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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Islets of Langerhans ; glucose ; tolbutamide ; [Ca2+]i-oscillations ; insulin secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma insulin levels in healthy subjects oscillate and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients display an irregular pattern of such oscillations. Since an increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the pancreatic beta cell is the major stimulus for insulin release, this study was undertaken to investigate the dynamics of electrical activity, [Ca2+]i-changes and insulin release, in stimulated islets from subjects of varying glucose tolerance. In four patients it was possible to investigate more than one of these three parameters. Stimulation of pancreatic islets with glucose and tolbutamide sometimes resulted in the appearance of oscillations in [Ca2+]i, lasting 2–3 min. Such oscillations were observed even in some islets from patients with impaired glucose tolerance. In one islet from a diabetic patient there was no response to glucose, whereas that islet displayed [Ca2+]i-oscillations in response to tolbutamide, suggesting that sulphonylurea treatment can mimic the complex pattern of glucose-induced [Ca2+]i-oscillations. We also, for the first time, made patch-clamp recordings of membrane currents in beta-cells in situ in the islet. Stimulation with glucose and tolbutamide resulted in depolarization and appearance of action potentials. The islet preparations responded to stimulation with a number of different secretagogues with release of insulin. The present study shows that human islets can respond to stimulation with glucose and sulphonylurea with oscillations in [Ca2+]i, which is the signal probably underlying the oscillations in plasma insulin levels observed in healthy subjects. Interestingly, even subjects with impaired glucose tolerance had islets that responded with oscillations in [Ca2+]i upon glucose stimulation, although it is not known to what extent the response of these islets was representative of most islets in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Islets of Langerhans ; glucose ; tolbutamide ; [Ca2 + ]i-oscillations ; insulin secretion.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma insulin levels in healthy subjects oscillate and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients display an irregular pattern of such oscillations. Since an increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2 + concentration ([Ca2 + ]i) in the pancreatic beta cell is the major stimulus for insulin release, this study was undertaken to investigate the dynamics of electrical activity, [Ca2 + ]i-changes and insulin release, in stimulated islets from subjects of varying glucose tolerance. In four patients it was possible to investigate more than one of these three parameters. Stimulation of pancreatic islets with glucose and tolbutamide sometimes resulted in the appearance of oscillations in [Ca2 + ]i, lasting 2–3 min. Such oscillations were observed even in some islets from patients with impaired glucose tolerance. In one islet from a diabetic patient there was no response to glucose, whereas that islet displayed [Ca2 + ]i-oscillations in response to tolbutamide, suggesting that sulphonylurea treatment can mimic the complex pattern of glucose-induced [Ca2 + ]i-oscillations. We also, for the first time, made patch-clamp recordings of membrane currents in beta-cells in situ in the islet. Stimulation with glucose and tolbutamide resulted in depolarization and appearance of action potentials. The islet preparations responded to stimulation with a number of different secretagogues with release of insulin. The present study shows that human islets can respond to stimulation with glucose and sulphonylurea with oscillations in [Ca2 + ]i, which is the signal probably underlying the oscillations in plasma insulin levels observed in healthy subjects. Interestingly, even subjects with impaired glucose tolerance had islets that responded with oscillations in [Ca2 + ]i upon glucose stimulation, although it is not known to what extent the response of these islets was representative of most islets in these patients. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 1121–1131]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 86-89 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Pulmonary embolism ; Angiography ; Safety
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Pulmonary angiography (PA) for decades has been accepted as the gold standard for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE). Apprehensions that the procedure is expensive, invasive and thus associated with both fatal and non-fatal complications has more or less limited its use to patients presenting a non-diagnostic lung scan. However, this opinion originates from earlier studies. Increasing clinical demands for faster and safer diagnostics, together with improved techniques and safer contrast media, has led to an increased use of PA. In order to evaluate the complication rate, we retrospectively studied the case records of 707 consecutive patients who had undergone PA. During 1990–1994, 728 patients underwent PA at Danderyd and Huddinge University Hospital. Selective pulmonary angiography (cine or digital subtraction angiography), non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast media and modern pigtail catheters were used. Standard volumes were 40 ml at 2 s for each injection. Pressure measurements were made in 376 patients. A test injection was made in all patients in order to assess the flow rate. Experienced radiologists as well as residents performed the examinations and a total of 707 angiography protocols and clinical records were available for review in search of complications associated with the procedure. No deaths occurred. One major non-fatal complication (bleeding in the groin requiring surgery) was reported in one case. Moderate/minor complications (i. e. transient angina and cardiac failure, minor haematomas, urticaria) occurred in 10 patients (1.4 %). With modern contrast media and technique, pulmonary angiography is a safe procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Angiography ; Arteriography ; Pulmonary embolism ; Interobserver variations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to assess the interobserver variations in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) with cine technique and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of pulmonary arteriograms to final-outcome diagnosis. One hundred and seventy patients with clinical suspicion of acute PE were examined with ECG, laboratory tests, chest X-ray, pulmonary scintigraphy and selective pulmonary cine arteriography. The follow-up time was 6 months. Fifty-one arteriograms were interpreted as positive for PE. Two pulmonary emboli were missed when compared with the diagnosis as stated by the final-outcome committee. No arteriograms were considered as not of diagnostic quality. Mean interobserver agreement in lobar vessels was 100 %, in segmental vessels 93 % and in subsegmental vessels 63 %. The mean interobserver agreement was 89 %. Pulmonary cine arteriography produces high diagnostic accuracy and few inconclusive results in patients with suspected PE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 485-488 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Fibrinolysis ; Tissue plasminogen activator ; Enalapril ; plasminogen activator inhibitor ; acute myocardial infarction ; ACE-inhibitor ; prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Disturbances of the fibrinolytic system have been associated with cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. In the present study the effects of an ACE-inhibitor (enalapril) and a placebo on the fibrinolytic system have been compared. Eighty one survivors of acute myocardial infarction were randomised to treatment with enalapril or placebo. The mass concentrations and activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in plasma were measured three months after the infarction. The enalapril group had a significantly lower level of tPA antigen compared to the placebo-treated group (9.2 and 10.6 respectively). There was no difference between the two groups in any of the other fibrinolytic variables. We conclude that survivors of myocardial infarction treated with enalapril have a significantly lower concentration of tPA antigen than those treated with placebo. This may have a prognostic implication, as lower plasma concentrations of tPA antigen have been associated with better prognosis in patients with established coronary heart disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Fibrinolysis ; hypertension ; atenolol ; doxazosin ; tissue plasminogen activator ; plasminogen activator inhibitor ; cholesterol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Disturbances in the fibrinolytic system have been associated with cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. In the present study the effects of an alpha1-adrenoceptor inhibitor (doxazosin) and a selective beta-adrenoceptor blocker (atenolol) on the fibrinolytic system have been evaluated. Eighty four subjects with previously untreated mild to moderate hypertension and elevated serum cholesterol were randomized to receive atenolol or doxazosin in a double-blind study over 6 months. Tissue plasminogen activator(tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) were measured in citrated plasma samples before and after venous occlusion before and at the end of the study period. tPA activity after venous occlusion and tPA capacity were significantly increased after doxazosin as compared to pretreatment values. The fibrinolytic variables did not change in the atenolol group. Thus, doxazosin but not atenolol, improved the activity of the fibrinolytic system in patients with hypertension and an elevated serum cholesterol level. This effect of doxazosin warrants consideration when selecting a first-line antihypertensive drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 113-119 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: estramustine phosphate ; prostatic cancer ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolism ; estramustine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of estramustine phosphate (EMP) was studied in five prostatic cancer patients given single i.v. and oral doses of EMP in a cross-over study. Plasma and urinary concentrations of parent drug, estramustine, estromustine (the estrone analogue), estradiol and estrone were followed for 32 h. The elimination of intravenous EMP from plasma was biphasic. The mean volumes of distribution were small, being 43 and 108 ml/kg for the central and peripheral compartments, respectively. The plasma clearance was 64 ml/kg/h, and the half-lives of the two phases were 0.16 and 1.27 h. Metabolism was the major route of elimination of EMP. It was readily dephosphorylated and oxidized to yield the cytotoxic metabolites estramustine and estromustine. Estromustine was the main metabolite in plasma. When given orally EMP underwent extensive presystemic dephosphorylation, which started in the gastrointestinal tract. The relative bioavailability of estromustine after administration of EMP-capsules was 44%, which reflects incomplete absorption of EMP rather than first-pass metabolism of estromustine. The terminal half-life of estromustine was 10–20 h, which suggests that EMP might be given once or twice a day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 140 (1986), S. 1059-1063 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 153 (1988), S. 984-991 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 149 (1987), S. 152-158 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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