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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demyelinating encephalomyelitis induced by a long-term corona virus infection in rats (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 45 (1979), S. 205-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Corona virus rats ; Late onset demyelination ; Remyelination ; Multiple sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary About 30% of weanling rats inoculated with JHM virus developed a subacute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (SDE) 3 weeks after inoculation (a.i.). From the remaining animals, 5% displayed overt neurological signs 3,6, and 8 months a.i. Animals with and without clinical signs 6–8 months a.i. were morphologically examined. Fresh demyelinating lesions could be demonstrated in paralyzed animals. Viral antigen was demonstrated and infectious JHM virus could be recovered from one animal which developed clinical signs at 3 months a.i. In one animal with clinical onset of 8 months a.i., completely remyelinated areas as well as recent demyelinating lesions were observed, suggesting a recurrence of the disease process. Remyelinated areas were also found in 40% of clinically silent animals. The morphology of the late onset of the demyelination was similar to that occurring in SDE. Remyelination consisted of both CNS and PNS-type. This animal model offers the possibility to investigate the virus-host relationship which is responsible for the induction of a demyelinating process after a long incubation period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702672
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spinocerebellar degeneration with prominent involvement of the motor neuron system: Autopsy report of a sporadic case (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 70 (1986), S. 82-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Spinocerebellar degeneration ; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Sporadic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A sporadic case of spinocerebellar degeneration with prominent involvement of the motor neuron system is reported. A Japanese male without contributing family history, developed cerebellar ataxia at the age of 52, followed by generalized amyotrophy and ophthalmoplegia, and died aged 58. The clinical findings were pathologically verified as degeneration of the spino-ponto-cerebellar system and the motor neuron system, the latter almost identical to those of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Additional subclinical changes were found in the dentate nucleus and substantia nigra. Brain-stem nuclei subserving eye movements were well preserved, suggesting a supranuclear basis for the ophthalmoplegia. This unusual combination of system degenerations has on rare occasions been reported in the heredofamilial cerebellar disorders. As a sporadic case, however, this may be the first autopsy case of spinocerebellar degeneration with severe concurrent involvement of the motor neuron system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689519
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant melanotic neuroectodermal tumor arising from the pineal body (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 654-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Pineal origin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of a melanotic neuroectodermal tumor arising from pineal region of a 4-year-old girl is presented. The tumor had spread diffusely to the meninges, consistent with malignant behavior. Histologically, the tumor consisted primarily of epithelial elements arranged in tubules, cords and nests separated by fibrous vascular tissue in addition to a small neuroblastomatous focus. Melanin pigment was frequently observed in the epithelial tumor cells, and melanin-laden macrophages were also often observed. No teratoid elements were found. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for neuron-specific enolase but were nonreactive for S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, α-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophin. Ultrastructurally, the epithelial nature of the tumor cells could be easily demonstrated. In addition, melanosomes in various stages in maturation were observed, indicating melanogenesis of the tumor. On the basis of the tumor location and the histological similarities previously observed for the fetal pineal body, it is very likely that this melanotic epithelial tumor could have originated from the fetal pineal gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687894
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Onuf's nucleus and the external anal sphincter muscles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Shy-Drager syndrome (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 58 (1982), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Onuf's nucleus ; Sphincter muscles ; ALS ; Shy-Drager syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anterior sacral horns and external anal sphincter muscle were examined histologically with special reference to Onuf's nucleus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Shy-Drager syndrome. Onuf's nucleus and the external anal sphincter muscles were well preserved in ALS, but in Shy-Drager syndrome both structures showed marked degenerative changes. These findings suggest that Onuf's nucleus does not belong to the autonomic neurons, but to the motoneurons in anterior sacral horn, and it innervates the external sphincter muscles of the anus and urethra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688606
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic recurrent demyelinating encephalomyelitis associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 59 (1983), S. 25-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Demyelinating disease ; Infundibulo-hypophysitis ; Hepatosplenomegaly ; Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A man aged 31 with remittent fever, leukopenia, polyuria, and splenomegaly in addition to chronic and recurrent episodes of neurologic abnormalities was examined pathologically. A chronic type of perivenous encephalomyelitis was found in the CNS, and chronic inflammatory lesions were noticed in the infundibulo-hypophyseal system and also in the peripheral nerves. Moreover, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis predominated in the reticuloendothelial system. This seemed to be the first adult case of demyelinating disease with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690313
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoplasmic tubular inclusion in ganglioneuroma (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 64 (1984), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ganglioneuroma ; Cytoplasmic tubular inclusion ; Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Unusual tubular inclusions were observed in the cytoplasm of ganglion cells of a mediastinal ganglioneuroma in a boy of 7 years. The inclusions consisted of an aggregation of about 100-nm-sized tubular structures resembling ‘honeycomb-like’ tubular structures in the axoplasm of rats and mice and suggested to be derived from dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. These structures differ from profiles reported in normal and pathologic conditions and seem to be related to the neoplastic character of the ganglion cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695612
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization of a JC virus (Sap-1) clone derived from a cerebellar form of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 105-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Polyomavirus JC ; Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) ; Cerebellar PML ; Molecular characterization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease caused by polyomavirus JC (JCV). In the majority of cases of PML the cerebrum is mainly affected (cerebral PML) but on rare occasions lesions are restricted to the cerebellum and brain stem (cerebellar PML). We report a rare cerebellar PML case which occurred in a Japanese patient undergoing prolonged hemodialysis treatment. To understand the molecular basis of the viral tissue tropism, we molecularly cloned JCV DNA and compared it with those of cerebral PML. Of ten clones analyzed nine showed identical fragment patterns after digestion with various restriction endonucleases, and we designated these clones Sap-1. It could be shown that the basic structures of the regulatory regions are similar between Sap-1 and isolates from cerebral PML. Restriction endonuclease mapping analysis was used to examine the genetic relationship between Sap-1 and urine-derived isolates containing the archetypal regulatory sequence. We found that Sap-1 was genetically related to an archetypal JCV isolate in Japan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308469
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Latent herpes simplex virus type 1 in human geniculate ganglia (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Herpes simplex virus ; Latent infection ; Human geniculate ganglion ; In situ hybridization ; Bell's palsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Viral infection, especially by reactivation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been considered to be a possible explanation for the pathogenesis of idiopathic peripheral facial nerve palsy (Bell's palsy). We investigated whether the geniculate ganglia of man contain latent HSV type 1 (HSV-1), and compared the frequency of HSV-infected ganglia and that of latently infected neurons in human geniculate ganglia and in trigeminal ganglia. From autopsy specimens of eight adults 15 geniculate ganglia and 16 trigeminal ganglia were examined by means of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining. The HSV-1 genome was detected in 11 of the 15 (71%) geniculate ganglia and in 13 of the 16 (81%) trigeminal ganglia. No HSV antigen was noted in any of the ganglia. The incidence of latently infected neurons was 0.9% in the trigeminal ganglia and 5.3% in the geniculate ganglia. The difference in percentages between the two types of ganglia was significant. Our results suggest that reactivation of latent HSV in the geniculate ganglia is a probable cause of some cases of herpetic stomatitis and of idiopathic peripheral facial nerve palsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427213
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corona virus induced subacute demyelinating encephalomyelitis in rats: A morphological analysis (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 44 (1978), S. 63-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Corona virus ; Weanling rats ; Demyelination ; Immunofluorescence ; Electron microscopy ; Oligodendrocyte and Astrocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty percent of weanling rats infected with JHM murine corona virus developed a subacute demyelinating encephalomyelitis approximately 3 weeks after intracerebral inoculation. Small demyelinating foci were located in the deep cerebral white matter and large, sharply demarcated demyelinating lesions were detectable in optic chiasma, pons and spinal cord. Axons as well as neurons were well preserved in the demyelinating plaques in areas where the lesions extended to the gray matter. Perivascular cuffings, consisting of plasma cells and mononuclear cells, were frequently found. Viral antigen was found mostly in the white matter and in glial cells, leaving neurons unstained. Electron microscopic studies of the early lesions of white matter disclosed two different kinds of cell degeneration which developed prior to the myelin disruption and mononuclear cell infiltration. One was a small pyknotic cell, which is thought to be an oligodendrocyte and the other is a ballooned cell containing abundant microtubules. Virus particles could be demonstrated only in the latter cell type. Discussion about astrocytes as well as oligodendrocytes was made in relation to the initial stage of demyelination caused by virus infection. This animal model may be useful in the analysis of the mechanisms leading to demyelination in subacute or chronic infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691641
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retinal amacrine cell involvement in Tay-Sachs disease (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 53 (1981), S. 333-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amacrine cell ; Tay-Sachs disease ; Ultrastructure ; Biochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural study of the retina from a patient with Tay-Sachs disease disclosed that amacrine cells as well as ganglion cells were loaded with numerous membranous cytoplasmic bodies, suggesting an accumulation of GM2 ganglioside, whereas the horizontal cells, bipolar cells, and photoreceptor cells were intact. Chromatography of lipids from the retina showed a prominent spot of GM2 ganglioside. These facts suggest that lipid metabolism in amacrine cells may be different from that in other retinal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690376
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