical techniques with radical tumour extirpation and followed by radiotherapy, the fatal course of benign tumour disease could not be stopped.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: White matter lesions ; Cerebrovascular disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain infarction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To establish data about prevalence, number and topography of “unspecific” white matter lesions as seen on MRI, the T2-weighted MRI scans of 83 patients with hyperintense focal white matter changes were reviewed. Patients with known inflammatory central nervous system disease were excluded. There was an approximately linear increase in prevalence and number of lesions with age. Prevalence ranged from 18% in the third decade to over 90% in those over 70 years. We found a close correlation with concomitant periventricular hyperintensity. However, rating of Virchow-Robin spaces did not correlate with the number of white matter lesions. Both hemispheres were involved nearly equally with a minimal non-significant right side preponderance. Lesions showed a strong predilection for the frontal and parietal paraventricular “watershed” areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 206 (1965), S. 537-542 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 180 (1960), S. 490-500 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. During voluntary contraction, a muscle twitch set up by a stimulus over that muscle is followed by a long lasting inhibition of 120 ms (tibialis anterior) in normal persons. 2. To decide if this is a antidromic effect or a true autogenetic inhibition we proved the muscle twitch in patients with severe damage of muscle afferents or dorsal roots: Tabes dorsalis and Polyneuritis. The muscle twitch in these patients did not change the voluntary innervation. There is no inhibition at all. 3. With a stimulus strength sufficient to evoke a good muscle contraction a stimulus directly set up over the peripheral nerve did not show any antidromic inhibition of the voluntary innervation. 4. Without proprioceptive influence the frequence of motoneurones is still quite regular. This regularity is probably due to the intracentral feedback mechanism over the recurrent collaterals and the Renshaw-Interneurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 180 (1960), S. 490-500 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. During voluntary contraction, a muscle twitch set up by a stimulus over that muscle is followed by a long lasting inhibition of 120 ms (tibialis anterior) in normal persons. 2. To decide if this is a antidromic effect or a true autogenetic inhibition we proved the muscle twitch in patients with severe damage of muscle afferents or dorsal roots: Tabes dorsalis and Polyneuritis. The muscle twitch in these patients did not change the voluntary innervation. There is no inhibition at all. 3. With a stimulus strength sufficient to evoke a good muscle contraction a stimulus directly set up over the peripheral nerve did not show any antidromic inhibition of the voluntary innervation. 4. Without proprioceptive influence the frequence of motoneurones is still quite regular. This regularity is probably due to the intracentral feedback mechanism over the recurrent collaterals and the Renshaw-Interneurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 192 (1968), S. 328-337 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bericht über drei Fälle von basalen Hirnaneurysmen, bei denen auf Grund der Befunde der Ultraschallpulsationen und ihrer Lageabweichungen Anhaltspunkte für eine pulsierende Gefäßmißbildung gefunden wurden. Bei den drei Fällen handelt es sich um Hirnaneurysmen im infraclinoidalen Anteil des Carotissyphons, dem Ramus communicans anterior und der A. cerebri media. Darstellung der Untersuchungstechnik und Mitteilung der einzelnen Fälle mit Gegenüberstellung des echoencephalographischen und angiographischen Befundes. Bericht über die Normalbefunde bei der Ultraschalluntersuchung, über die pathologischen Befunderhebungen und über die Abgrenzung beider.
    Notes: Summary Report of three cases with aneurysms located at the basis of the brain in which the evidence of a vascular anomaly was ascertained by ultrasonic findings deviating from normal. The cerebral aneurysms were situated in all three cases in the infraclinoidal portion of the carotid siphon, the ramus communicans anterior, and the middle cerebral artery. The exploratory techniques are described in detail, and the cases are discussed individually including a comparison of echoencephalographic and angiographic findings. The possibilities and limitations of echoencephalography in analysing normal and pathological vascular findings are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 182 (1961), S. 231-237 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einer Vertebralisarteriographie kam es durch manuelle Kompression der homolateralen Halsschlagader zu einer Teildarstellung dieses Gefäßes über die Arteria primitiva trigemini. Dieser Versuch wurde unternommen, um die Annahme zu bekräftigen, daß die Stromrichtung in der Arteria primitiva trigemini wie im Ramus communicans posterior wechselt und ihre Darstellung im wesentlichen von den hämodynamischen Verhältnissen während der Arteriographie abhängt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 210 (1975), S. 183-190 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Stereotaxy ; X-ray topography ; Brain topography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Alle Versuche, die Topographie des Gehirns des lebenden Menschen aus anatomischem Material zu rekonstruieren, werden durch technische Schwierigkeiten beeinträchtigt. Das beste Verfahren ist der Vergleich genauer Röntgenaufnahmen, die unter stereotaktischen Bedingungen aufgenommen worden sind. Aus einer großen Sammlung solcher Röntgenaufnahmen haben die Verfasser die Konturen der Tabula interna des Schädels und der Ventrikel nachgezeichnet und diejenigen ausgesucht, die am besten zu dem Schaltenbrand-Baileyschen stereotaktischen Atlas passen. Für den praktischen Gebrauch werden die so gewonnenen Umrißzeichnungen mit den Negativen der durchsichtigen Deckblätter kombiniert, die auf den vierfach vergrößerten Markscheidenserien des Bandes II des Atlasses befestigt sind und auf denen die Felderung und die Bezeichnungen der einzelnen Strukturen des Gehirns verzeichnet wurden. Ein Vergleich unserer Sagittalserie mit den neuen röntgenologischen Befunden zeigt eine extreme Variation in der Stellung der Meynertschen Ebene zum Achsensystem des Großhirns. Wir haben deswegen ein neues Achsensystem für den 4. Ventrikel aus den Kurvenscharen unserer Zeichnungen herausgesucht, um neue bewegliche Deckblätter für die Ventrikelkonturen des Atlasses zu gewinnen. Als Grundlage für das Achsensystem haben wir die Basis des 4. Ventrikels und eine Senkrechte, welche den oberen Brückenrand tangiert, gewählt. Weil der Winkel zwischen dem CA-CP-Achsensystem und dem Achsensystem des 4. Ventrikels von Patient zu Patient variiert, sollten diese beiden Achsensysteme bei der Bestimmung der Koordinaten von Zielpunkten getrennt benutzt werden. Die Parameter der Kleinhirngebiete sollten unabhängig von dem Zentimeternetz für den Hirnstamm gewonnen werden, da diese eine stärkere Beziehung zum Fastigium des 4. Ventrikels haben. Die so gewonnenen Unterlagen können zur Herstellung neuer Diapositivserien für die in Würzburg verwandte Gegenprojektionsmethode benutzt werden. Im Laufe der Untersuchungen entdeckten wir eine Fehlerquelle: Wenn Luft durch das Punktionsloch in den Subduralraum eindringt, sinkt das Gehirn nach der unten liegenden Seite ab. Dies ist besonders störend, wenn bei Eingriffen im Schläfenlappen beim seitlich liegenden Patienten die Ventrikel kollabieren und nach unten absinken. Der Fehler kann aber leicht durch Aufblähung des Ventrikelsystems mit Luft beseitigt werden.
    Notes: Summary All attempts to reconstruct the topography of the brain in the living from studies of animal material are handicapped by technical difficulties. The best method is to compare exact X-ray pictures, which have been taken under stereotactic conditions. From a large collection of such X-rays the authors have composed contours of the internal table of the skull and of the ventricles, which best match the brains, selected for the Schaltenbrand-Bailey stereotactic atlas. For practical purposes these contours were combined with the transparent overlays for the nomenclature and the border lines of the different parts of the basal ganglia, which have been used in the myelin sections part of the atlas. A comparison of our sagittal series with the new X-ray findings shows, that the sagittal schemata of the atlas represent an extreme variation in the position of the Meynert axis and of the contours of the 4th ventricle. We have chosen a new axis system for the hindbrain, which corresponds to the average of our brains in constructing a new set of typical overlays for the atlas. The contour of the posterior fossa had to be completed. An independent axis system for the structures of the 4th ventricle was developed, consisting of the base of the 4th ventricle, and a tangent, to the upper contour of the pons. In stereotactic procedures the axis systems for the forebrain and the hindbrain should be used independently. The results obtained are the basis for a new series of lantern slides which can be projected against the X-ray pictures with the Würzburg stereotactic equipment. In the course of this investigation we discovered a source of error. When air enters the puncture hole of the dura, the brain may sink back, so with the patient lying on his back, all structures may shift a few millimeters towards the occipital region. When the patient is lying on his side, as during an approach to the amygdala through the planum temporale, the ventricular system may collapse, so that almost no air is visible in the ventricles and the 3rd ventricle may appear to be in the lower hemisphere, the dislocation being more than 5–8 mm. But filling the ventricle with air through the ventricular catheter is sufficient to blow up the brain and to restore the normal topography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 194 (1968), S. 328-343 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden die hämodynamischen Aspekte der retrograden Brachialisangiographie und ihre praktische Bedeutung an Hand experimenteller Versuche und eines Kollektivs von 91 Angiogrammen untersucht. Im Vordergrund standen die Beziehungen zwischen Blutdruck, Pulsfrequenz, Injektionsdruck und Injektionsdauer. Die unterschiedliche Verteilung des Kontrastmittels in die verschiedenen Kopfarterien erfolgt sowohl nach den anatomischen als auch kreislaufdynamischen Gesichtspunkten. Die anatomischen Varianten spielen dabei eine wesentliche Rolle. Unter pathologischen Voraussetzungen, wie z. B. durch Vorhandensein von arterio-venösen Mißbildungen, subclavian steal-syndrome oder Verschlüssen und Stenosen der A. carotis communis und A. vertebralis ändern sich auch die physikalischen Aspekte der retrograden Brachialisangiographie, die an Hand einiger Beispiele diskutiert wurden.
    Notes: Summary Hemodynamic aspects of retrograde cerebral angiography through the brachialartery and its practical significance were examined in animal experiments and a group of 91 patients. The correlations between blood pressure and pulse rate, and between injection pressure and injection timing were the main object of this study. The distribution of the radiopaque material among the different segments of cranial arteries follows the anatomy and hemodynamics of this area, anatomical variants playing an important role. Under pathological conditions such as arteriovenous malformations, subclavian steal syndrome, stenosis or occlusion of the common carotid and vertebral arteries, respectively, the mechanical aspects of the retrograde brachial angiography are altered as verified by some clinical observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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