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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pancreatitis-associated proteins: experimental and clinical studies (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Addiction biology 4 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1369-1600
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Various novel biochemical markers indicate pancreatic cellular injury more accurately than serum amylase or lipase. One of these is a non-enzymatic secretory protein called pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP).The main function of PAP is unclear at present but it may be an acute phase protein in the defence reactions of pancreatic cells. The protein was characterized in 1984 as a serum marker of pancreatitis. The serum PAP is expressed 6 hours after the induction of pancreatitis, and it increases to maximal levels within 2–4 days: PAP is not sufficiently sensitive for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in the emergency room. The sensitivity and specificity of PAP in the differentiation of severe from mild pancreatitis is between 60–70%. This is not superior to serum CRP assays or CT scans. PAP increases in pancreatic cellular injury without pancreatitis (subclinical cell damage, graft rejection) where PAP may have a diagnostic role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556219971795
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of mesenteric arterial tone in vitro in humans and rats (1999)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 359 (1999), S. 322-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Blood pressure ; Endothelium ; Human ; Mesenteric artery ; Rat ; Smooth muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The majority of the findings concerning arterial physiology and pathophysiology originate from studies with experimental animals, while only limited information exists about the functional characteristics of human arteries. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to compare the control of vascular tone in vitro in mesenteric arterial rings of corresponding size (outer diameter 0.75–1 mm) from humans and Wistar-Kyoto rats. The relaxations to acetylcholine (ACh) were clearly less marked in the mesenteric arteries of humans when compared with rats. How-ever, when calcium ionophore A23187 was used as the vasodilator, the endothelium-mediated relaxations did not significantly differ between these species. The NO synthase inhibitor N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) attenuated the relaxations to ACh and A23187 in both groups. The endothelium-independent relaxations to the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline and the nitric oxide (NO)-donor nitroprusside were somewhat lower in human arteries, while vasodilation induced by the K+ channel opener cromakalim was similar between humans and rats. Arterial contractile sensitivity to noradrenaline and serotonin was slightly lower in human vessels, whereas contractile sensitivity to KCl was similar between these species. The contractions induced by cumulative addition of Ca2+ with noradrenaline as the agonist were effectively inhibited in both groups by the calcium channel blocker nifedipine, the effect of which was clearly more pronounced in human arteries. In conclusion, the control of vascular tone of isolated arteries of corresponding size from humans and rats appeared to be rather similar. The most marked differences between these species were the impaired endothelium-mediated dilation to ACh and the more pronounced effect of nifedipine on the Ca2+-induced contractions in human arteries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005358
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptides in pig sphincter of Oddi, bile duct, gallbladder, and duodenum (1993)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 38 (1993), S. 694-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ; bombesin ; neuropeptide Y ; peptide histidine-isoleucine ; calcitonin gene-related peptide ; galanin ; substance P ; serotonin ; somatostatin ; innervation ; sphincter of Oddi ; gallbladder ; common bile duct ; duodenum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To better understand the complex structure and function of the sphincter of Oddi (SO), the occurrence and localization of nine neuropeptides, including vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), bombesin, neuropeptide Y, peptide histidine-isoleucine (PHI), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), galanin, substance P, serotonin, and somatostatin, were studied by immunohistochemical methods in the pig SO. The SO innervation was compared to gallbladder, common bile duct, and duodenal innervation. Specimens from the SO, gallbladder, common bile duct, and duodenum demonstrated a rich network of nerves, as suggested by light microscopy and confirmed by a myeline marker S-100. SO demonstrated very strong immunoreactivity for VIP, strong immunoreactivity for neuropeptide Y and galanin, moderate immunoreactivity for PHI and CGRP, and borderline immunoreactivity for bombesin and substance P. Serotonin and somatostatin immunoreactivity was also observed, not in the nerves, but in some of the epithelial cells. The gallbladder innervation was virtually identical to the SO innervation, whereas common bile duct and duodenal innervation were slightly different. To our knowledge this is the first time that galanin- and PHI-like immunoreactivities have been observed in the SO. Our observations suggest that these peptides, along with VIP, neuropeptide Y, and CGRP, might play a role in the neural control of biliary motility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01316802
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peptidergic innervation of human sphincter of Oddi (1994)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 39 (1994), S. 293-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: bombesin ; calcitonin gene-related peptide ; enkephalin ; galanin ; innervation ; neuropeptide Y ; peptide histidine-isoleucine ; somatostatin ; sphincter of Oddi ; substance P ; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The innervation of the sphincter of Oddi (SO) has been extensively studied experimentally, but human studies have not been published, which is why this study was undertaken. Biopsies, taken by gastroscopy-biopsy forceps from duodenal epithelium of the papilla of Vater and from ampullary epithelium after sphincterotomy, did not demonstrate nerves and could not be used for studying SO innervation. Therefore SO specimens were obtained from brain-dead organ donors (N=5) and from autopsies (N=14). By staining with a myelin marker S-100, a rich network of nerves was demonstrated in SO. The occurrence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine-isoleucine (PHI) (or its immunologically similar human equivalent peptide histidine methioninamide, PHM), neuropeptide Y, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), galanin, substance P, enkephalin, bombesin, and somatostatin were studied by immunohistochemical technique. SO demonstrated immunoreactivity for VIP, PHI (PHM), neuropeptide Y, CGRP, galanin, somatostatin, substance P, and enkephalin, but no immunoreactivity was observed for bombesin. The SO immunoreactivity was similar in specimens from organ donors and from autopsies of victims of violence without pancreatobiliary diseases (N=3) when the specimens were taken within 48 hr of death. Autopsy specimens of SO from subjects with gallstone disease (N=5), recurrent pancreatitis (N=3) or periampullary carcinoma (N=3) also demonstrated similar immunoreactivity. We conclude that VIP-, PHI- (PHM-), neuropeptide Y-, CGRP-, galanin-, substance P-, somatostatin-, and enkephalin-like immunoreactivity occur in human SO. These neuropeptides may have role in the neural control of human SO function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02090200
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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