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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The molecular mechanism of inhibition of interleukin-1β-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human synovial cells by Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F extract (1999)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 48 (1999), S. 575-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F — Cyclooxygenase-2 — Glucocorticoid receptor — Nuclear factor-κB — Synovial cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective: Several extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) have been reported to be effective in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We investigated the effect of multi-glycosides of TWHF (GTW), a TWHF extract, on interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated human rheumatoid synovial cells. ¶Materials and Methods: IL-1β-stimulated synovial cells were used to detect the effects of GTW on cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 activities, expression of COX protein and mRNA, and nuclear transcription factors in experiments using respective reporter plasmids. ¶Results: GTW inhibited prostaglandin E2 production by IL-1β-stimulated synovial cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and also inhibited COX-2 protein and mRNA expression in a similar fashion to dexamethasone. However, GTW did not act as a glucocorticoid agonist. GTW repressed IL-1β-induced nuclear factor-κB activity, but did not have a significant influence on activating protein-1 activity. ¶Conclusion: The anti-rheumatic effect of GTW or TWHF may be partly mediated through the inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production in human synovial cells due to suppression of COX-2 mRNA, possibly via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050506
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracerebral distribution of albumin after transient cerebral ischemia: light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical investigation (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral ischemia ; Gerbil ; Albumin ; Immunoelectron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The blood-brain barrier breaks down following cerebral ischemia, but the exact sequence of events for extravasation of serum proteins and their parenchymal distribution remain uncertain. We studied the distribution of serum albumin in the hippocampus of the gerbil brain using light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical techniques. With light microscopy, there was no reaction for albumin for the first 12 h after unilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 10 min and reperfusion. At 12 h, the reaction was weak and limited to the neuropil in the subiculum-CA1 region (between the subiculum and the medial CA1 region). After 24 h, the reaction became intense in the neuropil and neuronal perikarya in the subiculum-CA1 and medial CA1 regions. The electron microscopic immunocytochemical study of the subiculum-CA1 and medial CA1 regions revealed electron-dense immunoprecipitates in the extracellular space and the peripheral part of the apical dendrites as early as 30 min after reperfusion and in the astrocytic cytoplasm after reperfusion for 1 h. However, immunoprecipitates were not found in the neuronal perikarya until after reperfusion for 24 h. The present study demonstrated prompt appearance of albumin in the extracellular space of the brain parenchyma after re-establishment of cerebral circulation and prompt accumulation in the peripheral part of the dendrites with spreading to neuronal perikarya, likely in the process of degeneration and death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427216
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the “button setae” in the deep-sea pelagic copepods of the genus Euaugaptilus (Calanoida: Augaptilidae) (2000)
    Springer
    Marine biology 137 (2000), S. 339-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Many species of the carnivorous copepod family Augaptilidae, a primarily meso- and bathypelagic group, possess specialized “buttons” on the setae of their maxilla and maxilliped, which have been thought to be a simple cuticular outgrowth. The fine structure of the button setae in three species of Euaugaptilus was examined by light- and electron microscopy from samples collected in the eastern Indian Ocean and the subtropical western North Pacific. The buttons are arranged in two rows along the inner surface of the setae. There are differences in the shape, size, and arrangement of buttons among the three species, Euaugaptiluslaticeps, E.longimanus, and E.magnus. The button setae have an elaborate internal structure consisting of “setal shaft”, “stalk”, “disc”, and “outer membrane”, with microtubule bundles in the setal lumen, but have no muscular tissues. The disc has only pin-point contact to the core of the stalk, but has connection over a wider area with the fibrous tissue surrounding the core, and the contact area between the stalk and the setal shaft is also small. These structures suggest that the disc will move freely on the apex of the core of the stalk and the stalk may be movable at its connection to the setal shaft. All these components of the button setae may function in concert to fit the surface of the discs firmly to the surface of a prey, and to absorb the energy generated by the struggling prey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270000352
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integumental ultrastructure and color patterns in the iridescent copepods of the family Sapphirinidae (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida) (1994)
    Springer
    Marine biology 119 (1994), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructure of the integument of the sapphirinid copepods was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Samples were collected between 1991 and 1993 by plankton-net tows from the subtropical and tropical waters of the North Pacific. In all the seven species examined of Sapphirina and Copilia, a structure with multilayered platelets was found in the epidermal cells of the dorsal integument of the male. Each platelet is a regular hexagonal prism. The platelets form a plate with honeycomb arrangement within each epidermal cell. Just ventral to the dorsal cuticle, 10 to 14 plates are located parallel to each other and to the cuticle. The mean diameter and thickness of the platelets measured between 1.0 and 1.8 μm and 61 and 83 nm, respectively, for the four species. The specific coloration of seven species was examined with reflected and transmitted light. The iridescent color may be explained by the theory of multiple thin-layer interference in some species which are considered to have an ideal laminar structure, but for the other species, mechanisms from non-ideal systems, including pigment-thin layer interaction, may also be involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349558
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural changes in the hepatopancreas of the rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii (Crustacea: Palinuridae) during development from the puerulus to post-puerulus (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 123 (1995), S. 837-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract There is evidence for non-feeding in pueruli of palinurid lobsters during their long-distance swim to the coast and the succeeding post-settlement phase until they molt to the juveniles. For a better understanding of the nutritional supply during the puerulus stage, structural changes in the hepatopancreas were studied in post-settlement pueruli and first-molt, postpueruli of the rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, collected on the southeast coast of the North Island, New Zealand between 1989 and 1990. In newly settled (transparent) pueruli, the epithelium of the hepatopancreas is dominated by presumed “young R-(resorptive) cells”, which are devoid of lipid droplets, but show active uptake of material from the hemolymph through pinocytosis at the basal region. In the fully pigmented puerulus, the hepatopancreas is dominated by R-cells containing massive lipid droplets; also present are small numbers of F-(fibrillar) and B-(blister-like) cells. This increase of lipid inclusion in the R-cells corresponds to the reduction in size of the fat bodies as the lobster develops from the transparent to the pigmented puerulus. After the molt to the post-puerulus, the R-cells are compressed, and the lipid droplets almost disappear, while the B-cells increase both in size and number. A mechanism is proposed in the present paper to explain energy storage and utilization during the puerulus and post-puerulus stages, wherein the fat bodies and the lipid inclusions play a vital role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349128
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution, structure and importance of the cephalic dorsal hump, a new sensory organ in calanoid copepods (1989)
    Springer
    Marine biology 101 (1989), S. 173-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The occurrence, external morphology and internal ultrastructure of a cephalic integumental organ in calanoid copepods were studied, using the specimens from the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans. This organ is located on the dorsoanterior surface of the cephalosome, and a name, cephalic dorsal hump (CDH) is proposed. Externally, it usually has two pores, anterior and apical, a dorsal plate, and a thin cuticle along the sides. CDH is found only in the male of Calanidae, Megacalanidae, Mecynoceridae and Paracalanidae, and showed some variation between species or species groups both in size and shape. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on the specimens from Sagami Bay, Central Japan, revealed that the CDH of Paracalanus parvus and Calanus sinicus consists of two dermal glands and a receptor, which is assumed to be chemosensory. A comparison of the distributions of CDH and prehensile fifth legs of male calanoid copepods suggests that it plays an important role in mate recognition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391456
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specialized feeding mechanism in the pelagic copepod genus Heterorhabdus (Calanoida: Heterorhabdidae), with special reference to the mandibular tooth and labral glands (1996)
    Springer
    Marine biology 126 (1996), S. 619-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and gut-content analysis revealed the fine structure of the mandibular ventralmost tooth and labral glands of the carnivorous copepods Heterorhabdus spp. on the basis of the specimens collected in the waters near Nansei Islands, Southwestern Japan, in November 1993. The ventralmost tooth is hollow with a subterminal pore and a basal opening. The distal region of the tooth is like a hypodermic needle and is strengthened by opal layers. The tip of the tooth including the subterminal pore usually protrudes from between the labrum and the paragnath, while the basal region of the ventralmost tooth and the whole parts of the other teeth are semi-enclosed in the preoral food chamber formed by the labrum and the paragnath. There is a large glandular cell in the basal region of the mandibular gnathobase, but no direct connection exists between the gnathobasal cells and the tubular lumen of the ventralmost tooth. The posterior surface of the labrum carries a lateral pair of large glandular pores, which are located close to, and appear to fit exactly the basal openings of the ventralmost teeth. Each of these glands has two massive secretory cells, and the secretory materials from these cells appear to be mixed before discharge from the pore. A specialized feeding mechanism is proposed, wherein venom or anaesthetic is injected from the labral-gland pores into the tubular lumen of the mandibular ventralmost tooth, and then relcased into the prey from its subterminal pore immediately after capture using the stout maxillae of prey macrozooplankters such as copepodids and polychaetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351329
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integumental sensilla of pelagic decapod crustaceans (1977)
    Springer
    Marine biology 43 (1977), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Integumental sensilla were examined in 39 species of meso- and bathypelagic shrimps and 6 species of epibenthic shrimps. A tuft organ, consisting of a group of openended, tubular setae and so probably functioning as a chemosensor, is described. A single tuft with ancillary smaller tufts occur on the dorsal median surface of the fourth abdominal segment and two pairs of tufts occur on the proximal dorsal region of the telson of all oplophorid and pandalid shrimps examined. An additional tuft is present on the fifth abdominal segment of the rare bathypelagic Physetocaris microphthalma Chace. No tuft organs were identified in Processa canaliculata Leach, suggesting that they may not occur in all families of caridean shrimps. Acanthephyrid, systellaspid and pandalid shrimps have the integument completely covered by scales. These are extremely delicate and are normally removed during the process of catching the shrimp through abrasion of the integument by the net. The scales are peculiarly orientated, pointing anteriorly in the anterior half and posteriorly in the posterior half of the body. They probably have a sensory function as distance receptors, monitoring water currents and disturbances in the environment surrounding the shrimp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391262
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Additives on Hydrolysis of Ti Alkoxide and Microstructural Observation of TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 317-318 (Aug. 2006), p. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: By the usage of the hydrolysis of Ti alkoxide, various types of TiO2 were obtained throughthe addition of catalyst (HCl, NH4OH, and CH3COONH4) and some additives into Ti alkoxidesolution at room temperature. In special, the effect of two additives, diethylene glycol (DEG) andhexamethylphospheric triamide (HMPA), on hydrolysis behaviors and microstructure with variouscatalyst for hydrolysis of Ti-tetraisopropoxide was in detail investigated. In case of TiO2 powder withHMPA as an additive, the crystallinity of TiO2 except with NH4OH as a catalyst decreased in XRDpatterns, compared to those of products with no additive and with DEG as an additive. The additionof HMPA prohibited the growth of TiO2 and led to fine TiO2 with the average particle size ofapproximately 10nm
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/51/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.317-318.89.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-Type Galactoside-Binding Lectin from Bothrops jararaca Venom: Comparison of Its Structure and Function with Those of Botrocetin
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 308 (1994), S. 306-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1994.1043
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