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  • 1
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Jugular foramen; meningioma; carotid ligation; cerebral revascularisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two cases with huge dumbbell type jugular foramen meningioma with extension into the parapharyngeal space are reported. A well co-ordinated surgical strategy for total resection to this high risk tumour with neurosurgeons, otolaryngologists and plastic surgeons is mandatory to minimise operative complications. Both of our patients presented with a cervical mass and lower cranial nerve palsies, and had huge dumbbell type masses extending from the posterior cranial fossa through the jugular foramen to the parapharyngeal space, encasing the cervical internal carotid artery. Gross total resection of the tumours was successfully achieved by basically a 2-stage operation. In the first stage, posterior fossa tumours were removed by the transjugular approach, combined with the petrosal approach in one case. In the second stage, cervical tumours were removed along with the cervical carotid artery by the transcervical and/or transmandibular approach, followed by vascular reconstruction from the ipsilateral carotid artery to the middle cerebral artery using saphenous vein graft. From these experiences, we recommend this 2-stage operation for large dumbbell type meningiomas extending to the infratemporal/parapharyngeal space. The intracranial tumour is removed at the first operation. The extracranial portion is resected at the second, and if necessary, the involved cervical carotid artery is resected and simultaneous revascularisation using saphenous vein graft is performed with a vascularised free muscle graft. This strategy could maximise the functional preservation on the one hand, and minimise the surgical risk, such as postoperative infection, on the other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Protein Structure and Molecular 829 (1985), S. 97-102 
    ISSN: 0167-4838
    Keywords: Anti-sickling activity ; Hemoglobin F ; Hemoglobin S ; Hybrid hemoglobin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 255 (1998), S. 155-162 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Skull base surgery ; Neoplasms ; Tumor ; recurrence ; Anterior cranial fossa ; Salvage surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to elucidate the predictive factors for tumor recurrence following skull base surgery and the significance of salvage surgery in cases of recurrence, we retrospectively surveyed the incidence, site, and time of local recurrences in 20 patients who underwent either anterior or anterolateral skull base surgery for malignant tumors invading the anterior cranial fossa between 1989 and 1995 at the University of Tokyo Hospital. Nineteen patients underwent total resections of malignancies, with recurrences and/or metastases occurring in 13. Local recurrences occurred at the skull base in 5 patients (group A), outside the skull base in 4 patients (group B), and in both locations in 2 patients (group C). The mean time interval between surgery and recurrence was 29 months in group A, and 4.2 months in groups B and C. The local recurrence-free rates were 51% at 1 year and 34% at 5 years. Both brain and/or dural invasion and a microscopic positive surgical margin were proven to be predictive factors for tumor recurrences. The 3-year local recurrence-free rate was 20% in patients with dural invasions and 83% in those without. The incidence of recurrence-free patients was 79% in cases with negative margins, with no patient being recurrence-free in positive cases. All recurrences found more than 6 months after the initial surgery resulted in patients being salvaged successfully by a second operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Vertebral artery ; Whiplash trauma ; Spine ; Biomechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clinical signs of whiplash are presently not well understood. Vertebral artery (VA) stretch during trauma is a possible pathomechanism that could explain some aspects of the whiplash symptom complex. This study quantified the VA elongation during whiplash simulation using an in vitro model. Seven fresh human cadaveric specimens (occiput to C7 or TI) were carefully dissected, preserving the osteoligamentous structures. The right VA was replaced with a thin nylon-coated flexible cable. This cable was fixed at one end to the occipital bone and at the other end to a specially designed VA transducer. Physiological motion of the occiput and physiological elongation of the VA were measured with a standard flexibility test. Next the specimen was mounted on a specially designed sled and subjected to 2.5, 4.5, 6.5, and 8.5 g (1 g = 9.81 m/s2) horizontal accelerations. Elongation of the VA was continuously recorded from the start of the trauma. The average (standard deviation) physiological VA elongation was 5.8 (1.6) mm in left lateral bending and 4.7 (1.8) mm in left axial rotation. Flexion and extension did not result in any appreciable elongation of the VA. The maximum VA elongation during the whiplash trauma significantly correlated with the horizontal acceleration of the sled (R 2 = 0.7,P 〈 0.05). The VA exceeded its physiological range by 1.0 (2.1), 3.1 (2.6), 8.9 (1.6), and 9.0 (5.9) mm in the 2.5-, 4.5-, 6.5-, and 8.5-g trauma classes respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European spine journal 7 (1998), S. 484-492 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Whiplash ; Biomechanics ; Spinal instability ; Cervical spine ; Spine injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Whiplash injury to the cervical spine is poorly understood. Symptoms often do not correlate to the clinical findings. It has been hypothesized that the long-term clinical symptoms associated with whiplash have their basis in mechanical derangement of the cervical spine caused at the time of trauma. Before such a hypothesis can be proven, one needs to document and quantify the soft tissue injuries of the cervical spine in whiplash. The purpose of the study was to quantify the mechanical changes that occur in the cervical spine specimen as a result of experimental whiplash trauma. Utilizing a whiplash trauma model, injuries to human cadaveric cervical spine specimens (C0 – T1 or C0 – C7) were produced by increasingly severe traumas. The flexibility tests determined the motion changes at each intervertebral level in response to 1.0 Nm pure flexion-extension moment. Parameters of range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ) were determined before and after each trauma. Significant flexibility increases first occurred in the lower cervical spine after 4.5–g rear-end (anteriorly directed) acceleration of the T1 vertebra. At this acceleration magnitude, extension ROM and NZ at C5 – C6 increased (P 〈 0.05) by 98% and 160% respectively. There was also a tendency (P 〈 0.1) for the extension NZ at C0 – C1 and C6 – C7 levels to increase after the 6.5-g acceleration by 52% and 241% respectively. There were no such tendencies for the ROM parameter. We have identified the threshold and sites of whiplash injury to the cervical spine. This information should help the clinician make more precise diagnoses in the case of whiplash trauma patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European spine journal 7 (1998), S. 142-147 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words BAK plugs ; Biomechanics ; Laparoscopy ; Lumbosacral spine ; Spinal stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The BAK spinal fusion system has been applied to laparoscopic anterior lumbar interbody fusion. The system, consisting of a pair of cylindrical implants with threads, placed symmetrically about the sagittal plane, functions by tensioning the annulus fibrosis. Cylindrical plugs of increasing size are inserted prior to the implant placement. As the procedure may affect spinal posture and disc height, we measured changes due to incremental plug insertion using human cadaveric spine specimens (L5–S1, n = 4). Multi-directional flexibility of the construct was also measured as a function of plug size. The disc height change was found to increase initially and then to level off at 13-mm diameter plugs. In the sagittal plane, the intervertebral posture first shifted towards kyphotic then came back to the initial lordotic posture with plugs of bigger size. However, changes in disc height and spine posture were not statistically significant. Comparing the neutral zone (NZ) flexibility after inserting the plugs to the intact values, neither the flexion/extension nor the axial rotation NZ showed any singificant change. In lateral bending, the NZ decreased after the insertion of 13-mm plugs (p 〈 0.05). Insertion of plugs of increasing size from 9 mm to 12 mm decreased the range of motion (ROM) in all directions (p 〈 0.05). Insertion of 13-mm and 14-mm plugs decreased the flexion/ extension and lateral bending ROM, but not the axial rotation ROM, probably indicating some injury to the annulus fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 27 (1998), S. 813-819 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Key words Whiplash • Injury mechanism • Cervical spine • Biomechanics • Trauma ; Schlüsselwörter Beschleunigungstrauma ; Verletzungsmechanismus ; Halswirbelsäule ; Biomechanik ; Verletzung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im vorliegenden Artikel wird über eine neue Hypothese zur Biomechanik des Beschleunigungstraumas berichtet, die sich auf eine Serie von Experimenten an isolierten humanen Knochenbandpräparaten der Halswirbelsäule (HWS) stützt. Obwohl die mit dem Beschleunigungstrauma einhergehenden klinischen Symptome gut beschrieben sind, fehlt uns noch ein tieferes Verständnis des Verletzungsmechanismus. Es muß davon ausgegangen werden, daß die allgemein geteilte Ansicht, es handle sich um eine Hyperextensionsverletzung durch neuere experimentelle Studien nicht gestützt wird. In einem Laborversuch wurden 8 frische humane HWS-Präparate einer kontrollierten Serie von Beschleunigungstraumaexperimenten unterzogen. Vor und nach jedem Trauma wurde das jeweilige Präparat Funktionsröntgenaufnahmen und „flexibility test“ unterzogen, um Hinweise auf Ausmaß und Lokalisation der erlittenen Verletzung zu erlangen. Am Ende jeder Versuchsserie wurden CT-Scans, NMR und Kryomikrotomieschnitte angefertigt. Das Bewegungsverhalten der Präparate wurde während des Versuchs in allen Bewegungssegmenten mit Hochgeschwindigkeitskameras aufgezeichnet. Sowohl die Längenänderungen der A. vertebralis, als auch die relativen Kapseldehnungen der Intervertebralgelenke wurden mit speziell angefertigten Sensoren aufgezeichnet. Unsere Untersuchungen konnten die „Hyperextensionshypothese“ des Verletzungsmechanismus nicht bestätigen. Wir fanden eine nicht zu übersehende biphasische Antwort im Bewegungsverhalten der HWS beim Beschleunigungstrauma. In der 1. Phase des Unfalls nahm die HWS eine S-förmige Kurve mit Flexion der Halswirbelsäule in den oberen Bewegungssegmenten und Hyperextension in den unteren Bewegungssegmenten an. In der 2. Phase des Unfallablaufs befanden sich alle Abschnitte der HWS in Extension, wobei der Kopf maximal extentiert wurde. Verletzungen der ventralen Strukturen traten in den unteren Etagen während der 1. Phase des Unfalls auf, dies wurde durch Funktionsröntgenaufnahmen, „flexibility test“ und Bildbefunde bestätigt. Maximale dynamische Kapselbanddehnungen wurden in der Etage C6/C7 während der beginnenden S-Phase des Traumas beobachtet. Ganz ähnlich verhielt es sich mit der A. vertebralis, deren maximalen Elongation während der S-Phase des Beschleunigungstraumas auftrat. Verletzungen in der zweiten Phase konnten nicht beobachtet werden. Gestützt auf unsere experimentellen Befunde nehmen wir an, daß die untere HWS durch einen Hyperextensionsmechanismus geschädigt wird, während die HWS als Ganzes sich S-förmig verformt. Dies geschieht zu einem sehr frühen Zeitpunkt während des Unfalls noch bevor Hals und Nacken voll überstreckt sind. Bei höheren Stoßbeschleunigungen werden auch Verletzungen der oberen HWS wahrscheinlicher. Unsere Befunde erlauben ein tieferes Verständnis des Beschleunigungstraumas und sind ein Beitrag zur Verbesserung von Diagnose, Behandlung und Prävention dieser Verletzungen. Obwohl die Symptome, die mit einem Beschleunigungstrauma einhergehen können, gut beschrieben sind, bleibt unser tieferes Verständnis des Unfallmechanismus unvollkommen. Um so wichtiger ist ein elaboriertes Verständnis des Pathomechanismus, welches nach unserer Überzeugung den Schlüssel zu besserem Verständnis von klinischen Symptomen und effektiveren präventiven Strategien darstellt.
    Notes: Summary The article reports a new hypothesis of whiplash injury based on a series of experimental studies using isolated human cadaveric specimens. Although the clinical symptoms of whiplash are widely known, the understanding of the underlying injury mechanism is poor. The prevailing view of neck-hyperextension as the essential injury mechanisms was not supported by recent experiments. In a series of experiments using eight human cadaveric specimens which underwent experimental stepwise whiplash acceleration from 2.5 to 10.5 g functional radiographs and flexibility tests were performed at the end of each acceleration step. Ligament strains, vertebral alignment and elongation of the vertebral artery were monitored during the whiplash trauma by highspeed cinematography and specially designed transducers. After the trauma CT- and MRI-scans were taken and specimens were sectioned using Cryomicrotomy. We found a distinct bi-phasic kinematic response of the cervical spine to whiplash trauma. In the first phase the spine formed an S-shaped curve with flexion at the upper levels and hyper-extension at the lower levels. This phase was found to be the vulnerable phase of whiplash trauma. The largest dynamic elongation of the capsular ligaments was observed at the C6–C7 level during this initial S-shaped phase of whiplash. The maximum elongation of the vertebral artery could be observed synchronously in the first S-shaped curve of the cervical spine. In the second phase of whiplash all levels of the cervical spine were extented, so that the head reached is maximum extension. No injuries were observed in the second phase. We propose, based on our experimental findings, that with low accelerations the anterior structures of the lower cervical spine are injuried during the first phase of whiplash, when the cervical spine forms an S-shaped curve and before the neck is fully extended. At higher trauma accelerations there is also a tendency for the injuries to occur at upper levels of the cervical spine. Based on our findings the traditional view of whiplash as hyper-extension injury can be modified by a differentiated, time dependent, biphasic biomechanical model of the injury, thus allowing better and more effective injury prevention, diagnosis and therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 125-129 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Intramuscular hemangioma ; Intramasseteric hemangioma ; Surgical treatment ; Facial nerve ; Lymphedema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although rare, surgical treatment may become necessary for patients with intramasseteric hemangiomas. Possible bleeding, neural injury or postoperative dysfunction are factors limiting surgical approaches. We present the following surgical highpoints for tumors involving the masseter muscles. These include careful preoperative planning with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as a surgical approach that provides adequate exposure for optimal tumor resection and identification of vital anatomic structures. In particular, care must be taken to preserve branches of the facial nerve. In certain cases, preoperative embolization or ligation of vessels feeding tumor helps to minimize blood loss. Whenever possible, complete tumor should be adequately resected with a surrounding margin of normal muscle. Postoperative lymphedema can be minimized by preserving the mandibular periosteum and oral or parenteral use of medication with anti-inflammatory agents. At the University of Tokyo, continuous suction is preferred with a fenestrated drain or pressure dressing with a Penrose drain should be applied to prevent hematoma. Postoperative dysfunction, such as trismus, is prevented by supportive measures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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