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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 954-958 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Nosocomial infection ; Rotavirus gastro-enteritis ; SDS-PAGE ; Serotyping ELISA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Faecal samples were collected from patients with gastro-enteritis during two winter seasons on a paediatric ward. Three outbreaks of nosocomial rotavirus gastro-enteritis were identified by latex agglutination and the virus strains were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the genome nucleic acid and by subgrouping and serotyping enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). One outbreak was caused by serotype 1 rotavirus, one by serotype 2 and the remaining outbreak was caused by a mixture of serotypes 1 and 4. Identical electrophoretic patterns of the rotavirus genome in each outbreak combined with the ELISA results indicate that these three outbreaks were hospital-acquired cases. The index cases in the three outbreaks were community-acquired and one of two index cases in the second outbreak was hospital-acquired. On each occasion, susceptible roommates were easily infected from the index cases and then cross-infection occurred in the paediatric ward. Possible vehicles were the medical staff, especially doctors, parents of infected patients and infected patients who were moved to other rooms. One patient who had been treated with a series of antitumour therapies excreted rotaviruses in faeces for a long time period and probably played a role as a source.of the outbreak. Moreover, some patients still excreted rotaviruses in their normal stool 1 week after recovery from gastro-enteritis. These findings indicate that continual examination of stool samples for rotaviruses until they are negative may be important to prevent the spread of rotavirus infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0960-894X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 98 (1983), S. 106-109 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 2772-2774 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Bi-(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor was fabricated into tapes with a Cu sheath. Measurements of magnetization and critical current density Jc in magnetic fields up to 23 T were made for them. The magnetization measurement revealed that, at 4.2 K, these tape specimens had excellent Jc -H(magnetic field) characteristics, while at 77 K, the flux pinning force in them was reduced to zero above 0.3 T due to the flux creep. In the resistive Jc measurement at 4.2 K, these tape specimens showed Jc of ∼7000 A/cm2 at 23. The Jc -H curve showed a slight peak effect, indicating the peak over 30 T.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 1596-1599 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (2212) and Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (2223) superconductors were fabricated into silver-sheathed tapes by cold rolling and sintering. The resulting samples are compared in terms of microstructural alignment, critical current density, and strain dependence. Although both samples show good grain alignment, that of the 2212 phase is superior due to partial melting during heat treatment. This microstructural superiority is reflected in superior Jc as well. The single-filament and multifilament 2212 tapes have Jc (approximately-greater-than) 5 × 104 A/cm2 and Jc (approximately-greater-than) 1.5 × 104 A/cm2 at 20 T, respectively. Each material shows a similar dependence of Jc upon strain, with the 2223 phase exhibiting slightly more degradation. Furthermore, multifilamentary tapes were less affected by strain than single-filament tapes. A multifilamentary tape at 4.2 K, 0.5 T showed only a weak dependence upon strain, indicating that the strain dependence of the Bi system at low temperature may not be severe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 6392-6395 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Metallurgical studies and optimization of sintering condition to obtain the maximum volume fraction of the high Tc phase (∼110 K) have been made for the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. In the differential thermal analysis, double peaks of endothermic reaction at ∼870 and ∼910 °C were observed during the increase of temperature, and a weight loss accompanied each endothermic reaction. Optimum calcining and sintering conditions to obtain a large volume fraction of the high Tc phase were 820 °C×14 h+840 °C×6 h and 875 °C×100 to 200 h in air, respectively. As for the variation of Cu concentration, nominal composition of Bi1Sr1Ca1Cu2Ox gave the maximum volume fraction of the high Tc phase. (For these specimens, sintering time was varied up to 20 days.) Post annealing at 400 °C for 20 h in an oxygen atmosphere after the sintering at 875 °C for 100 to 470 h in air had little effect on the improvement of volume fraction of the high Tc phase. As for the specimen to which Pb is added, however, the post annealing at 400 °C for 20 h increased the volume fraction of the high Tc phase. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the Bi1Sr1Ca1Cu2Ox (nominal composition) specimens sintered at 875 °C for 100 to 470 h consist mostly of well-grown thin layers, while the specimen sintered at 875 °C for 14 h consists mostly of fine pieces of thin layers piling up at random. Electron probe microanalysis revealed that microstructure of the specimen sintered at 875 °C consists of Bi-poor regions and the matrix surrounding them, and that these Bi-poor regions are classified into Cu-rich regions and Ca-rich regions. The superconducting phases of this material are considered to exist in the matrix region. We identified the Cu-rich regions and Ca-rich regions as (Sr0.45, Ca0.55 )3 Cu5 Ox and (Sr0.08, Ca0.92 )2 CuOx, respectively. The average size of these regions increased with increasing time of sintering, although total volume fraction of these regions did not increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 2762-2764 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Bi-(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor has been fabricated into tapes without sheathing and into multifilamentary wires and tapes with Ag sheathing. Metallurgical studies as well as measurements have been made for them. Tape specimens prepared by combination and repetition of cold work (or cold press) and sintering showed critical current density Jc as high as 5×103 A/cm2 at 77 K with good reproducibility and reliability, although these specimens are sufficiently thick (0.5–1.0 mm). (Generally, Jc at zero field is inversely proportional to thickness.) For these tape specimens (with Cu sheath), sintering and Jc measurement were performed after the Cu sheath was removed. X-ray analysis showed that most of these tape specimens consist purely of high-Tc phase (∼107 K). In these specimens, the c axis tends to align well. This c axis alignment as well as compacting effect may be a cause of the enhancement in Jc . On the other hand, the tape specimens cold-worked and sintered only once (not repeated) showed Jc as small as only 102 A/cm2 with the c axis showing no sign of alignment. A 1330-filament Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O wire with a Ag sheath has been successfully fabricated. This multifilamentary wire shows critical temperature Tc of ∼105 K. A multifilamentary tape specimen fabricated by a combination of cold work and sintering showed Jc of 1.05×103 A/cm2 at 77 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 52 (1988), S. 2261-2262 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Workability of Y-Ba-Cu-O composite wires with a Ag sheath has been studied and multifilamentary Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors with a Ag matrix have been successfully fabricated. Observations of the wires with a scanning electron microscope reveal that as the areal reduction ratio R increases, the average Y-Ba-Cu-O grain size decreases. The study on the workability of the composite wires reveals that composite wires consisting of the Y-Ba-Cu-O powder and a Ag matrix can be rolled or drawn to any extent by a cold-work process with intermediate annealings at 150 °C for R=∼10. Based on this study, we have succeeded in fabricating a 252 filament Y-Ba-Cu-O wire which shows a Tc (onset) of ∼95 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 33 (1992), S. 4959-4962 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Applied Surface Science 60-61 (1992), S. 721-728 
    ISSN: 0169-4332
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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