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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioactive Annonaceous Acetogenins from the Bark of Xylopia aromatica (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of natural products 57 (1994), S. 486-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50106a007
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma concentrations and effect on testosterone metabolism after single doses of MK-0434, a steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, in healthy subjects (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 46 (1994), S. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Steroid 5α-reductase inhibitor ; Testosterone metabolism ; MK-0434 ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A four-period, two-panel, single-rising-dose study (0.1–100 mg) was conducted in healthy males to investigate the pharmacodynamics, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of MK-0434, a steroid 5α-reductase inhibitor. MK-0434 was associated with a significant reduction in dihydrotestosterone, which was maximal at 24 h and maintained through 48 h post treatment. The maximum reduction was approximately 50 % and occurred at all doses above 5 mg (10, 25, 50 and 100 mg). MK-0434 appeared to have no effect on serum testosterone at these single doses. Rising single doses of MK-0434 were associated with an increase in Cmax and AUC but the changes were less than proportional to dose, most likely due to nonlinear absorption. MK-0434 given in single doses up to 100 mg was without significant adverse effects in healthy male volunteers. In summary, MK-0434 is a well-tolerated, potent, orally active 5α-reductase inhibitor in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199874
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of three crystal structures of canavalin by molecular replacement (1993)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 49 (1993), S. 478-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Canavalin, the major reserve protein of the jack bean, was obtained in four different crystal forms. From the structure determined by multiple isomorphous replacement in a hexagonal unit cell, the structures of three other crystals were determined by molecular replacement. In two cases, the rhombohedral and cubic crystals, placement was facilitated by coincidence of threefold molecular symmetry with crystallographic operators. In the orthorhombic crystal the canavalin trimer was the asymmetric unit. The rhombohedral, orthorhombic and cubic crystal structures were subsequently refined using a combination of several approaches with resulting R factors of 0.194, 0.185 and 0.211 at resolutions of 2.6, 2.6 and 2.3 Å, respectively. Variation in the conformation of the molecule from crystal to crystal was small with an r.m.s. deviation in Cα positions of 0.89 Å. Packing is quite different among crystal forms but lattice interactions appear to play little role in the conformation of the molecule. Greatest variations in mean position are for those residues that also exhibit the greatest thermal motion. Crystal contacts in all crystals are mediated almost exclusively by hydrophilic side chains, and three to six intermolecular salt bridges per protein subunit are present in each case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444993004056
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative Analysis of Thaumatin Crystals Grown on Earth and in Microgravity (1997)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 724-733 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The protein thaumatin was studied as a model macromolecule for crystallization in microgravity-environment experiments conducted on two US Space Shuttle missions (USML-2 and LMS). In this investigation, we have evaluated and compared the quality of space- and earth-grown thaumatin crystals using X-ray diffraction analyses, and characterized them according to crystal size, diffraction resolution limit and mosaicity. Two different approaches for growing thaumatin crystals in the microgravity environment, dialysis and liquid–liquid diffusion, were employed as a joint experiment by our two investigative teams. Thaumatin crystals grown in a microgravity environment were generally larger in volume and the total number of crystals was less, relative to crystals grown on earth. They diffracted to significantly higher resolution and with improved diffraction properties, as judged by relative plots of I/σ versus resolution. The mosaicity of space-grown crystals was significantly less than that of crystals grown on earth. Increased concentrations of protein in the crystallization chambers in microgravity led to larger crystals. The data presented here lend further support to the idea that protein crystals of improved quality can be obtained in a microgravity environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S090744499700694X
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of tannic acid and its phenolic metabolites in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 577 (1992), S. 77-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-4347(92)80600-U
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECTS OF HIGH Na AND Cl CONCENTRATIONS ON RAT PROXIMAL VOLUME AND Na FLUXES AT ZERO TUBULAR FLOW (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 14 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. In vivo micropuncture techniques, with and without peritubular capillary perfusion, were used to study the effects of high extracellular Na and Cl concentrations on transepithelial volume (Jv) and sodium (JNa) fluxes in rat proximal tubules.2. In a double blind manner, the shrinking drop technique of Gertz was used to measure Jv; JNa was calculated from this and the tubular fluid Na concentration.3. At both 184 and 279 mmol/l pericellular Na concentrations (both inside and outside the tubular epithelium), net Jv decreased significantly by 15 and 64%, respectively. Net JNa remained constant at 184 but decreased by 29% at 279 mmol/l Na concentration.4. Thus, at both Na concentrations, when translated to free flow conditions, fractional Na reabsorption must have decreased. These findings, also supported by previous results at these Na concentrations, indicate that active Na transport was inhibited by high pericellular Na concentrations.5. When intratubular Cl concentration was varied between 108 and 138 mmol/l while peritubular Cl was maintained constant (blood perfusing the capillaries), neither Jv nor JNa changed. Thus, at zero tubular flow, differential Cl/HCO3 concentrations do not provide significant driving forces for net Jv or JNa.6. When only intratubular but not peritubular Na was elevated to 279 mmol/l, Jv and JNa increased markedly by 50 and 187%, providing evidence that a true solvent drag (solute drag) effect does exist in rat proximal tubules.7. These findings offer a mechanism to explain why Na reabsorption is not increased when the filtered load of Na is increased with an elevation of plasma Na. That is, the high Na, which surrounds the tubular epithelium, inhibits Na and volume flux at the cellular level by mechanisms as yet unknown. The results also showed that differential Cl/HCO3 concentrations made no difference to Na or volume fluxes at zero tubular flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb01893.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transoesophageal acoustic quantification for evaluation of cardiac function during laparoscopic surgery (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pneumoperitoneum may be poorly tolerated in patients with marginal cardiopulmonary function. Transoesophageal echocardiography is a relatively non-invasive technique that can track changes in left ventricular cavity area using acoustic quantification and has been found to provide a reliable, real-time estimation of left ventricular function. We evaluated mid-papillary fractional area change during pneumoperitoneum in 17 healthy adult patients (group 1) and 17 with hypertension and/or ischaemic heart disease (group 2) undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Peritoneal insufflation led to significant (p 〈 0.01) decreases in fractional area change and an increase in mean blood pressure. There was no significant change in heart rate. Patients with cardiovascular disease who had a 〉 30% decrease in fractional area change following carbon dioxide insufflation (group 2B) were given an intravenous infusion of glyceryl trinitrate. In groups 1 and 2A, fractional area change improved slightly with head-up tilt and continued to improve over the course of surgery. Glyceryl trinitrate led to a significant increase in fractional area change and a decrease in mean blood pressure back to baseline values. We conclude that peritoneal insufflation of carbon dioxide results in a significant increase in cardiac workload that is well tolerated in patients with no cardiovascular disease. Coexisting cardiovascular disease can result in even more pronounced impairment of cardiac function, which may not be predictable by clinical assessment or adequately determined by routine monitoring. We recommend the use of transoesophageal acoustic quantification as a monitor in these patients and the administration of glyceryl trinitrate to ameliorate myocardial stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.01981.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the Number of Vasopressin-Producing Hypothalamic Neurons in Rats and Humans (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 7 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to assess the number and proportion of vasopressin-producing neurons in the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei in rats and humans. Accurate and unbiased neuronal counts were estimated using the optical disector method. Arginine vasopressin-containing neurons were immunohistochemically visualized in formalin-fixed tissue sections. The magnocellular neurons were similar in size and morphology in both species. While the human hypothalamus contained significantly more vasopressin-containing neurons compared with the rat (36-fold increase), the proportion of vasopressin-containing neurons between species was similar. In both species, the majority of supraoptic neurons contained vasopressin, however the proportion of vasopressin-containing neurons in the human paraventricular nucleus was double that of the rat (nearly a 100-fold increase in number). These results suggest that the paraventricular nucleus contributes significantly to the release of vasopressin from the posterior pituitary in humans, whereas in rats vasopressin is mainly released by supraoptic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1995.tb00801.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced thermal budget processing of Y-Ba-Cu-O films by rapid isothermal processing assisted metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 2418-2422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has the potential of emerging as a viable technique to fabricate ribbons, tapes, coated wires, and the deposition of films of high-temperature superconductors, and related materials. As a reduced thermal budget processing technique, rapid isothermal processing (RIP) based on incoherent radiation as the source of energy can be usefully coupled to conventional MOCVD. In this paper we report on the deposition and characterization of high quality superconducting thin films of Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) on yttrium stabilized zirconia substrates by RIP assisted MOCVD. Using O2 gas as the source of oxygen, YBCO films deposited initially at 600 °C for 1 min and at 745 °C for 25 min followed by deposition at 780 °C for 45 s are primarily c-axis oriented and zero resistance is observed at 89–90 K. The zero magnetic field current density at 53 and 77 K are 1.2×106 and 3×105 A/cm2, respectively. By using a mixture of N2O and O2 as the oxygen source substrate temperature was further reduced in the deposition of YBCO films. The films deposited initially at 600 °C for 1 min and than at 720 °C for 30 min are c-axis oriented and with zero resistance being observed at 91 K. The zero magnetic field current densities at 53 and 77 K are 3.4×106 and 1.2×106 A/cm2, respectively. To the best of our knowledge this is the highest value of critical current density, Jc for films deposited by MOCVD at a substrate temperature as low as 720 °C. It is envisioned that high energy photons from the incoherent light source and the use of a mixture of N2O and O2 as the oxygen source, assist chemical reactions and lower overall thermal budget for processing of these films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348675
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design and fabrication of a computer-controlled rapid-isothermal-processing-assisted metalorganic chemical-vapor-deposition system for high-temperature superconducting thin films and related materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 514-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is an ideal technique for the development of several high-temperature superconducting products. For the development of certain electronic products, reduced thermal budget (product of processing time and temperature) processing is a necessity. Rapid isothermal processing (RIP) based on incoherent light as the source of energy is emerging as a key reduced thermal budget processing technique. Driven by potential applications a RIP-assisted MOCVD system has been designed and fabricated for the deposition of high-temperature superconducting thin films and related materials. Experimental details of the RIP-assisted MOCVD system are described. The results of Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) films deposited on yttrium-stabilized zirconia, SrTiO3, and MgO substrates are also presented. In the case of SrTiO3 substrates, YBCO films were deposited at a substrate temperature of 640 °C. The onset temperature is 91 K and the transition temperature Tc is observed at 89 K. The value of zero-magnetic-field current density Jc at 77 K is 1.5×106 A/cm2. The results presented represent the best values of transition temperature Tc, c-axis orientation, and zero magnetic-field critical current density Jc values for the thermal budget used in the growth of the superconducting thin films by MOCVD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144225
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