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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 90 (1992), S. 188-190 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary From a total of 65 colorectal adenocarcinomas studied by cytogenetic methods, 33 were selected for the present study; in addition to other karyotypic anomalies, these 33 showed a loss of the short arm of chromosome 17. This loss was either the result of a deletion or rearrangement, or caused by the loss of a whole chromosome 17. The 17p-tumors were characterized by a high grade of karyotypic abnormality including a high incidence of cases with double minutes. A gain of chromosomes 2, 7, 19, and 20, and the loss of chromosome 18 and the Y-chromosome were the most frequent numerical anomalies associated with 17p-, as were structural changes of chromosomes 1 and 5. The most impressive difference in the pattern of proto-oncogene over-expression between the 17p-tumors and those without this anomaly was the significantly increased frequency of cases with c-erbB over-expression. Some significant, but also loose, associations were found between cytogenetic/ oncogenetic and histopathologic or clinical features of these tumors. The patterns of genetic changes in cells of colorectal carcinomas may thus reflect the potential of the future development, rather than the present clinical features, of the respective tumor. Therefore, the character of the change seems to be more prognostic than diagnostic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Heart – Magnetic resonance imaging – Heart function tests – Cardiac volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We examined possible age- and gender-specific differences in the function and mass of left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles in 36 healthy volunteers using cine gradient-recalled echo magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects were divided into four groups (nine men and nine women in each): men aged under 45 years (32 ± 7), women aged under 45 (27 ± 6), men aged over 45 (59 ± 8), and women aged over 45 (57 ± 9). Functional analysis of cardiac volume and mass and of LV wall motion was performed by manual segmentation of the endocardial and epicardial borders of the end-diastolic and end-systolic frame; both absolute and normalized (per square meter body surface area) values were evaluated. With age there was a significant decrease in both absolute and normalized LV and RV chamber volumes (EDV, ESV), while LV and RV masses remained unchanged. Gender-specific differences were found in cardiac mass and volume (for men and women, respectively: LV mass, 155 ± 18 and 110 ± 16 g; LV EDV, 118 ± 27 and 96 ± 21 ml; LV ESV, 40 ± 13 and 29 ± 9 ml; RV mass, 52 ± 10 and 39 ± 5 g; RV EDV, 131 ± 28 and 100 ± 23 ml; RV ESV, 53 ± 17 and 33 ± 15 ml). Normalization to body surface area eliminated differences in LV volumes but not those in LV mass, RV mass, or RV function. Functional parameters such as cardiac output and LV ejection fraction showed nonsignificant or only slight differences and were thus largely independent of age and gender. Intra- and interobserver variability ranged between 1.4 % and 5.9 % for all parameters. Cine magnetic resonance imaging thus shows age- and gender-specific differences in cardiac function, and therefore the evaluation of cardiac function in patients should consider age- and gender-matched normative values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 52 (1991), S. 233 
    ISSN: 0165-4608
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 26 (1994), S. 527-537 
    ISSN: 0022-2828
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Coronary flow ; Isolated heart ; Renin-Angiotensin system
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 86 (1997), S. 657-668 
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) — myocardial perfusion — Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) — wall motion — coronary artery stenosis ; Schlüsselwörter Magnetresonanz-Bildgebung — koronare Herzerkrankung — Koronarstenose — Myokardperfusion — Wandbewegung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique with increasing importance in clinical medicine. It has become a valuable and reliable imaging tool in the diagnosis and management of many medical and surgical conditions. Important advantages of MRI are its flexibility in orientation of imaging plane and the possibility of both anatomical and functional imaging. MRI is based on the application and detection of radio signals and works without any exposure to ionizing radiation, and therefore it is regarded as a safe imaging technique. In the heart there are well established imaging indications such as in acquired and congenital heart disease, pericardial and aortic disease and visualisation of cardiac masses and hypertrophy. Its applications in coronary artery disease (CAD) have been relatively limited, but recent developments in ultrafast imaging sequences and computer hardware have led to a considerable improvement in spatial and temporal image resolution. This has made applications in CAD a possibility, particularly coronary imaging and myocardial perfusion imaging. Recent clinical studies report good correlation between Magnetic Resonance Coronary Angiography (MRCA) and conventional x-ray contrast angiography in the detection of coronary lesions. In the assessment of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patency and the definition of anomalous coronary arteries, MRI showed good sensitivity and specificity. The first results of coronary artery flow measurements have now been reported. Myocardial perfusion imaging and stress-ventriculography for detection of wall motion abnormalities are reported as indirect imaging methods with high reliability and clinical value in the diagnosis of CAD: This overview describes recent developments in cardiac MRI and assesses the current and future value of MRI for clinical cardiology.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Magnetresonanz-Bildgebung ist ein nichtinvasives Verfahren, dessen klinische Bedeutung in den letzten Jahren aufgrund technischer Fortschritte rapide gewachsen ist. Wichtige Vorteile der Methode sind die große Flexibilität in der Bildebenenwahl und die Möglichkeit, neben anatomischen auch funktionelle Informationen zu erhalten. Magnetresonanz-Imaging (MRI) basiert auf der Applikation und Detektion von hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wellen im Radiofrequenzspektrum und arbeitet ohne jegliche Strahlenbelastung für den Patienten. Dies macht es zu einer sicheren Bildgebungsmethode, die auch in der modernen Kardiologie immer größere Anwendung findet. Durch die Entwicklung neuer Bildgebungssequenzen und Computer-Hardware werden kontinuierliche Verbesserungen von räumlicher und zeitlicher Bildauflösung erzielt. Gerade die hohe zeitliche Auflösung ist Voraussetzung für eine MR-Bildgebung bewegter Strukturen und macht den Einsatz von MRI in der kardiologischen Diagnostik erst möglich. Neben etablierten Indikationen wie der Darstellung angeborener und erworbener Herzfehler, Erkrankungen von Perikard und Aorta oder Darstellung kardialer Tumoren werden Fortschritte auf den unterschiedlichsten Gebieten der Kardiologie beschrieben. Einen großen Bereich stellt hierbei die Diagnostik der koronaren Herzerkrankung mittels MR-Bildgebung dar. Erste klinische Daten zur Magnetresonanz-Koronarangiographie (MRCA) zeigen gute Korrelation zu den Befunden der konventionellen Röntgenkontrast-Angiographie in der Erkennung von Gefäßläsionen. Auch in der Beurteilung von koronarvenöser Bypass-Funktion und in der Definition von Koronargefäß-Anomalien werden hohe Sensitivität und Spezifität der MR-Bildgebung berichtet. Myokardperfusions-Imaging und die Beurteilung von Wandbewegungsstörungen mittels MRI unter pharmakologischer Belastung werden als indirekte Methoden der KHK-Diagnostik mit hoher Zuverlässigkeit vorgestellt. Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die jüngsten Entwicklungen in den genannten Bildgebungsverfahren und stellt besonders deren aktuelle und zukünftige klinische Bedeutung für die kardiologische Diagnostik dar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 89 (2000), S. S074 
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words MR spectroscopy – ATP – phosphocreatine – coronary artery disease – heart failure ; Schlüsselwörter MR-Spektroskopie – ATP – Phosphocreatin – Koronare Herzkrankheit – Herzinsuffizienz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die MR-Spektroskopie ist die einzige Methode, die eine für den Patienten nichtinvasive Analyse des Myokardstoffwechsels ohne den Einsatz externer radioaktiver “Tracer” erlaubt. Die 31-P-Spektroskopie ermöglicht die Untersuchung des Stoffwechsels der energiereichen Phosphate ATP und Phosphocreatin. Klinische Studien zur 31P-Spektroskopie konzentrieren sich bisher im wesentlichen auf drei Themenkomplexe: Herzinsuffizienz, Herzklappenfehler und koronare Herzkrankheit. Ob sich das Verfahren in der klinischen Routine durchsetzen wird, kann derzeit noch nicht abgeschätzt werden.
    Notes: Summary MR spectroscopy is the only method that allows for the noninvasive study of cardiac metabolism in the human heart without the use of external radioactive tracers. 31P-spectroscopy allows to examine the high-energy phosphates ATP and phosphocreatine. Clinical studies with 31P-spectroscopy have focused on three areas: heart failure, valve disease and coronary artery disease. Whether MR spectroscopy will become a routine diagnostic tool in the future remains to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 87 (1998), S. 667-675 
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Myokardischämie – Herzinusffizienz – neurohumorale Systeme – Hämodynamik – Remodelling ; Key words Myocardial ischemia – cardiac failure – neurohumoral systems – hemodynamics – remodeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Myocardial ischemia results in myocardial dysfunction. Recovery may be delayed (“stunning”), or persistent if perfusion remains reduced (“hibernation”) and ischemia may go on to necrosis, thus, contributing to chronic heart failure. In addition, myocardium not directly affected by ischemia may undergo adaptive processes like hypertrophy and dilatation, which may result in chronic left heart failure. This process is characterized by hemodynamic, neurohumoral, and progressive morphologic changes of the heart which are closely interrelated. Hemodynamic changes basically consist of an increase in left ventricular filling pressure and a decrease in global ejection fraction, and, in most cases years after myocardial infarction, in an increase in systemic vascular resistance and right atrial pressure. Neurohumoral changes consist of an increase in plasma catecholamines, atrial natriuretic factor and vasopressin, and in an activation of the renin-angiotensin-system. Plasma endothelin-1 was recently reported to be increased in patients with heart failure, and prognosis was related to endothelin levels. Diminished response of vessels to endothelium (EDRF/NO) dependent vasodilatation suggests impairment of vascular endothelium in heart failure. Local changes of cardiac neurohumoral systems could contribute to structural changes of the heart, e.g., systemic activation to hemodynamic changes. Structural changes of the heart are characterized by an increase in volume and thickness of surviving myocardium and an expansion of ischemic and necrotic myocardium. Molecular control of these processes which include various cell types, such as cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts, are currently an issue of intense research and could result in specific therapeutic importance.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Myokardischämie führt zu Störungen der myokardialen Funktion, die sich als “Stunning” verzögert erholen, bei persistierend reduzierter Durchblutung als “Hibernation” persistieren oder in Nekrose münden können. Diese Störungen können im Rahmen einer Myokardischämie zur Herzinsuffizienz beitragen. Darüber hinaus kommt es jedoch bei nicht direkt von der Ischämie betroffenem Myokard zu Anpassungsvorgängen, insbesondere Hypertrophie und Dilatation, die zur chronischen Linksherzinsuffizienz führen können. Diese Entwicklung ist von hämodynamischen und neurohumoralen Veränderungen sowie progredienten morphologischen Veränderungen des Herzens charakterisiert, welche in enger Beziehung zueinander stehen. Die hämodynamischen Veränderungen bestehen im wesentlichen in einer Zunahme des linksventrikulären Füllungsdrucks und einer Abnahme der globalen Ejektionsfraktion, meist jedoch erst Jahre nach dem Infarkt, schließlich in einer Zunahme des systemischen Gefäßwiderstandes und rechten Vorhofdruckes. Die neurohumoralen Veränderungen bestehen in einer Zunahme von Plasmakatecholaminen, atrialem natriuretischem Faktor und Vasopressin, schließlich in einer Aktivierung des Renin-Angiotensin-Systems. Endothelin-1 wurde neuerdings bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz erhöht gefunden mit einer prognostischen Bedeutung gesteigerter Endothelin-Plasmaspiegel. Ein vermindertes Ansprechen der Gefäße auf eine Endothel-(EDHF/NO-)abhängige Vasodilatation spricht für weitere Störungen des Gefäßendothels bei der Herzinsuffizienz. Lokale Veränderungen von kardialen neurohumoralen Systemen könnten an Strukturveränderungen des Herzens, systemische Aktivierung an hämodynamischen Veränderungen beteiligt sein. Die Strukturveränderungen des Herzens sind charakterisiert durch eine Volumenzunahme und Dickenzunahme des überlebenden Myokardes sowie eine Expansion des ischämischen und nekrotischen Myokards. Die molekulare Steuerung dieser Prozesse, die verschiedene Zelltypen, insbesondere die Kardiomyozyten und Kardiofibroblasten betrifft, ist zur Zeit Gegenstand intensiver Forschung und könnte eine besondere therapeutische Bedeutung erlangen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Heart ; Ischaemia ; MR imaging ; MR spectroscopy ; High-energy phosphates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The value of 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as a possible tool to distinguish viable from non-viable tissue after myocardial infarction was analysed in humans. Fifteen patients 3 weeks after anterior myocardial infarction were studied with breath-hold cine MRI and 3D-CSI MRS (1.5 T system). 31P-spectra were obtained from infarcted as well as non-infarcted myocardium (voxel size 25 cm3 each). Gold standard for viability was recovery of regional function, as determined by a control MRI 6 months after revascularization. Ten age-matched healthy volunteers served as control group. No significant difference was found between the phosphocreatine to adenosinetriphosphate (PCr/ATP) ratio of volunteers (SD 1.72 ± 0.31) and non-infarcted septal myocardium of patients. Cine MRI demonstrated recovery of regional function in 10 patients, i. e. 10 patients showed viable and 5 non-viable myocardium. In viable myocardium, the PCr/ATP ratio was 1.47 ± 0.38 (non-significant vs volunteers; p 〉 0.05). In the 5 patients with akinetic myocardium, PCr peaks could not be detected. Therefore, calculation of PCr/ATP ratios was not possible. However, a significant reduction of the ATP signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was observed (2.92 ± 0.73 vs 6.68 ± 0.80; patients vs volunteers; p 〈0.05). The SNR of ATP of akinetic regions may predict recovery of function after revascularization in patients with myocardial infarction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 185 (1985), S. 429-443 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Myocardial blood flow ; Angiotensin II ; Saralasin ; Nephrectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of hypoxia and the renin-angiotensin system on metabolic coronary regulation in hemorrhagic shock was studied in 22 anesthetized open-chest dogs. Left circumflex coronary blood flow was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter. Dogs were ventilated with room air (n = 8) or 100% oxygen (n = 7). A third group of dogs was ventilated with room air and bilaterally nephrectomized 5 h prior to starting the experimental protocol (n = 7). After control data had been obtained, dogs were bled from the femoral arteries into a pressurized reservoir which maintained blood pressure at 45 ± 1 mm Hg. The angiotensin II receptor blocker, saralasin, was then infused i.v. (0.1, 1.0, 10.0 µg/kg per min). Coronary blood flow was reduced by hemorrhage, and no significant difference existed in coronary flow during hemorrhage among the three groups. Coronary sinus oxygen saturation was diminished in control animals during hemorrhage from 26% ± 1% to 17% ± 1% (P 〈 0.05) but normal in 100% oxygen ventilated animals (30% ± 3%) and in nephrectomized dogs (34% ± 4%). Coronary oxygen extraction was reduced by saralasin in intact but not in nephrectomized dogs. In six additional experiments, in which blood pressure was not artificially held constant during saralasin infusion, saralasin still significantly improved coronary sinus oxygen saturation and thus reduced coronary oxygen extraction. The data suggest that both hypoxia and the reninangiotensin system participate in the restriction of metabolic coronary regulation in hemorrhagic shock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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