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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological evidence for a spinal antinociceptive action of dipyrone (1994)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 41 (1994), S. 62-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Dipyrone ; Metamizol ; Spinal cord ; Afferent fibres ; Inflammatory pain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electrophysiological experiments in anesthetized cats and rats were performed in order to study the effects of dipyrone on single afferent fibers from the knee joint and on spinal cord neurons with knee joint input. The neurons were activated and/or rendered hyperexcitable by an acute inflammation in the knee joint. In the joint nerve in cats, intravenous dipyrone (25–100 mg/kg) reduced ongoing activity in 10/12 thinly myelinated afferents but only in 1/10 unmyelinated afferents; the responses to movements of the inflamed knee were reduced in 8/10 thinly myelinated but only in 3/10 unmyelinated units. The reduction of activity was significant 20–30 min after application and was maximal at 60–180 min. In the spinal cord of spinalized cats, intravenous dipyrone (25–100 mg/kg) reduced ongoing activity and/or responses to pressure onto the inflamed knee in 14/16 neurons and in non-spinalized rats similar effects were seen in 10/11 neurons. Effects on spinal cord neurons started 5–10 min after application and were maximal after 20–40 min. These data show pronounced suppression of inflammation-induced nociception by dipyrone and they suggest that the spinal cord is a major site of action of this compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01986396
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Spinal Neurokinin-2 Receptors in the Processing of Nociceptive Information from the Joint and in the Generation and Maintenance of Inflammation-evoked Hyperexcitability of Dorsal Horn Neurons in the Rat (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 8 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In spinal cord neurons in anesthetized rats, the role of neurokinin A and neurokinin-2 receptors in the processing of nociceptive information from the knee joint was studied. The specific non-peptide antagonist at the neurokinin-2 receptor, SR48968, its inactive R-enantiomer, SR48965, neurokinin A, substance P and (R, S)-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA), were administered ionophoretically close to neurons with input from the knee joint. SR48968 reduced the effects of exogenous neurokinin A, but not those of exogenous substance P and AMPA, indicating selective blockade of neurokinin-2 receptors. In most neurons with input from the normal knee joint, SR48968 reduced dose-dependently the responses to noxious pressure applied to the knee, and in ˜50% of the neurons the responses to innocuous pressure. The administration of SR48968 during the induction of an experimental joint inflammation markedly attenuated the development of inflammation-evoked hyperexcitability. In hyperexcitable neurons with input from the inflamed joint, SR48968 reduced the responses to noxious and innocuous pressure. The relative reduction of the responses was more pronounced than in neurons with input from the normal joint. None of the effects of SR48968 was mimicked by SR48965. These data show that neurokinin-2 receptors are involved in the spinal processing of nociceptive information from the normal joint. Furthermore, neurokinin-2 receptors must be coactivated at an early stage of inflammation, to allow the generation of hyperexcitability. Finally, neurokinin-2 receptors are involved in the maintenance of hyperexcitability during inflammation. In summary, spinal neurokinin-2 receptors are important in the generation of pain in the normal and inflamed joint.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01209.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ω-Agatoxin IVA, a P-Type Calcium Channel Antagonist, Reduces Nociceptive Processing in Spinal Cord Neurons with Input From the Inflamed But Not From the Normal Knee Joint — An Electrophysiological Study in the Rat In Vivo (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 9 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: High threshold voltage-dependent P- and Q-type calcium channels are involved in neurotransmitter release. In order to investigate the role of P- and Q-type calcium channels in the mechanosensory (nociceptive) processing in the spinal cord, their participation in the responses of spinal wide-dynamic-range neurons to innocuous and noxious mechanical stimulation of the knee and ankle joints was studied in 30 anaesthetized rats. The knee was either normal or acutely inflamed by kaolin/carrageenan. During the topical application of ω-agatoxin IVA (P-type channel antagonist, 0.1 μM) onto the dorsal surface of the spinal cord, the responses to innocuous and noxious pressure applied to the normal knee were increased to respectively 124 ± 42% and 114 ± 23% of predrug values (mean ± SD, P 〈 0.05, 14 neurons). By contrast, in rats with an inflamed knee, the responses to innocuous and noxious pressure applied to the knee were reduced to respectively 72 ± 19 and 73 ± 22% of baseline (mean ± SD, P 〈 0.01, 13 neurons). In the same neurons, ω-agatoxin IVA slightly increased the responses to pressure on the non-inflamed ankle whether the knee was normal or inflamed. Thus P-type calcium channels seem to acquire a predominant importance in the excitation of spinal cord neurons by mechanosensory input from inflamed tissue and hence in the generation of inflammatory pain. By contrast, the Q-type channel antagonist, ω-conotoxin MVllC (1 or 100 μM), had no significant effect upon responses to innocuous or noxious pressure applied to either normal or inflamed knees (25 neurons).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01386.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitization of articular afferents to mechanical stimuli by bradykinin (1989)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 415 (1989), S. 330-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Joint afferents ; Sensitization ; Mechanosensitivity ; Bradykinin ; Prostaglandin E2 ; Articular nociception ; Joint pain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 18 cats anaesthetized with alpha-chloralose, we recorded from thin myelinated and unmyelinated articular afferents of the medial articular nerve of the knee joint. Bradykinin was injected intra-arterially close to the knee, alone and in combination with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and changes of the responses of single afferents to movements of the knee were monitored. Bradykinin changed the mechanosensitivity in 20 of 28 afferents inducing movement sensitivity in initially unresponsive units, lowering the threshold for movements in high-threshold afferents and/ or enhancing pre-existing responses to innocuous and/or noxious joint movements in low and high threshold units. Also the application of PGE2 and bradykinin within a short interval sensitized the majority of these afferents, and in about 50% of the afferents the effect of the combination was superior to those induced by the single substances. We conclude that the inflammatory mediator bradykinin is able to sensitize articular afferents for movement stimuli and that PGE2 may enhance this effect. It is suggested that in arthritis inflammatory mediators act synergistically in the initiation and stabilization of the increased mechanosensitivity of slowly conducting articular afferents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00370884
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral and spinal components of the sensitization of spinal neurons during an acute experimental arthritis (1988)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 25 (1988), S. 234-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In cats the injections of kaolin and carrageenan into the knee joint lead to an acute arthritis which develops within 1–3 hours. In parallel articular afferents (low, high threshold and unresponsive ones) are becoming (more) sensitive to movements in the working range of the joint and many show (enhanced) ongoing discharges. Consequently spinal nociceptive-specific and wide dynamic range neurons with afferent input from the inflamed knee develop (increased) responsiveness to gentle stimulation of the joint. But in addition most of these neurons display enhanced reactions to non-inflamed parts of their receptive fields, too, and some neurons show enlargement of their total receptive fields. These latter findings indicate that the sensitization of spinal neurons is not simply reflecting the increased afferent input from the inflamed knee but that intrinsic spinal mechanisms may participate in the sensitization process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01965021
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Koordinationstendenz von Amiden der PicolinsäureProfessor Franz Hein zum 75. Geburtstage am 30. Juni 1967 gewidmet (1967)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 351 (1967), S. 286-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Picolinic acid amide and its N-monoethyl derivative form 1, 2 and 1, 3 complexes with 3d element salts. In the case of picolinic acid diethylamide, also 1,1 complexes can be isolated. The amides behave as bidentate ligands through their amide oxygen atoms. Spectral properties and the structures of some of these complexes are discussed.
    Notes: Picolinsäureamid und sein N-Monoäthylierungsprodukt bilden mit Salzen der 3d-Elemente 1, 2-und 1, 3-Komplexe. Beim Picolinsäurediäthylamid gelingt daneben auch die Isolierung von 1, 1-Komplexen. In jedem Fall fungieren die Amide als zweizählige Liganden, die Koordination der Säureamidgruppierungen erfolgt über den Sauerstoff. Es werden das spektrale Verhalten und die Struktur einiger der dargestellten Verbindungen diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19673510509
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