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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in human glioma cell lines (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Glioma ; Cell lines ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; cDNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have obtained a cDNA fragment to human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by immunoscreening a λgt11 human brain cDNA library with antibody to bovine GFAP. The highly homologous nucleotide sequence of this clone with that of the mouse GFAP enabled the identification of this cDNA as one encoding GFAP. As this cDNA hybridized with a single major RNA species in Northern blots of RNA from human and mouse brain tissues and gave one or two bands in Southern blots of human genomic DNA, it was considered to be specific for GFAP. Using this cDNA as a probe we investigated the levels of GFAP expression in ten human glioma cell lines. A 3.5-kb GFAP mRNA was detected in five of the ten glioma cell lines, one of which was U-251 MG cell line and the other four were clones derived from the same tumor (CL1, 2, 3, and 4). There was a difference in the amount of GFAP mRNA among U-251 MG and the four clonal cell lines. Quantitative evaluation of this difference by RNA dot blot analysis revealed that the amount of GFAP mRNA expressed in CL3 was about 1/5 and in CL4 about 1/10 the amount expressed in U-251 MG, CL1, and CL2. Semiquantitative Western blot analysis showed that GFAP levels corresponded to the GFAP mRNA levels in these cell lines. By Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA the GFAP gene was similarly detected in all of these cell lines regardless of the level of GFAP expression. Thus, by using a cDNa to human GFAP we have demonstrated the presence of clonal cell lines from human glioma showing different levels of GFAP expression, which may provide a useful basis for further investigations on the regulation of GFAP gene expression in glial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687396
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical analysis of T cells in primary B cell malignant lymphoma of the brain (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 27-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Malignant lymphoma ; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ; Brain tumor ; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical study was performed on small lymphoid cells present in frozen tissue sections of seven cases of primary B cell malignant lymphomas of the brain by using monoclonal antibodies to T cell (Leu-1, OKT-11, Leu-3a, and Leu-2a) and B cell (BA-1 and Leu-12) surface markers. In all the seven cases, positive reaction for Leu-1 and OKT-11 was seen in the majority of the small lymphoid cells which were dispersed among the lymphoma cells or clustered around blood vessles. The large neoplastic cells were unstained by these antibodies. Staining for T cell subsets with antibodies to Leu-3a and Leu-2a showed heterogeneous staining in each case. The ratio of Leu-3a+ to Leu-2a+ cells was less than one in six cases, demonstrating a suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype predominance. Most of these small lymphoid cells were negatively stained by antibodies to BA-1 and Leu-12. From these findings, it was shown that the small lymphoid cells observed in primary B cell lymphomas of the brain were of T cell lineage, distinct from the neoplastic cells, and probably reactive in nature. The implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308953
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary malignant lymphoma of the brain: An immunohistochemical study of eight cases using a panel of monoclonal and heterologous antibodies (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 71 (1986), S. 190-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Malignant lymphoma ; Brain tumor ; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ; Burkitt's lymphoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Frozen sections of eight primary malignant lymphomas of the brain were examined by the immunohistochemical methods using a panel of monoclonal and heterologous antibodies to B lymphocyte (immunoglobulins, BA-1, Leu-12 and HLA-DR), T lymphocyte (OKT-11 and Leu-1) and monocyte (OKM-1) surface markers. Paraffin sections were also used in the examination of cytoplasmic immunoglobulins. Surface and/or cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (Ig) were observed in seven cases,four of which were shown to be distinctly monoclonal and the other three less so. The remaining 1 case showed no distinct staining for Ig. BA-1, Leu-12 and HLA-DR stainings were positive in four, four and five cases, respectively. The marker phenotypes of (BA-1, Leu-12, HLA-DR) were shown to be (+,+,+) in one lymphoma, (+,-,-) in three, (-,+,+,)in three, and (-,-,+) in one. Thus, it was demonstrated that the present lymphoma cases showed a marked immunological heterogeneity, and it was shown that all of them including the Ig-negative case revealed one or more of these three additional B cell markers, indicating B cell lineage of these cases. Examination of T cell and monocyte markers revealed positive staining in normal or reactive lymphoid cells distributed around blood vessels or sporadically in tumor tissues, but not in lymphoma cells. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nuclear antigen was not demonstrated in the seven cases examined, making it unlikely that these lymphomas were related with EBV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688039
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study on “neoplastic angioendotheliosis”: demonstration of B lymphocyte markers in the neoplastic cells (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 75 (1988), S. 313-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neoplastic angioendotheliosis ; Malignant lymphoma ; B cell lymphoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Frozen cerebral and renal tissue sections of an autopsied “neoplastic angioendotheliosis (NAE)” case were investigated immunohistochemically using monoclonal and heterologous antibodies to lymphocyte, monocyte, endothelial, epithelial and histiocytic antigens. In both tissues, positive stainings for surface immunoglobulin (sIg) μ and ϰ, but not λ, were observed in most of the neoplastic cells. These cells were also positive for other B cell markers (BA-1, Leu-12 and HLA-DR). No distinct staining was observed in the neoplastic cells with antibodies to T lymphocyte (OKT-11 and Leu-1) or monocyte (OKM-1) markers. Posive stainings were observed only in some small round lymphoid cells which were distributed sporadically in and around blood vessels and were considered to be reactive. No positive staining was observed in the neoplastic cells with antibodies to endothelial (factor VIII), epithelial (cytokeratin) or histocytic (lysozyme) antigens. Thus, our NAE case was shown to be of monoclonal B cell lymphoma in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690540
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glomeruloid blood vessels in ethylnitrosourea-induced rat gliomas (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 240-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental glioma ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Glomeruloid blood vessels ; Endothelial proliferation ; BrdUrd immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glomeruloid blood vessels (GBVs), a characteristic histological feature of most human malignant gliomas, were recognized with high incidence in autochthonous rat gliomas induced by transplacental administration of ethylnitrosourea. To evaluate some of the biological properties of these GBVs, we carried out a study using histological methods and immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein, factor VIII-related antigen (VIII Ag) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd). Of 22 animals with large, massively growing gliomas in the CNS, GBVs including conglomerate aggregations of small blood vessels with endothelial hyperplasia and strong VIII Ag expression were observed in 13 large gliomas histologically consisting of primitive neuroepithelial neoplasms (PNN; so called ependymoma) and mixed-type gliomas in combination with astrocytoma and PNN or anaplastic astrocytoma. The anaplastic gliomas in our series were devoid of GBVs. These findings indicate that GBV formation takes place in a histological variety of experimental gliomas. Furthermore, the GBVs were frequently associated with the vasculo-mesenchymal stroma in the parent gliomas, suggesting an intimate relationship with the morphogenesis of GBVs. In addition, it was shown that the GBVs had a higher BrdUrd-labelling index than that of other blood vessels in gliomas and also that of neoplastic cells in most parent gliomas, except for anaplastic gliomas. Based on these results, the possible mechanism of GBV morphogenesis is discussed with regard to the roles of macromolecules in the induction and regulation of GBVs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294657
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary malignant lymphoma of the brain: demonstration of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in four cases by the Southern blot hybridization technique (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 23-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Malignant lymphoma ; Brain tumor ; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ; Immunoglobulin ; Gene rearrangement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the Southern blot hybridization technique, four cases of the primary malignant lymphomas of the brain, histologically diffuse large cell lymphoma, were examined for the immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. In three lymphomas, the rearrangements were observed in both heavy and light chain genes, providing strong evidence for a B cell lineage of these tumors. On the other hand, in the remaining lymphoma, the rearrangement was observed only in the heavy chain gene. Despite this, immunohistochemical examination revealed positive stainings for heavy and light chain immunoglobulins in tumor cells, suggesting the occurrence of light chain gene rearrangement at the undetectable level. Thus, B lymphocytic differentiation at the gene level was demonstrated in three, or possibly all, of the primary intracerebral malignant lymphomas examined. Since no more than two rearrangements were detected in each immunoglobulin gene, these lymphomas were considered to be monoclonal in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308952
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular pH regulation in the mouse lacrimal gland acinar cells (1988)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 101 (1988), S. 73-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: intracellualr pH ; lacrimal gland ; amiloride ; DIDS ; Na+/H+ antiport ; Cl−/HCO 3 − ; antiport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Intracellular pH (pH i ) of the acinar cells of the isolated, superfused mouse lacrimal gland has been measured using pH-sensitive microelectrodes. Under nonstimulated condition pH i was 7.25, which was about 0.5 unit higher than the equilibrium pH. Alterations of the external pH by ±0.4 unit shifted pH i only by ±0.08 unit. The intracellular buffering value determined by applications of 25mm NH 4 + and bicarbonate buffer solution gassed with 5% CO2/95% O2 was 26 and 46mm/pH, respectively Stimulation with 1 μm acetylcholine (ACh) caused a transient, small decrease and then a sustained increase in pH i . In the presence of amiloride (0.1mm) or the absence of Na+, application of ACh caused a significant decrease in pH i and removal of amiloride or replacement with Na+-containing saline, respectively, rapidly increased the pH i . Pretreatment with DIDS (0.2mm) did not change the pH i of the nonstimulated conditions; however, it significantly enhanced the increase in pH i induced by ACh. The present results showed that (i) there is an active acid extrusion mechanism that is stimulated by ACh; (ii) stimulation with ACh enhances the rate of acid production in the acinar cells; and (iii) the acid extrusion mechanism is inhibited by amiloride addition to and Na+ removal from the bath solution. We suggest that both Na+/H+ and HCO 3 − /Cl− exchange transport mechanisms are taking roles in the intracellular pH regulation in the lacrimal gland acinar cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01872822
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ Release from Microsomal Vesicles of Rat Parotid Acinar Cells: Regulation by Cyclic ADP-ribose (1997)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 156 (1997), S. 231 -239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words:45Ca2+ efflux — Caffeine — Ruthenium red — Heparin — Endoplasmic reticulum — Thapsigargin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. We have measured ryanodine (caffeine)-sensitive 45Ca2+ release from isolated microsomal vesicles of endoplasmic reticulum prepared from rat parotid acinar cells. After a steady state of ATP-dependent 45Ca2+ uptake, the addition of caffeine (40 mm), ryanodine (10∼500 μm) or an NAD+ metabolite, cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR, 4 μm) released about 10% of the 45Ca2+ that had been taken up. The 45Ca2+ release was not inhibited by heparin, an antagonist of IP3 receptor. The effects of caffeine, ryanodine and cADPR on 45Ca2+ release were also tested in the presence of thapsigargin (TG), an inhibitor of microsomal Ca2+-ATPase. When caffeine (10∼40 mm), ryanodine (10 μm) or cADPR (1∼10 μm) was added in the medium with 100 nm TG, a significant 45Ca2+ release was seen, while higher concentrations of ryanodine (〉100 μm) did not cause any 45Ca2+ release in the presence of TG. The initial rate of caffeine (40 mm)-induced 45Ca2+ release was increased by a pretreatment with 10 μm ryanodine, whereas the caffeine-induced 45Ca2+ release was strongly inhibited by the presence of a higher concentration (500 μm) of ryanodine. cADPR-induced 45Ca2+ release was also inhibited by 500 μm ryanodine. Caffeine (40 mm)- or cADPR (4 μm)-induced 45Ca2+ release was abolished by a presence of ruthenium red (50∼100 μm). The presence of a low concentration (0.5 μm) of cADPR shifted the dose-response curve of caffeine-induced 45Ca2+ release to the left. These results indicate the presence of a ryanodine sensitive Ca2+ release mechanism in the endoplasmic reticulum of rat parotid acinar cells that is distinct from the IP3-sensitive Ca2+ channel and is activated by caffeine, cADPR and a low concentration (10 μm) of ryanodine, but is inhibited by higher concentrations (〉100 μm) of ryanodine and ruthenium red. The properties of the ryanodine-sensitive mechanism are similar to that of the ryanodine receptor as described in muscle cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002329900203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscle cramps and elevated serum creatine phosphokinase levels induced by β-adrenoceptor blockers (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 48 (1995), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: β-Adrenoceptor blocker ; intrinsic sympathomimetic action ; muscle cramps ; CPK ; CPK-MB ; propanolol ; carteolol ; metoprolol ; arotinolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have assessed the propensity of β-adrenoceptor blockers to cause muscle cramps and to raise the serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level in 78 patients with essential hypertension. After a control period, a β-adrenoceptor blocker without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA; propranolol, metoprolol or arotinolol) was administered for three months. Thereafter, the patients were randomised to receive a β-adrenoceptor blocker with ISA (pindolol or carteolol) for three months or a β-adrenoceptor blocker without ISA for a further three months. This pattern was continued until all β-adrenoceptor blockers had been given. At the end of each period, CPK and CPK-MB levels were measured. Of the 78 subjects, muscle cramps occurred in 27 during treatment with pindolol and 32 during treatment with carteolol. No complaints were made by subjects treated with propranolol and arotinolol, but muscle cramps were reported in 2 treated with metoprolol. While muscle cramps were caused both by pindolol and carteolol in 16 subjects, they were caused by either of these drugs in the remainder of the subjects. Muscle cramp occurred mainly in the calves when the patients were in bed at night. Serum CPK and CPK-MB levels increased significantly during treatment with pindolol (control period vs pindolol, CPK=96 vs 133 IU · ml−1, CPK-MB=14 vs 18 IU · ml−1) or carteolol (CPK=117 IU · ml−1, CPK-MB=18 IU · ml−1) while the levels during treatment with propranolol, arotinolol and metoprolol did not change from those in the control period. The change in serum CPK during treatment with carteolol or pindolol was significantly correlated with the control serum CPK level. No correlation was observed between muscle cramps and serum CPK level. There were individual differences in the severity of muscle cramps, with some subjects complaining frequently of severe muscle cramps. Because muscle cramps are frequently experienced at night, they disturb sleep and lower the quality of life in patients. This problem should be considered during treatment with β-adrenoceptor blockers with ISA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202168
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    cDNA cloning and amino acid sequence of human brain 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 152 (1988), S. 837-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Keywords: [abr] SDS-PAGE; sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel ; [abr] bp; base pairs ; [abr] kbp; kilo base pairs
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(88)80114-1
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