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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and its translatable small subunit mRNA levels during senescence of mustard (Sinapis alba) cotyledons (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 73 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Senescence of mustard (Sinapis alba L.) cotyledons was studied by monitoring the levels of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBP carboxylase, EC 4.1.1.39) activity, enzyme protein and translatable mRNA of the small subunit (SSU-mRNA) of RuBP carboxylase. In continuous white light (cWL) RuBP carboxylase began to decline 6 days after sowing and the decrease in SSU-mRNA preceded the drop in enzyme protein. The decline in RuBP carboxylase was more pronounced when the seedlings were transferred to darkness. This dark-mediated senescence was affected by phytochrome (Pfr) primarily by retardation of enzyme degradation and to a lesser extent by the maintenance of gene expression. When seedlings were reirradiated with cWL or red light after being kept for 6–8 days in darkness the levels of enzyme protein and SSU-mRNA again increased. Thus, even after long periods of darkness the seedlings retained their ability to respond to light with renewed gene expression which was affected by Pfr. Under short-day conditions (8 h light/16 h dark), almost no decline of RuBP carboxylase occurred, whereas SSU-mRNA decrease followed the same pattern as in cWL or darkness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1988.tb00595.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Receptor kinases with leucine-rich repeats are enriched in Triton X-100 insoluble plasma membrane microdomains from plants (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 122 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In mammals, signalling components at the cell surface are clustered in Triton X-100 insoluble plasma membrane microdomains. We isolated plasma membrane microdomains from Arabidopsis and mustard cotyledons and determined their protein composition by mass spectrometry. Although the protein composition of the plant vesicles differ from the composition of the animal vesicles, they are also enriched in signalling components. We identified at least seven receptor kinases with leucine-rich repeats, 10 other kinases, the β subunit of heterotrimeric G-proteins and five small GTP-binding proteins. Thus, specific signalling components are highly enriched in plant plasma membrane microdomains while others are excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00414.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of Piriformospora indica with Arabidopsis thaliana roots represents a novel system to study beneficial plant–microbe interactions and involves early plant protein modifications in the endoplasmic reticulum and at the plasma membrane (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 122 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Piriformospora indica, an endophytic fungus of the Sebacinaceae family, colonizes the roots of a wide variety of plant species and promotes their growth, in a manner similar to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The results of the present study demonstrate that the fungus interacts also with the non-mycorrhizal host Arabidopsis thaliana and promotes its growth. The interaction is detectable by the appearance of a strong autofluorescence in the roots, followed by the colonization of root cells by fungal hyphae and the generation of chlamydospores. Promotion of root growth was detectable even before noticeable root colonization. Membrane-associated proteins from control roots and roots after cultivation with P. indica were separated by two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis and identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. Differences were found in the expression of glucosidase II, beta-glucosidase PYK10, two glutathione-S-transferases and several so-far uncharacterized proteins. Based on conserved domains present in the latter proteins their possible roles in plant–microbe interaction are predicted. Taken together, the present results suggest that the interaction of Arabidopsis thaliana with P. indica is a powerful model system to study beneficial plant–microbe interaction at the molecular level. Furthermore, the successful accommodation of the fungus in the root cells is preceded by protein modifications in the endoplasmatic reticulum as well as at the plasma membrane of the host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00424.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MATH domain proteins represent a novel protein family in Arabidopsis thaliana, and at least one member is modified in roots during the course of a plant–microbe interaction (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 124 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The basidiomycete Piriformospora indica interacts with Arabidopsis roots and mimics an arbuscular mycorrhiza. A MATH [meprin and TRAF (tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor) homology] domain-containing (MATH) protein at the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis roots is one of the first components to respond to the presence of this fungus. MATH proteins are involved in nodule formation in Medicago and protein degradation in the Arabidopsis cytosol. They exhibit sequence similarities to meprins, extracellular peptidases which cleave (signal) peptides, and to TRAFs, intracellular proteins which interact with receptor kinases at the plasma membrane. Fifty-nine genes for MATH proteins are present in the Arabidopsis genome. Members of this protein family are predicted to be found in the ER–plasma membrane–extracellular space continuum, in the nucleus–cytosol compartment and in organelles. In this article, we describe this novel class of plant genes. We also use MS-MS analyses to identify the subcellular localization of individual members of the MATH protein family in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2005.00505.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Principles of redox control in photosynthesis gene expression (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 112 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Light is one of the most important environmental factors influencing gene expression in photosynthetic organisms. In particular, genes for components of the photosynthetic machinery show light-dependent expression. In recent years, it has become clear that photosynthesis itself contributes important signals to this light control of gene expression by means of changes in the reduction/oxidation (redox) state of signalling molecules. Such changes in redox state are induced by changes in quality and quantity of the incident light. Redox signalling mechanisms therefore provide photosynthesis with the possibility of acclimational changes in the structure of the photosynthetic apparatus via a feedback control of photosynthesis gene expression. The great variety of these signalling mechanisms is summarised under the term ‘redox control’. In some cases, oxygen acts as a different environmental, light-independent stimulus of photosynthetic gene expression, providing an additional redox signal and a different kind of redox control. In this review, we summarise present knowledge about such redox control mechanisms and analyse common properties as well as differences in the various signalling pathways. We suggest that there is an urgent need for a clear distinction between different kinds of redox control. Accordingly, we propose a categorisation into perceptional and transductional redox control. These categories are defined and examples given. The generalisation and comparability of results obtained in different physiological test systems and species are critically discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1120101.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization of the spinach G-box binding protein family (1998)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 103 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The promoters of the spinach ferredoxin-NADP+-oxidoreductase gene and one member of the gene family for the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase contain ACGT sequences relevant for gene expression. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that these sequences operate quantitatively and are not involved in the light response. We have isolated a cDNA for a basic leucine zipper protein (bZIP) from spinach. After transcription and translation in cell-free systems, the protein binds in vitro to double-stranded oligonucleotides designed according to both sequences, although with different efficiencies. The genomic DNA segment for this bZIP contains 10 introns. The bZIP gene promoter harbors also an ACGT sequence; however, promoter/uidA gene fusions revealed that these nucleotides are not essential for expression. At least three other genes with high similarities are present in the spinach genome; however, they appear to be either pseudogenes, because they contain in-frame stop codons in highly conserved epitopes, or must be posttranscriptionally modified in order to code for functional proteins. The high sequence similarities suggest that all four sequences derive from gene duplications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1030315.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of transcript level and nitrite reductase activity by phytochrome and nitrate in turions of Spirodela polyrhiza (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 93 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Control by light and nitrate of the appearance of nitrite reductase (NIR; EC 1.7.7.1) activity was investigated in turions of Spirodela polyrhiza during the pre-germination period to establish the nature of the coaction between these factors. A cDNA clone coding for tobacco NIR was available as a probe. In the period immediately after transfer from after-ripening conditions (5°C. darkness) to germination conditions (25°C; phase 1, from 0 to 72 h after start of the experiments) a nitrate-dependent increase in NIR activity was observed, presumably because of the temperature shift. During this phase light had no effect on the nitrate-dependent increase in NIR activity. In contrast, after a pre-treatment of 72 h in darkness at 25°C following cold afterripening responsiveness to phytochrome appeared, with light inducing a nitrate-dependent increase in NIR activity (phase II, from 72 to 120 h after start of the experiments). Application of nitrate (10 mM) in phase II also resulted in an increase of NIR activity in light or darkness although highest NIR activities were observed in the presence of light. Ammonium did not affect the appearance of NIR activity. In all experiments, a single isoform of NIR was detectable in both phases. It was concluded that the mode of coaction between light (via phytochrome) and nitrate is different in phase I and phase II and depends on the developmental state of the plant organs. Furthermore, the response patterns of nitrate reductase and NIR activities to both factors is so similar in turions that co-regulation of both enzymes can be assumed, as found previously in tobacco seedlings. Northern blot analyses revealed a low NIR transcript level in the absence of nitrate in darkness during phase II. Both light and nitrate alone were sufficient to stimulate the NIR mRNA steady state level and the highest transcript level was detectable in the presence of both stimulators. This demonstrates a synergistic effect of both factors on steady state NIR transcript level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1995.tb02228.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responsivity amplification by light in phytochrome-mediated induction of chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP-dependent, EC 1.2.1.13) in the shoot of milo (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 7 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. A prolonged light treatment strongly increases responsivity to Pfr in many instances of phytochrome-controlled biogenesis of flavone or cyanidin glycosides. The present investigation deals with the question of whether light also leads to a corresponding increase of responsivity towards Pfr in such photoresponses which are not related to synthesis of flavonoid pigments in outer tissue layers of seedlings. Phytochrome-mediated accumulation of the chloroplast GPD (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, EC 1.2.1.13) was chosen as a response and the milo shoot (Sorghum vulgare Pers. cv. Weider, hybrid) as an appropriate subject. It was found that responsivity towards Pfr is extremely weak in a dark-grown shoot while prolonged light pretreatments lead to a dramatic increase in responsivity. Blue and UV light are far more effective than red light in eliciting this effect within a few hours. High responsivity is only maintained in the light. When the seedlings are placed in darkness the level of responsivity drops rapidly with a half-life of the order of 2 h. The data allow more complete explanations for intriguing phenomena of plant life under natural light/dark conditions such as shade detection or sensing of light → dark transitions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1984.tb01197.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence that carotenoids are required for the accumulation of a functional photosystem II, but not photosystem I in the cotyledons of mustard seedlings (1991)
    Springer
    Planta 185 (1991), S. 97-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Carotenoid ; Lutein ; Photosystem I, II ; Sinapis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract If Norflurazon-treated mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings are grown in low-fluence-rate white light, accumulation of carotenoids is completely inhibited, while levels of chlorophyll (Chl) a and b are comparable to those of control seedlings. Measurements of fluorescence yield and oxygen evolution indicate that carotenoid-free, green cotyledons are unable to perform leephotosynthesis in vivo. When thylakoid membranes were prepared and electron transport was measured in vitro, only PSI but not PSII activity was detected. Solubilization of the photosystems from thylakoid membranes and separation by sucrose-gradient centrifugation confirmed that PSII is absent in carotenoid-free seedlings, while PSI is present. Western blot analysis for representative proteins of the four photosynthetic complexes showed that subunits 1 and 2 of PSI, the Rieske-iron sulfur-protein, the α-subunit of the CF1 moiety of the ATP-synthase complex, cytochrome b 559 and the lumenal 33-kDa protein of the water-splitting apparatus of PSII are present in comparable amounts in Norflurazon-treated and control plants, while the amounts of Chl-binding proteins of PSII (the major light-harvesting Chl-a/b-binding protein of the antenna complex and the 51- and 44-kDa Chl-a-binding proteins) and two components of the PSII reaction center, (the D1 and D2 protein) are substantially reduced. The data indicate that accumulation of PSII polypeptides is either not inhibited or not completely inhibited in carotenoid-free mustard seedlings, but that assembly of a functional PSII complex does not occur. If Norflurazon-treated seedlings are transferred to water, lutein accumulates rapidly and reaches about 80% of the level detectable in control plants, while the level of other carotenoids is still less than 1%. The accumulation kinetics for lutein are similar to the kinetics for the appearance of PSII activity. This indicates that the availibility of lutein rather than that of other carotenoids might be rate-limiting for the appearance of PSII activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194520
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction versus modulation in phytochrome-regulated biochemical processes (1984)
    Springer
    Planta 161 (1984), S. 165-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Anthocyanin ; Competence (phytochrome) ; Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADPH dependent) ; Phytochrome action (modulation, induction) ; Sinapis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The time course of appearance of competence towards phytochrome (Pfr) was studied in cotyledons of mustard (Sinapis alba L.) with regard to the light-mediated formation of anthocyanin (aglycone cyanidin) and NADP-dependent plastidal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD, EC 1.2.1.13). The experiments were performed to answer the following question: Does phytochrome act to turn responses on (induction), or — as an alternative — does phytochrome cause an amplification of processes already occurring in absolute darkness albeit at low rates once competence is reached (modulation)? The data show that in the case of GPD, phytochrome causes an amplification of the rate of synthesis once the competence point is reached at approximately 36 h after sowing at 25° C. In the case of anthocyanin, it was found that two distinct points of competence exist (26 h and 39 h after sowing, 25° C). In the case of ‘early anthocyanin’ (competence point at 26 h), synthesis does not occur in darkness without Pfr, while in the case of ‘late anthocyanin’ (competence point at 39 h), phytochrome causes an amplification of a process occurring in complete darkness albeit at a very low rate. It is concluded that in phytochrome-mediated photomorphogenesis, modulation as well as induction of biosynthetic processes plays a role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395477
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