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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 31 (1975), S. 271-285 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of coccolithophores was studied in the neritic environment along the western margin of the Pacific Ocean: the Inland Sea of Seto, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea, Java Sea, Timor Sea, Arafura Sea and Gulf of Carpentaria. The coccolithophore community in the Red Sea was also studied for comparison with the Pacific marginal seas. With minor exceptions, the coccolithophore communities were very similar throughout the neritic areas investigated, but differed completely from the pelagic community in three aspects. Firstly, almost all neritic coccolithophores, regardless of species, suffered various degrees and forms of malformation with relation to the morphology of their coccoliths, while such malformation was rare in the pelagic population. Nitrogen deficiency may cause such malformation. Secondly, the diversity of species in these marginal seas was much lower than in the pelagic environment, although no species was found to be exclusively neritic. Emiliania huxleyi, usually ubiquitous in oceanic areas and in various neritic environments of higher latitudes, was scarce, while Gephyrocapsa oceanica dominated the flora throughout the studied areas. Finally, the horizontal and vertical distributions of the neritic populations were sporadic compared to those of the rather uniform pelagic environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 54 (1979), S. 319-328 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The seasonal successions of standing crop and floral assemblage were studied for oceanic coccolithophores at 5 weather stations in the western North Atlantic Ocean. The coccolithophores were less populous during winter at the northern stations, whereas they became scarce during summer at the southern stations. The average standing crop in the surface water was quite consistent throughout all climatic regions, being a few tens of thousand cells per liter. The average standing crop at the 100 m level showed a clear trend of increasing southwards. The population at this depth was only one-tenth as large as that of the surface level at the northernmost station, whereas it was almost two-thirds as large as the surface levels at the southernmost station. Many of the major species exhibited seasonally biased occurrences. The trend was mostly repeated in consecutive years, although the magnitude of their abundances fluctuated from year to year in some case. The average species composition was obtained for the 5 weather stations at the surfacewater (surface and 20 m levels combined) and 100 m levels; Emiliania huxleyi dominated the flora at all stations. The relationship between occurrences of major species and ambient water temperature was also studied. Although some species were stenothermal, the majority exhibited eurythermal characteristics; this accounts for the high specific diversity of the coccolithophore community throughout the wide range of waters studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 7 (1972), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Harzkügelchen von etwa 1μ Durchmesser treten in suspendierter Form im Kivusee auf. Die Kügelchen sind hohl und besitzen eine äußere Membrane von rund 500 Å Dicke. Sie sind das Ergebnis von Entgasungsvorgängen die sich in einer Wassertiefe von mehreren hundert Metern abgespielt haben. Die Oberfläche kleiner Gasblasen diente als „Kristallisationszentrum“ für die im Wasser gelösten Harze, die ihrerseits eine selektive Koordinierung von gelöstem Zink bewirkten. Die Anwesenheit von H2S führte zur Bildung von Zinkblende mit Kristallgrößen zwischen 5 und 50 Å. Gase (CO2, CH4, H2S) und Zink entstammen salinaren hydrothermalen Lösungen, die im Gefolge vulkanischer Tätigkeit dem Seeboden auch heute noch entweichen. Der Durchschnittsgehalt von Zink im Kivusee beträgt 2 ppm, was mehr als einer Million Tonnen an Zink für den Gesamtsee entspricht.
    Notes: Abstract The origin and chemical nature of micron-sized spheres found as suspended particles in Lake Kivu are examined. It can be shown that the hollow spheres, with a wall thickness of 500 Å, consist of a complex polymeric resinous material which has little functionality, except for hydroxyl groups. The spheres arise in the process of degassing of water samples at depth. Tiny gas bubbles, about 1 micron in size, act as scavengers of dissolved resinous material. The newly created resinous membrane promotes the selective coordination of zinc dissolved in the water column. In the prevailing H2S regime, formation of sphalerite crystals in induced. The size range of the crystals, 5 to 50 Å, corresponds to 1 to 10 unit cells and suggests that the resinous membrane also acts as a template in sphalerite growth processes. The sources of the zinc and dissolved gases (CO2, CH4, H2S) are hydrothermal springs seeping from the lake bottom into the basin. Water discharge is substantial; about 100 years are required to fill the lake to its present level (ca. 550 km3 water). The average Kivu water contains 2 ppm zinc. Thus, 1 million tons of zinc are contained in Lake Kivu in the form of sphalerite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Decay-accelerating factor ; Transmembrane ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositol ; Complement ; Alternative splicing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Several cDNA clones encoding genetic homologues of human decay-accelerating factor (DAF) were isolated from rat testis cDNA libraries and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products. Sequence analysis revealed that rat DAF exists as two membrane forms, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored and a transmembrane (TM) form. Southern blotting analysis showed that GPI- and TM-form mRNAs of rat DAF are derived from a single gene, as is the case for guinea pig, though both forms of mouse DAF mRNA are derived from two genes. Gene analysis of the C-terminal region of rat DAF indicated that both forms of mRNA are presumably generated by alternative splicing of exons which encode a GPI/3′-untranslated (3′UT) region and a TM/3′UT region in the 3′ end of the Ser/Thr-rich region. Northern blot analysis indicated that rat GPI-DAF mRNA was present in all tissues examined except for liver, while rat TM-DAF mRNA was preferentially expressed in testis. Infant rat testis barely expressed TM-DAF and membrane cofactor protein (MCP) but highly expressed 5I2 antigen (5I2Ag, rat Crry). However, adult rat testis showed increased expression of the 1.6-kb transcript of rat GPI-DAF, TM-DAF, MCP, and the 0.7-kb transcript of CD59, with a decreased level of 5I2Ag expression. These results suggest that rat 5I2Ag/Crry may play an important role in regulating complement activation during the early stages of testis development, and that DAF, MCP, and CD59 expressed in testis may enable sperm to survive complement attack in the mucus of the female genital organ, and/or to interact with an ovum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Complement ; Decay-accelerating factor ; Repetitive sequence ; Gene structure ; Serine/threonine-rich region
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55) protects cells from autologous complement attack on self cell membranes. We have previously reported that the seventh exon encoding the serine/threonine-rich(S/T)-abc region of the guinea pig DAF gene is composed of five homologous repeats of about 51 base pairs, and that differential usage of these repeats produces the various lengths observed in the S/T region of guinea pig DAF. In this study, we found that the seventh intron of the guinea pig DAF gene was wholly composed of 18 tandem repeats homologous to the repeating unit of the S/T-abc exon. This type of repetitive structure, although the number of repeats was variable, was also found in the corresponding exons and introns of all DAF genes of other species so far tested including human and seven other primates and mouse, in which alternative splicing in this region has not been found. This suggested that generation of the repetitive sequences spanning the exon and intron regions had occurred before the diversification of these species. In addition, all the intron sequences of the tested DAF genes had no stop codon when they were presumably translated in the same reading frame as the seventh and eighth exons, except for that of one of two duplicated mouse DAF genes. These findings and significant interspecies identities of the intron sequence suggest that the intron sequence conceivably could be translated in some tissues and/or in some stages of development although to date we have not yet succeeded in detecting mRNA for this region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Membrane cofactor protein ; Testis ; Chromosome 1 ; Complement ; Alternative splicing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Human membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46) is widely distributed and is one of the plasma membrane complement inhibitors. We isolated cDNA clones encoding genetic homologues of human MCP from a rat testis cDNA library. Northern blot analysis indicated that rat MCP is preferentially expressed in testis, similar to what is found with guinea pig MCP. We identified several different cDNAs, which were presumably generated by alternative splicing from a single-copy gene. The most prevalent isoform corresponded to the Ser/Thr/Pro-rich C type of human MCP. Mouse MCP cDNA was cloned by polymerase chain reaction based on the nucleotide sequence of rat MCP. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 77.8% identity to rat MCP. Mouse MCP was also preferentially expressed in testis. Unique expression in testis in rat and mouse as well as guinea pig suggests that MCPs in these species not only act as complement regulatory proteins but may also have more specialized functions in fertilization or reproduction. Genetic mapping by linkage analysis indicated that the mouse Mcp gene is located on distal chromosome 1, closely linked to the complement receptor 2 (Cr2) gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 370-375 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The characteristics of regulation of the gene encoding the third xylanase (Xyn III) of a filamentous fungus, Trichoderma reesei PC-3–7, were studied by Northern blot analysis. A partial DNA sequence (185 bp) of the xyn3 gene was obtained by PCR amplification of genomic DNA of T. reesei PC-3–7 and sequenced. This xyn3 gene fragment was used as a probe for Southern and Northern blot analysis. The expression of the xyn3 gene was regulated at the transcriptional level. The xyn3 mRNA was expressed in mycelia of T. reesei PC-3–7 induced by Avicel, l-sorbose and sophorose, but not by xylose, xylooligosaccharides and birchwood xylan. Furthermore, it was observed that xyn3 was synchronously expressed with egl1 but not with xyn1 and xyn2 by l-sorbose, indicating that the xyn3 gene may be coordinately expressed with cellulase genes. By Southern blot analysis, the xyn3 gene was confirmed to exist as a single copy in both strains of T. reesei PC-3–7 and QM9414. However, no xyn3 mRNA appeared in the mycelia induced by any kind of inducers in T. reesei QM9414 even when total RNA was used in large excess, suggesting that the xyn3 gene in T. reesei QM9414 is in the dormant state and cannot be expressed. Therefore, T. reesei PC-3–7 may be a very useful strain for elucidating the induction mechanism of xylanase biosynthesis by cellulosic and xylanosic substrates, and also the regulatory correlation between cellulase and xylanase induction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70.r ; 78.90.+t ; 72.80.Ey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The wavelength dependence and polarization characteristics of the infrared light scattered from an undoped GaAs crystal were investigated in the 90° angle infrared light scattering configuration. The scattering is Rayleigh scattering from scatterers which are always associated with the dislocations, and they are classified into three types,S, L A , andL G scatterers, according to their polarization characteristics. TheS, L A , andL G -scatterers are thought to be small As clusters, large As precipitates and large Ga precipitates, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 56 (1994), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 151 (1988), S. 743-748 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Keywords: ACP,; alternative complement pathway ; CF,; carboxyfluorescein ; Chol,; cholesterol ; DMPC,; dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine ; DPPE,; dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine ; DTP,; dithiopyridine ; EDTA-GVB,; GVB containing EDTA ; EGTA,; ethyleneglycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)N,N'-tetraacetate ; GPS,; guinea pig serum ; GVB,; gelatin veronal-buffered saline ; HuS,; human serum ; Mg-EGTA-GVB,; GVB containing Mg^+^+ and EGTA ; Mg-EGTA-glGVB,; Mg-EGTA-GVB containing glucose ; SPDP,; N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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