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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of natural products 48 (1985), S. 491-493 
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 48 (1992), S. 47-50 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Peptide YY ; vasoactive intestinal peptide ; colon ; electrolyte and water transport ; rat ; in vivo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Peptide YY (PYY) is thought to possess paracrine and endocrine functions. The highest concentrations of this peptide are in the colonic mucosa. The effect of PYY on electrolyte and water transport in the rat colon was studied in vivo. Under urethane anesthesia, rat colonic loops were perfused at a constant rate with physiological buffer solution containing phenol red as a nonabsorbable volume marker, and net movements of water, sodium, chloride and potassium in the perfused colon were determined every 10 min. Intravenous administration of PYY produced a dose-dependent increase in the net absorption of sodium chloride and water, as well as a decrease in the net secretion of potassium. PYY inhibited the reduction in net absorption of sodium chloride and water evoked by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), but did not affect the VIP-evoked increase in net potassium secretion. These findings suggest that PYY acts as an enhancer of sodium chloride and water absorption and as an antagonist to VIP-induced secretion in the colon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Hyperglycaemia ; embryogenesis ; rat embryo culture ; malformation ; sorbitol ; myo-inositol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To demonstrate the myo-inositol depletion hypothesis in hyperglycaemia-induced embryopathy, rat conceptuses of 9.5 days of gestation in the early head-fold stage were grown in vitro during neural tube formation for 48 h with increasing amounts of glucose. The effects of an aldose reductase inhibitor and the myo-inositol supplementation were also investigated. Sorbitol and myo-inositol contents were measured in separated embryos and extra-embryonic membranes including yolk sac and amnion at the end of culture. After addition of 33.3 mmol/l and 66.7 mmol/l glucose to the culture media, the myo-inositol content of the embryos was significantly decreased by 43.1% (p〈0.05) and 64.6% (p 〈 0.01) of the control group, while a marked accumulation of sorbitol was observed (25 and 41 times that of the control). Although the addition of an aldose reductase inhibitor (0.7 mmol/l) to the hyperglycaemic culture media containing an additional 66.7 mmol/l glucose significantly reduced the sorbitol content of embryos to approximately one-eighth, the myo-inositol content of embryos remained decreased and the frequency of neural lesions was unchanged (23.1% vs 23.9%, NS). Supplementation of the myo-inositol (0.28 mmol/l) completely restored the myo-inositol content of the embryos and resulted in a significant decrease in the frequency of neural lesions (7.1% vs 23.9%, p 〈 0.01) and a significant increase in crown-rump length and somite numbers. Much less significantly, sorbitol accumulation was also observed in the extra-embryonic membrane in response to hyperglycaemia, neither hyperglycaemia nor the myo-inositol supplementation modified the myo-inositol contents of the extra-embryonic membrane. We conclude that the mechanism of hyperglycaemia-induced teratogenicity was mediated by the myo-inositol depletion of the embryo at a critical stage of organogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Islet cell antibodies ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes ; Epstein-Barr virus ; peripheral blood lymphocytes ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Islet cell antibodies are usually detected in the sera of almost all Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients within several months after onset of the disease. The antibodies then disappear quite early during the course of the disease. The present study was undertaken to detect islet cell antibody-producing clones in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Type 1 diabetic patients whose islet cell antibodies could not be detected in sera. Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes were employed to enhance the production of antibodies and to detect the clones from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from 40 islet cell antibody-negative Type 1 diabetic patients, 10 antibody-positive Type 1 diabetic patients, 30 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and 40 normal control subjects. Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes were cultured for 4 weeks and the culture supernatants were used for assay of islet cell antibodies. Islet cell antibody assays were performed by immunohistochemical methods using peroxidase-labelled protein A for IgG antibodies, peroxidase-labelled anti-human IgM antibodies for IgM antibodies and fresh frozen human pancreatic tissue. IgG-islet cell antibodies were detected in 26 islet cell antibody-negative patients (65%), eight antibody-positive patients (80%) and one Type 2 diabetic patient (3%) in the culture supernatants. Islet cell antibodies in the supernatants could not be detected in any of the control subjects. IgM-islet cell antibodies could not be detected in any of the patients or control subjects. These findings indicate that islet cell antibody-producing clones exist in peripheral blood lymphocytes from Type 1 diabetic patients whose islet cell antibodies cannot be detected in their sera and IgG-islet cell antibodies might be a specific characteristic of Type 1 diabetes. The detection of islet cell antibodies from Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes may be useful in examining the role of autoimmune mechanisms in the development of disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 82-84 
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Lymphangioma ; Spleen ; MRI ; CT, septation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of histologically confirmed cystic lymphangioma of the spleen was presented. On MR imaging, the mass was shown as multiloculated hyperintensity areas on T2-weighted images, corresponding to dilated lymphatic spaces. The septa were demonstrated as hypointensity bands, corresponding to abundant fibrous connective tissues. MR findings correlated well with histologic findings. MRI was a useful noninvasive modality for the diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 62 (1984), S. 194-200 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Tubulomembranous structure ; Fingerprint-like structure ; Distal myopathy ; Rimmed vacuole ; Autophagic vacuole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscle biopsies from four patients were studied histochemically and electron-microscopically: they had myopathy of juvenile or early-adult onset, in which distal limb muscles were most severely affected but muscles supplied by cranial nerves were spared. Common histochemical findings included variation in fiber size, necrosis, phagocytosis, fiber splitting, central nuclei, endomysial fibrosis, and particularly rimmed vacuoles. Electron-microscopic examination revealed frequent autophagic vacuoles with numerous myeloid bodies. In addition, sarcoplasmic inclusion bodies with periodically laminated structures similar to the tubulomembranous structures (TMSs) first described by Fukuhara et al. (1981) in an atypical myopathy were found in all four cases, and in one, there were fingerprint-like structures resembling those described in neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses. These inclusions occasionally contained areas resembling lipofuscin pigment. They are certainly residual bodies of lysosomal origin, which might be related to the rimmed-vacuolar degeneration of the muscle, but whether or not they represent some specific metabolic abnormalities seems to remain an open question since the present cases differed clinically from either of the atypical myopathies with TMSs (Fukuhara et al. 1981) or any type of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 54 (1984), S. 437-445 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rat ; Spinal motoneurones ; Recurrent discharge ; Electrical synapse ; In vitro study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The excitatory interaction between spinal motoneurones was investigated by means of electromyogram (EMG) recordings from hindlimb muscles as well as intracellular ones from their innervating motoneurones in the isolated preparation of immature rats. Stimulation of the muscle nerve to biceps femoris or medial gastrocnemius or of the L5 ventral root evoked early and late EMG responses in the muscle of the preparations with the dorsal roots cut. The early response was produced directly by volleys in the motor nerve. The late response was of spinal origin, since it disappeared after the severance of the ventral root. The thresholds and the conduction velocities of nerve fibres, which conducted the centripetal impulse causing the late response, were compatible with those of motor nerve fibres. The amplitude of the late response was 5–10% of that of the maximum early EMG response. Intracellular recordings from spinal motoneurones revealed that stimulation of the ventral root elicited the double discharge composed of antidromic and delayed spike potentials. The delayed spike was never evoked after the spike potential elicited directly by a short depolarizing pulse. The double discharge was observed in about 6% of the motoneurones examined. The threshold of the stimulus intensity evoking the double discharge was in the range of those of motor nerve fibres. The latencies of the delayed excitation were 7.0–9.0 ms, comparable to the intraspinal delays of the late EMG response. Stimulation of the ventral root at intensities subthreshold for antidromic activation was found to produce a small depolarizing potential in about 60% of the motoneurones examined. The amplitudes were 0.5–5.0 mV, and the onset and the peak latencies 2.0–7.0 ms and 5.0–8.0 ms, respectively. The potential was unaffected by the deficiency of calcium ions in the perfusing medium and persisted after the degeneration of the afferent fibres in the ventral root. It was thus concluded that the depolarizing potential was generated by electrical synapses between motoneurones. In a few motoneurones the electrical synaptic potential was found to elicit spike potentials. Latencies of these spikes were similar to those of the delayed excitation in motoneurones with the double discharge. The time course of changes in the excitability in these motoneurones showed that the delayed excitation, hence the late EMG response, was also caused by the electrical synaptic potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 52 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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