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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathway and products of CO2-fixation by green prokaryotic algae in the cloacal cavity of Diplosoma virens (1978)
    Springer
    Marine biology 47 (1978), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Light-dependent 14CO2 fixation by the algae of Diplosoma virens (Hartmeyer) ranged between about 3 and 27 μmoles mg-1 chlorophyll h-1. The principal first products of 14C fixation were 3-phosphoglyceric acid and phosphorylated sugars, indicating that ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase was the primary carboxylation enzyme. The activity of this enzyme in crude extracts of the algae was 4 to 6 μmoles CO2 mg-1 chlorophyll h-1. The principal end product of 14C fixation by these algae in the ascidian host was a water-soluble oligosaccharide which was an α-1,4-glucan. A maximum of 7% of the 14C fixed was found in insoluble materials of the algae or its host after 60 min 14CO2 fixation. Whether the α-1,4-glucan is a product of algal or animal metabolism remains to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388923
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant Microtubules (1969)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology 20 (1969), S. 253-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4294
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.20.060169.001345
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular compartmentation of ureide biogenesis in root nodules of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) (1987)
    Springer
    Planta 172 (1987), S. 162-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; Peroxisome ; Root nodules ; Ureide biogenesis ; Uricase ; Vigna
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) nodules have been investigated by means of cytochemical and immunocytochemical procedures at the ultrastructural level in order to assess the role of the uninfected cells in ureide biogenesis. Uricase activity in the nodules was shown by cytochemical methods to be localized exclusively in the numberous large peroxisomes confined to the uninfected cells; the small peroxisomes in the infected cells did not stain for uricase. Uricase was also localized in the peroxisomes of uninfected cells by immunogold techniques employing polyclonal antibodies against nodule-specific uricase of soybean. There was no labeling above background of any structures in the infected cells. The results indicate that the uninfected cells are essential for ureide biogenesis in cowpea. Although tubular endoplasmic reticulum, the presumptive site of allantoinase, increases greatly in the uninfected cells during nodule development, it virtually disappears as the nodules mature. The inconsistency between the disappearance of the tubular endoplasmic reticulum from older nodules and the high allantoinase activity reported for older plants remains to be explained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394584
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunogold localization of nodule-specific uricase in developing soybean root nodules (1986)
    Springer
    Planta 167 (1986), S. 425-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; Glycine (uricase in nodules) ; Immunogold labeling ; Nodulin ; Peroxisome biogenesis ; Root nodules ; Uricase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Immunogold labeling was used to study the time of appearance and distribution of a nodule-specific form of uricase (EC 1.7.3.3) in developing nodules of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The enzyme was detected in thin sections of tissue embedded in either L R White acrylic resin or Spurr's epoxy resin, by employing a polyclonal antibody preparation active against a subunit of soybean nodule uricase. Antigenicity was better preserved in L R White resin, but ultrastructure was better maintained in Spurr's. Uricase was first detectable with protein A-gold in young, developing peroxisomes in uninfected cells, coincident with the release of Bradyrhizobium bacteroids from infection threads in adjacent infected cells. As the peroxisomes enlarged, labeling of the dense peroxisomal matrix increased. Gold particles were never observed over the paracrystalline inclusions of peroxisomes, however. Despite a close association between enlarging peroxisomes and tubular endoplasmic reticulum, uricase was not detectable in the latter. In mature nodules, labeling of uricase was limited to the large peroxisomes in uninfected cells. Small peroxisome-like bodies present in infected cells did not become labeled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391217
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbodies and an anomalous “microcylinder” in the ultrastructure of plants with Crassulacean acid metabolism (1975)
    Springer
    Planta 124 (1975), S. 231-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural study was made of the leaf tissues of four species of plants in three genera with Crassulacean acid metabolism (“CAM” plants): Kalanchoë daigremontiana Hamet et Perrier, K. verticillata Elliot, Sedum rubrotinctum clausen and Crassula tetragona L. Microbodies similar in appearance, with fibrillar or granular nucleoids but no crystalline deposits, were present in the mesophyll of all four species. The microbodies resembled in size and abundance those of C3 plants more closely than those of C4 plants, both under long-day and short-day conditions. The reaction for catalase activity employing 3,3′-diaminobenzidine produced a heavy deposit in the microbodies; the reaction was blocked by the catalase inhibitor, aminotriazole. Some of the plants of the two species of Kalanchoë studied contain in the epidermal and mesophyll cells of the leaves and plantlets an organelle-like structure consisting of a hollow cylinder, 90–160 nm in diameter and up to 2 μm or more in length, around which 18–20 or more minute tubules are wound in a steep helix. The tubules are only ca. 9 nm in diameter, hence are much smaller than conventional microtubules. The cylinder and surrounding tubules, herein tentatively assigned the term “microcylinder” for convenience, may represent a product of viral infection, or may be an organelle that appears at certain stages of growth or under particular environmental conditions. In any case it may prove to be of considerable importance for investigators of CAM plant physiology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388685
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial relationships between uninfected and infected cells in root nodules of soybean (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 165 (1985), S. 446-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Glycine (root nodules) ; Nodule ; Root nodules (uninfected cells)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) the uninfected cells of the root nodule are responsible for the final steps in ureide production from recently fixed nitrogen. Stereological methods and an original quantitative method were used to investigate the organization of these cells and their spatial relationships to infected cells in the central region of nodules of soybean inoculated with Rhizobium japonicum strain USDA 3I1B110 and grown with and without nitrogen (as nitrate) in the nutrient medium. The volume occupied by the uninfected tissue was 21% of the total volume of the central infected region for nodules of plants grown without nitrate, and 31% for nodules of plants grown with nitrate. Despite their low relative volume, the uninfected cells outnumbered the much larger infected cells in nodules of plants grown both without and with nitrate. The surface density of the interface between the ininfected and infected tissue in the infected region was similar for nodules in both cases also, the total range being from 24 to 26 mm2/mm3. In nodules of plants grown without nitrate, all sampled infected cells were found to be in contact with at least one uninfected cell. The study demonstrates that although the uninfected tissue in soybean nodules occupies a relatively small volume, it is organized so as to produce a large surface area for interaction with the infected tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00398089
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The occurrence of leghemoglobin protein in the uninfected interstitial cells of soybean root nodules (1988)
    Springer
    Planta 175 (1988), S. 442-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; Glycine (root nodules) ; Leghemoglobin ; Root nodule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of leghemoglobin (Lb) in resin-embedded root nodules of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) was investigated using immunogold labeling. Using anti-Lb immunoglobulin G and protein A-gold, Lb or its apoprotein was detected both in cells infected by Bradyrhizobium japonicum and in uninfected interstitial cells. Leghemoglobin was present in the cytoplasm, exclusive of the organelles, and in the nuclei of both cell types. In a comparison of the density of labeling in adjacent pairs of infected and uninfected cells, Lb was found to be about four times more concentrated in infected cells. This is the first report of Lb in uninfected cells of any legume nodule; it raises the possibility that this important nodule-specific protein may participate in mediating oxygen flow to host plant organelles throughout the infected region of the nodule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393063
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural specialization for ureide production in uninfected cells of soybean root nodules (1985)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 125 (1985), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Glycine max ; Root nodule ultrastructure ; Nitrogen fixation ; Peroxisomes (microbodies) ; Uninfected (interstitial) cells ; Ureides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies were conducted on root nodules of soybean (Glycine max) inoculated as seeds withRhizobium japonicum. The development of the large peroxisomes and abundant tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) characteristic of the uninfected interstitial cells was followed during nodule growth and maturation. Quantitative data on differences between the uninfected and infected cells in volumes and numbers of peroxisomes, plastids and mitochondria were analyzed statistically. The peroxisomes are 60 times greater in volume per unit cytoplasm in the uninfected cells than the small presumptive peroxisomes in the infected cells. Plastids are about equal in volume in the two types of cells. Mitochondria have 4 × the volume and 3 × the number of profiles per unit cytoplasm in the infected cells than in the uninfected. The observations are discussed in relation to published evidence that several enzymes involved in ureide production are localized in organelles of the uninfected cells. The uninfected cells are viewed as essential components in the symbiotic relationship between host and bacterium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01297345
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specialization for ureide biogenesis in the root nodules of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), an amide exporter (1990)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 157 (1990), S. 102-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Peroxisomes ; Robinia ; Root-nodules ; Ureide biogenesis ; Uricase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), a member of the legume tribe Robinieae, has indeterminate root nodules and is primarily an amide exporter. However, in greenhouse-grown seedlings inoculated with rhizobia, ureide-N comprises approximately 8% of the total soluble-N in the xylem sap. Ultrastructurally, young interstitial cells (i.e., uninfected cells in the infected region near the nodule meristem) develop enlarged peroxisomes and abundant tubular ER, properties heretofore found to be characteristic only of members of the Phaseoleae, which have determinate nodules and are exporters principally of ureides. Many of the peroxisomes in the interstitial cells of black locust nodules react strongly for uricase (EC 1.7.3.3) activity in a cytochemical test employing diaminobenzidine, but some of the peroxisomes, particularly those farther back from the meristem, react weakly or not at all, even though enlarged. The ultrastructural specializations of the interstitial cells seem disproportionately large in comparison to the relatively low levels of ureides in the xylem transport stream. We suggest that similar specialization of some of the interstitial cells might be found in other legumes that export low amounts of ureides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01322642
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specialization of the inner cortex for ureide production in soybean root nodules (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 150 (1989), S. 150-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Inner cortex ; Peroxisomes ; Root-nodules ; Soybean ; Uricase cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The possibility that cells in the inner cortex of determinate root nodules participate in ureide production from recently fixed N2, as do the uninfected (interstitial) cells of the infected central region, has been investigated in soybean (Glycine max) inoculated as seeds withBradyrhizobium japonicum. Like the interstitial cells, cells of the three innermost cortical layers produce enlarged peroxisomes and a meshwork of tubular ER during differentiation. These changes are most pronounced in the innermost cortical layer, are successively less so in the 2nd and 3rd layers, and are usually undetectable in more distant layers. Peroxisomes in the inner three layers are stained in the DAB (3,3′-diaminobenzidine) test for uricase (EC 1.7.3.3) activity, indicative of the potential for ureide formation, but peroxisomes in more distant cortical cells are not stained. A nodulespecific uricase also is demonstrable in the inner three cortical layers by immunogold labeling enhanced with silver for visualization in the light microscope. The observations suggest that with respect to ureide production the cells of the inner layers of the cortex are functionally similar to the interstitial cells of the infected region despite the apparent distinctiveness of the two regions anatomically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403671
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