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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 954-958 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Nosocomial infection ; Rotavirus gastro-enteritis ; SDS-PAGE ; Serotyping ELISA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Faecal samples were collected from patients with gastro-enteritis during two winter seasons on a paediatric ward. Three outbreaks of nosocomial rotavirus gastro-enteritis were identified by latex agglutination and the virus strains were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the genome nucleic acid and by subgrouping and serotyping enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). One outbreak was caused by serotype 1 rotavirus, one by serotype 2 and the remaining outbreak was caused by a mixture of serotypes 1 and 4. Identical electrophoretic patterns of the rotavirus genome in each outbreak combined with the ELISA results indicate that these three outbreaks were hospital-acquired cases. The index cases in the three outbreaks were community-acquired and one of two index cases in the second outbreak was hospital-acquired. On each occasion, susceptible roommates were easily infected from the index cases and then cross-infection occurred in the paediatric ward. Possible vehicles were the medical staff, especially doctors, parents of infected patients and infected patients who were moved to other rooms. One patient who had been treated with a series of antitumour therapies excreted rotaviruses in faeces for a long time period and probably played a role as a source.of the outbreak. Moreover, some patients still excreted rotaviruses in their normal stool 1 week after recovery from gastro-enteritis. These findings indicate that continual examination of stool samples for rotaviruses until they are negative may be important to prevent the spread of rotavirus infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 304-306 (Feb. 1999), p. 705-710 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 8 (1992), S. 187-189 
    ISSN: 0925-4005
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 188 (1992), S. 243-250 
    ISSN: 0378-4371
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics Letters 211 (1993), S. 211-213 
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 2330-2335 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Buried wires with lateral potential barriers provided by AlGaAs/GaAs heterointerfaces have been fabricated by wet etching and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition regrowth. Burying the wire was proven to enhance the electrical transport properties; for example, it decreased the critical width and increased the subband energy separation. Two-dimensional simulation using the Poisson equation was performed to obtain the potential profile of both as-etched and buried wires. The quantum energy levels corresponding to the lateral confinement were calculated for the obtained potential profiles. The calculated energy separations agreed well with the experimental ones and the subband energy separation of the buried wire was larger than that of the as-etched wire for the same effective width. These results show that burying wire is effective for creating strong lateral confinement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although previous studies have paid much attention to the condylar movement in adults with permanent dentition, little attention has been paid to such movement in children. In this study, we therefore clarified the difference in habitual open and close movements at the condyle in children. Three groups of subjects were used; primary (10 children), early mixed (10 children), and permanent dentition (10 adults). The habitual open and close mandibular movement of each subject was measured using a TRIMET, which can three-dimensionally analyse the simultaneous movements of multiple points on the mandible of a subject. The measurements were then compared among the three groups. The three-dimensional analysis detected significant difference in all directions between children with primary dentition and adults with permanent dentition: primary dentition had the smallest anterior–posterior and superior–inferior directions, and the largest left–right direction. Coincidence of the open and close tracks occurred in the adults (adult group) but not in the children (primary and early-mixed dentition groups). The early-mixed dentition group showed tracks that were between those for the primary dentition group and the adult group. These results suggest that the regularity of the condylar track might be well established with dental development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to develop a method for calculating the range of the occluding phase in chewing movements. In this study, we defined ‘range’ as the distance of the movement at the lower incisal point while the mandible moves with tooth contact. First, mandibular excursions were measured using an opto-electronic movement analysis system, which can measure mandibular movement with six degrees-of-freedom at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. With use of this measurement data, the curved mesh diagram of mandibular excursion (CMDME) previously reported was made. Then, chewing movements were measured using the same analysis system. The movements were separated into their component chewing cycles. Finally, we calculated the distance between each cycle and the CMDME. The occluding range of our subject was 0·4 mm at the closing phase and 3·4 mm at the opening phase. These results suggest that tooth contact occurs during chewing movement and demonstrate that the range of the occluding phase for the opening and closing phases of a subject can be calculated without morphological data from a dental cast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The CMDME (curved mesh diagram of mandibular excursion) method was developed for easy visualization and diagnosis of mandibular movement. This method uses measured mandibular movement to produce a diagram of the range, shape, and inclination of mandibular excursion in three dimensions using any arbitrary landmark of the mandible. First, the mandibular movement of a subject was measured by an opto-electronic movement analysis system capable of measuring mandibular movement with six degrees-of-freedom at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. For the measurement, the subject was initially instructed to perform four repetitions of mandibular excursion at will, with tooth contact, each lasting 30 s. A total of 12 000 positions of the mandible were thus obtained. Secondly, an attempt was made to match these positions to intersection points (0·1 mm apart) of a CMDME (i.e. mesh) for arbitrary mandibular landmarks with intercuspal position at the origin. The CMDME method can visualize mandibular excursion, and can be used to compare several landmarks, different subjects, or different times. This makes this method an effective diagnostic tool for mandibular movement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 18 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The relationship between isotonic jaw-opening and jaw-closing muscle function was studied using a newly developed apparatus which enables load and velocity to be detected simultaneously. The following results were obtained from 17 male adults(age range 22–23 years) without any occlusal dysfunction.(i) The force-velocity relationship in jaw-opening and jaw-closing muscles was represented by a hyperbolic curve, which fitted well with Hill's equation.(ii) The theoretical maximum force obtained by extrapolation from regression was 32.55±4.98 kg for jaw opening and 35.74±4.52 kg for jaw closing.(iii) The theoretical maximum velocity obtained by extrapolation from regression was 456.70±183.27 mm s−1 for jaw opening and 372.77±141.67 mm s−1 for jaw closing.(iv) The maximum mechanical power (Pmax) calculated from the product of the force and velocity was 772.20±182.65 kg.mm s−1 for jaw opening and 708.68±128.14 kg.mm s−1 for jaw closing.(v) The Pmax exerted by individual subjects was approximately 12–34% of the maximum possible force (Fmax) calculated from the force and velocity, in both jaw opening and jaw closing.There were no statistically significant differences between jaw opening and jaw closing with regard to any isotonic muscle functions. In other words, the results of this study strongly indicated a substantial balance between isotonic jaw-opening and jaw-closing muscle function in the subjects who were investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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