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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TBT effects on the female genital system of Littorina littorea: a possible indicator of tributyltin pollution (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 309 (1995), S. 15-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Littorina littorea ; reproductive failure ; TBT contamination ; biomonitoring ; antifouling paints ; histopathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Specimens of the prosobranch Littorina littorea (L., 1758) collected along the East Frisian North Sea coast in summer 1993 exhibited alterations of the pallial oviduct termed as intersex in response to tributyltin (TBT) pollution. The range of TBT body burden was between 150.9 and 1289.5 µg as Sn kg−1 (dry wt.). Five stages of intersex development (0–4) could be distinguished and are documented with scanning electron micrographs. In stages 2–4, which can be found in the direct vicinity of harbours and marinas, the morphological malformations of the oviduct inhibit successful copulation and capsule formation, resulting in sterilization. The intersex index (ISI, calculated as the average intersex stage of a population) and the average prostate length of females were used as parameters for the determination of intersex intensities in the populations. Both indices show significant and positive correlations to the TBT body burden of L. littorea and are promising parameters for TBT biomonitoring. A comparison of TBT bioconcentration factors with populations from England and France indicates that the threshold concentration for intersex development is in the range of 15 ng TBT as Sn/l. Morphometric analyses of the midgut gland revealed no significant differences between sampling stations. In the ovary a retardation and blockage of maturation (atresia) was observed in populations close to harbours. Lytic processes in ovary follicles were observed not only at TBT exposed sites but also at reference stations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014468
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Prosobranch Snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Laboratory. Part I: Bisphenol A and Octylphenol as Xeno-Estrogens (2000)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 9 (2000), S. 383-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Keywords: endocrine disruptors ; xeno-estrogens ; bisphenol A ; octylphenol ; snails
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The effects of suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals on freshwater and marine prosobranch species were analysed in laboratory experiments. In this first publication, the responses of the freshwater snail Marisa cornuarietis and of the marine prosobranch Nucella lapillus to the xeno-estrogenic model compounds bisphenol A (BPA) and octylphenol (OP) are presented at nominal concentration ranges between 1 and 100 μg/L. Marisa was exposed during 5 months using adult specimens and in a complete life-cycle test for 12 months. In both experiments, the xeno-estrogens induced a complex syndrome of alterations in female Marisa referred to as “superfemales” at the lowest concentrations. Affected specimens were characterised by the formation of additional female organs, an enlargement of the accessory pallial sex glands, gross malformations of the pallial oviduct section resulting in an increased female mortality, and a massive stimulation of oocyte and spawning mass production. The effects of BPA and OP were comparable at the same nominal concentrations. An exposure to OP resulted in inverted U-type concentration response relationships for egg and spawning mass production. Adult Nucella from the field were tested for three months in the laboratory. As in Marisa, superfemales with enlarged accessory pallial sex glands and an enhancement of oocyte production were observed. No oviduct malformations were found probably due to species differences in the gross anatomical structure of the pallial oviduct. A lower percentage of exposed specimens had ripe sperm stored in their vesicula seminalis and additionally male Nucella exhibited a reduced length of penis and prostate gland when compared to the control. Because statistically significant effects were observed at the lowest nominal test concentrations (1 μg BPA or OP/L), it can be assumed that even lower concentrations may have a negative impact on the snails. The results show that prosobranchs are sensitive to endocrine disruption at environmentally relevant concentrations and that especially M. cornuarietis is a promising candidate for a future organismic invertebrate model to identify endocrine-mimetic test compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008972518019
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Prosobranch Snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Laboratory. Part II: Triphenyltin as a Xeno-Androgen (2000)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 9 (2000), S. 399-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Keywords: endocrine disruptors ; xeno-androgen ; triphenyltin ; imposex ; snails
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In laboratory experiments the effects of suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals on freshwater and marine prosobranch species were analysed. In this second of three publications the responses of the freshwater ramshorn snail Marisa cornuarietis and of two marine prosobranchs (the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus and the netted whelk Hinia reticulata) to the xeno-androgenic model compound triphenyltin (TPT) are presented. Marisa and Nucella were exposed via water (nominal concentrations 5–500 ng TPT-Sn/L) and Hinia via sediments (nominal concentrations 50–500 μg TPT-Sn/kg dry wt.) for up to 4 months. Female ramshorn snails but not the two marine species developed imposex in a time and concentration dependent manner (EC10 4 months: 12.3 ng TPT-Sn/L) with a comparable intensity as described for tributyltin. TPT reduced furthermore the fecundity of Marisa at lower concentrations (EC10 4 months: 5.59 ng TPT-Sn/L) with a complete inhibition of spawning at nominal concentrations ≥250 ng TPT-Sn/L (mean measured ±SD: ≥163±97.0 ng TPT-Sn/L). The extension of the pallial sex organs (penis with accessory structures and prostate gland) of male ramshorn snails and dogwhelks were reduced by up to 25% compared to the control but not in netted whelks. Histopathological analyses for M. cornuarietis and H. reticulata provide evidence for a marked impairment of spermatogenesis (both species) and oogenesis (only netted whelks). The test compound induced a highly significant and concentration independent increase in the incidence of hyperplasia on gills, osphradia and other organs in the mantle cavity of N. lapillus indicating a carcinogenic potential of TPT. The results show that prosobranchs are sensitive to endocrine disruption at environmentally relevant concentrations of TPT. Also, M. cornuarietis is a promising candidate for a future organismic invertebrate system to identify endocrine-mimetic test compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008924602089
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
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    Effects of carbamazepine and two of its metabolites on the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius in a sediment full life cycle toxicity test (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-05
    Description: The antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) and its main metabolites carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (EP-CBZ) and 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy-carbamazepine (DiOH-CBZ) were chosen as test substances to assess chronic toxicity on the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius. All three substances were tested in a 40-day sediment full life cycle test (according to OECD 233) in which mortality, emergence, fertility, and clutch size were evaluated. In addition, these parameters were integrated into the population growth rate to reveal population relevant effects. With an LC50 of 0.203 mg/kg (time-weighted mean), the metabolite EP-CBZ was significantly more toxic than the parent substance CBZ (LC50: 1.11 mg/kg). Especially mortality, emergence, and fertility showed to be sensitive parameters under the exposure to CBZ and EP-CBZ. By using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the binding of CBZ to the ecdysone receptor was investigated as one possible mode of action but showed to be unlikely. The second metabolite DiOH-CBZ did not show any effects within the tested concentration rage (0.171 – 1.22 mg/kg). Even though CBZ was less toxic compared to EP-CBZ, CBZ is found in the environment at much higher concentrations and causes therefore a higher potential risk for sediment dwelling organisms compared to its metabolites. Nevertheless, the current study illustrates the importance of including commonly found metabolites into the risk assessment of parent substances.
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 5
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    What you extract is what you see: Optimising the preparation of water and wastewater samples for in vitro bioassays (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-08
    Description: The assessment of water quality is crucial for safeguarding drinking water resources and ecosystem integrity. To this end, sample preparation and extraction is critically important, especially when investigating emerging contaminants and the toxicity of water samples. As extraction methods are rarely optimised for bioassays but rather adopted from chemical analysis, this may result in a misrepresentation of the actual toxicity. In this study, surface water, groundwater, hospital and municipal wastewater were used to characterise the impacts of common sample preparation techniques (acidification, filtration and solid phase extraction (SPE)) on the outcomes of eleven in vitro bioassays. The latter covered endocrine activity (reporter gene assays for estrogen, androgen, aryl-hydrocarbon, retinoic acid, retinoid X, vitamin D, thyroid receptor), mutagenicity (Ames fluctuation test), genotoxicity (umu test) and cytotoxicity. Water samples extracted using different SPE sorbents (Oasis HLB, Supelco ENVI-Carb+, Telos C18/ENV) at acidic and neutral pH were compared for their performance in recovering biological effects. Acidification, commonly used for stabilisation, significantly altered the endocrine activity and toxicity of most (waste)water samples. Sample filtration did not affect the majority of endpoints but in certain cases affected the (anti-)estrogenic and dioxin-like activities. SPE extracts (10.4 × final concentration), including WWTP effluents, induced significant endocrine effects that were not detected in aqueous samples (0.63 × final concentration), such as estrogenic, (anti-)androgenic and dioxin-like activities. When ranking the SPE methods using multivariate Pareto optimisation an extraction with Telos C18/ENV at pH 7 was most effective in recovering toxicity. At the same time, these extracts were highly cytotoxic masking the endpoint under investigation. Compared to that, extraction at pH 2.5 enriched less cytotoxicity. In summary, our study demonstrates that sample preparation and extraction critically affect the outcome of bioassays when assessing the toxicity of water samples. Depending on the water matrix and the bioassay, these methods need to be optimised to accurately assess water quality.
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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    OPUS
  • 6
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    Handlungsempfehlung zur integrativen Bewertung der weitergehenden Abwasserbehandlung von kommunalen Kläranlagen (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-31
    Description: Das vorliegende Statuspapier beschreibt ein Konzept zur weitergehenden Abwasserbehandlung für die Bewertung von Aufbereitungsverfahren, sowohl in einer Pilotphase zur Auswahl von Verfah- rensoptionen als auch für die Bewertung großtechnischer Anlagen.
    Language: German
    Type: book , doc-type:book
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    OPUS
  • 7
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    Handlungsempfehlung zur integrativen Bewertung der weitergehenden Abwasserbehandlung von kommunalen Kläranlagen (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-02
    Description: Der DWA-Themenband beschreibt ein Konzept zur weitergehenden Abwasserbehandlung für die Bewertung von Aufbereitungsverfahren, sowohl in einer Pilotphase zur Auswahl von Verfahrensoptionen als auch für die Bewertung großtechnischer Anlagen. Emissionsseitig basiert das Konzept auf bereits regulatorisch definierten Parametern wie anorganischen Stickstoff-Verbindungen oder Phosphat sowie auf neuen noch nicht in der Abwasserverordnung regulierten Parametern. Die immissionsseitige Betrachtung erfolgt auf Basis der rechtlich durch die Europäische Wasserrahmenrichtlinie und andere Anforderungen bindenden Instrumente. Hierfür werden spezifische Vorgehensweisen vorgeschlagen. Anhand zweier ausgewählter Praxisbeispiele wird deutlich, dass es zur Bewertung der Verfahrensoptionen an einem Standort dienlich ist, ausgewählte Reduktionen bzw. Entfernungen von Stoffen, Organismen und Effekten zu bestimmen.
    Language: German
    Type: incollection , doc-type:Other
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