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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray analyses of peptide–inhibitor complexes define the structural basis of specificity for human and mouse renins (1992)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 357 (1992), S. 466-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] X-ray analyses have defined the three-dimensional structures of crystals of mouse and human renins complexed with peptide inhibitors at resolutions of 1.9 and 2.8 Å, respectively. The exquisite specificity of renin arises partly from ordered loop regions at the periphery of the binding ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/357466a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The group velocity of some numerical schemes (1985)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 5 (1985), S. 201-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Numerical Group Velocity ; Fourier Analysis ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The performances of various numerical schemes used to model hyperbolic/parabolic equations have been studied by the calculation of their numerical group velocities. Numerical experiments conducted with one dimensional linear and quadratic Lagrangian finite elements with a Crank-Nicolson finite differencing in time confirm the results of the analysis. The group velocity analysis supplements the well-known amplitude and phase portraits introduced by Leendertse1 and helps explain the occurrence and behaviour of numerical oscillations in both finite difference and finite element schemes.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650050302
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal wave reflections and transmissions arising from a non-uniform mesh. Part III: The occurrence of evanescent waves in the Crank-Nicolson linear finite element scheme (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 833-853 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Dispersion relation ; Reflected/transmitted evanescent waves ; Crank-Nicolson linear finite element scheme ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The numerical scheme upon which this paper is based is the 1D Crank-Nicolson linear finite element scheme. In Part I of this series it was shown that for a certain range of incident wavelengths impinging on the interface of an expansion in nodal spacing, an evanescent (or spatially damped) wave results in the downstream region. Here in Part III an analysis is carried out to predict the wavelength and the spatial rate of damping for this wave. The results of the analysis are verified quantitatively with seven ‘hot-start’ numerical experiments and qualitatively with seven ‘cold-start’ experiments. Weare has shown that evanescent waves occur whenever the frequency of a disturbance at a boundary exceeds the maximum frequency given by the dispersion relation. In these circumstances the ‘extended dispersion’ relation can be used to determine the rate of spatial decay.In the context of a domain consisting of two regions with different nodal spacings, the use of the group velocity concept shows that evanescent waves have no energy flux associated with them when energy is conserved.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650090706
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal wave reflections and transmissions arising from a non-uniform mesh. Part I: An analysis for the Crank-Nicolson linear finite element scheme (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 783-810 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Non-uniform mesh ; Wave Reflection/transmission ; Crank-Nicolson finite elements ; Fourier analysis ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This is the first of a series of three related papers dealing with some of the consequences of non-uniform meshes in a numerical model. In this paper the accuracy of the Crank-Nicolson linear finite element scheme, which is applied to the linear shallow water equations, is examined in the context of a single abrupt change in nodal spacing. The (in)accuracy is quantified in terms of reflection and transmission coefficients. An incident wave impinging on the interface between two regions with different nodal spacings is shown to give rise to no reflected waves and two transmitted waves. The analysis is verified using three different wavelengths (2Δx, 4Δx 8Δx) in three ‘hot-start’ numerical experiments with a mesh expansion factor of 2 and three experiments with a mesh contraction factor of 1/2. An energy flux analysis based on the concept of group velocity shows that energy is conserved across the interface.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650090704
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal wave reflections and transmissions arising from a non-uniform mesh. Part II: A generalized analysis for the Crank-Nicolson linear finite element scheme (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 811-832 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Non-uniform mesh ; Wave reflection/transmission ; Group velocity ; Crank-Nicolson finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Internal wave reflections and transmissions are examined for the Crank-Nicolson linear finite element scheme applied to the linear shallow water equations in a ID domain containing an abrupt change in nodal spacing. In Part I of this series the reflection/transmission analysis was verified by some ‘hot-start’ numerical experiments. Here in Part II, however, that analysis is found wanting when it comes to providing a description of the pseudo-steady state wave configuration which develops with some ‘cold-start’ experiments. It is shown that the analysis of Part I can be extended to take in both the ‘hot-’ and ‘cold-start’ experimental results such that four essentially different wave configurations can be identified. The four configurations are discernible on the basis of group velocity. In order to be sustained, two of the configurations require one energy source whereas the other two require two energy sòurces. Numerical experiments confirmed the analysis.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650090705
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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