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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Tellurium ; Rat ; Toxicology ; Immunomodulator ; Drug
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally for 4 weeks with ammonium trichloro (dioxyethylene-0-0′-) tellurate, an immunomodulating drug at closes ranging from 3 to 24 mg/kg/week. Routine laboratory examinations included body weight, food consumption, clinical chemistry and hematological examinations. At termination of the experiment, all rats were sacrificed and subjected to a detailed necropsy. Few mortalities were recorded during the course of the study. Clinical signs included hind limb paresis and paraphimosis. A garlic odor pervaded the room. Body weight and food consumption were adversely affected in a dose-related manner. Effects were elicited on the hematological system; changes being noted in the platelet and leukocyte counts as well. Clinical chemistry evaluation revealed signs of hepatoxicity, especially in the female treated groups. The level of beta-globulin was increased. At necropsy organs were found to have a grayish-blue discoloration. Tellurium related histopathological changes were observed in the eyes, liver, thymus, bone marrow, heart and kidneys. An attempt has been made to compare the toxicity of this drug with other tellurium-containing compounds. A good correlation was found. Novel effects of the drug were retinopathy and replacement of bone marrow by bony or fibrous tissue. The possibility that some of the effects may have been elicited due to selenium-vitamin E deficiency has been considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2019-2026 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Reproduction control ; Ziziphus spina-christi ; Meriones tristrami ; gerbil ; plant-mammal interaction ; herbivory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The present study investigates the possibility that plants used in traditional medicine for birth control may also reduce reproduction in their natural herbivores. Ten species of plants utilized by Bedouins for birth control were selected. These were dried, ground, and mixed with the standard diet and offered to female laboratory rats. Six plant species (60%) were found to reduce reproduction rate in white female rats, and the shoots and fruit of one of the effective species,Ziziphus spina-christi, when offered to its natural herbivore,Meriones tristrami, at the level of 35% of the standard diet, postponed female puberty and significantly reduced offspring survival. Plants that are known to be an effective factor in human birth control may have similar effects on their natural mammalian herbivores. In such cases, when the seeds of the plant are part of the herbivore diet, a certain percentage of the seeds will be dispersed and germinate, while the resulting population control of the animal achieved by its consumption of the seeds will prevent overgrazing, thus maintaining a mutual balance. It is suggested that ethnopharmacological data may assist in uncovering plants that, under the following conditions, have the potential to regulate reproduction in mammalian herbivores (with implications for human reproduction): (1) the plant is an important component of the animal's diet and (2) the active secondary metabolites of the plant directly interact with the physiological systems governing reproduction in the herbivore.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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