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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic investigation of the cerium(IV) oxidation of the bis(.mu.-oxo)bis(oxomolybdenum(V)) ion (1984)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 23 (1984), S. 2768-2771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00186a011
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvent effects on rates of reductions of some cobalt(III) complexes by iron(II), vanadium(II), and chromium(II) in acidic aqueous solutions of N,N-dimethylformamide and alcohols (1977)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 16 (1977), S. 3364-3366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic50178a082
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of α1-adrenoceptor antagonists, prazosin and urapidil, on a finger skin vasoconstrictor response to cold stimulation (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 371-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Prazosin ; Urapidil; Vasoconstrictor response ; laser Doppler flow ; finger tip blood flow ; cold stimulation ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Cold stimulation causes a finger skin vasoconstrictor response, which is regulated by stimulation of α-adrenergic receptors and is reduced by administration of prazosin. The purpose of this study was to investigate, using a laser Doppler flowmeter, whether the decrease in the finger skin vasoconstrictor response to cold stimulation produced by administration of two different α1-adrenoceptor antagonists, prazosin and urapidil, was correlated with the corresponding plasma drug concentration, and whether this method could be used to evaluate the relative potency of these α1-adrenoceptor antagonists in human subjects. Method: In thirteen healthy male subjects (20–42 y), finger tip skin blood flow was measured during cold stimulation before and 1, 2, 3, 6, and 9 h after administration of placebo, prazosin (1 mg) or urapidil (60 mg). Results: Both prazosin and urapidil significantly decreased the vasoconstrictor response to cold stimulation. The degree of the decrement in the response indicated by the reduction ratio was significantly correlated with the plasma concentration of prazosin and urapidil. The α1-adrenoceptor blocking activity of prazosin estimated by the regression lines was about 130-times more potent than that of urapidil. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the cold stimulation response of finger skin vasoconstriction may be used to evaluate the relative α1-adrenoceptor blocking potency of drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050034
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of α1-adrenoceptor antagonists, prazosin and urapidil, on a finger skin vasoconstrictor response to cold stimulation (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 371-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Prazosin ; Urapidil ; Vasoconstrictor response ; laser Doppler flow ; finger tip blood flow ; cold stimulation ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Cold stimulation causes a finger skin vasoconstrictor response, which is regulated by stimulation of α-adrenergic receptors and is reduced by administration of prazosin. The purpose of this study was to investigate, using a laser Doppler flowmeter, whether the decrease in the finger skin vasoconstrictor response to cold stimulation produced by administration of two different α1-adrenoceptor antagonists, prazosin and urapidil, was correlated with the corresponding plasma drug concentration, and whether this method could be used to evaluate the relative potency of these α1-adrenoceptor antagonists in human subjects. Method: In thirteen healthy male subjects (20–42 y), finger tip skin blood flow was measured during cold stimulation before and 1, 2, 3, 6, and 9 h after administration of placebo, prazosin (1 mg) or urapidil (60 mg). Results: Both prazosin and urapidil significantly decreased the vasoconstrictor response to cold stimulation. The degree of the decrement in the response indicated by the reduction ratio was significantly correlated with the plasma concentration of prazosin and urapidil. The α1-adrenoceptor blocking activity of prazosin estimated by the regression lines was about 130-times more potent than that of urapidil. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the cold stimulation response of finger skin vasoconstriction may be used to evaluate the relative α1-adrenoceptor blocking potency of drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203780
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of age on diurnal variation in the pharmacokinetics of propranolol in hypertensive subjects (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 489-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Chronopharmacology ; Propranolol ; absorption ; age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is diurnal variation in the absorption rate of propranolol in younger subjects. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of age on the chronopharmacokinetics of propranolol. We gave 20 mg of propranolol orally to 13 younger and 11 older hypertensive subjects at 09.00 h (day study) or 21.00 h (night study) in a cross-over design. Plasma concentrations of propranolol and its metabolites, 4-hydroxypropranolol and naphthoxylactic acid, were determined just before and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after dosage. In the younger subjects the absorption rate constant (ka) of propranolol and its maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) were significantly higher and the time to maximum concentration (tmax) was significantly shorter in the day than at night. There were similar time-variant changes in Cmax and tmax for 4-hydroxypropranolol and naphthoxylactic acid. In contrast, there were no time-variant changes in ka, Cmax and tmax of propranolol and its metabolites in the older subjects. These results suggest that propranolol is absorbed more rapidly after morning dosing than after night-time dosing in younger but not in older subjects. Based on these findings, we speculate that the time-variance in the absorption rate or first-pass elimination, or both, of propranolol diminish with age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315550
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of diltiazem on the pharmacokinetics of propranolol, metoprolol and atenolol (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 67-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: diltiazem ; propranolol ; metoprolol ; atenolol ; pharmacokinetics ; drug interaction ; beta-adrenoceptor blockade ; healthy volunteers ; pharmacodynamic effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic interaction between diltiazem and three β-adrenoceptor blockers propranolol, metoprolol and atenolol was investigated in healthy volunteers given diltiazem 30 mg or placebo t.d.s. for 3 days, followed by a single dose of propranolol 20 mg, metoprolol 40 mg or atenolol 50 mg. The AUCs of propranolol and metoprolol were significantly increased after diltiazem and it significantly prolonged the elimination half-life of metoprolol. In contrast, it did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of atenolol. Propranolol significantly decreased the resting pulse rate after diltiazem pretreatment as compared to placebo. The results indicate that diltiazem impaired the clearance of propranolol and metoprolol, which are principally metabolized by an oxidative pathway, and that the kinetic interaction between diltiazem and propranolol may partly be related to the significant reduction in the pulse rate produced by the latter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561026
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-dependent change in the effect of probucol in subjects with elevated cholesterol (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 299-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Probucol ; elevated cholesterol, chronopharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A time-dependent change in the cholesterol-lowering effect of probucol has been evaluated in 20 subjects with elevated cholesterol. Probucol 500 mg was given once daily at 07.00 h (day trial) or 19.00 h (night trial) for 3 months according to a crossover design. Fasting blood samples were obtained during the control period and at the end of each treatment period. Serum concentrations of total and HDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased by both the treatments with probucol [total cholesterol (mmol · l−1): control 6.58; day trial 5.41; night trial 5.10; HDL-cholesterol (mmol · l−1): control 1.35; day trial 1.06; night trial 0.96]. These parameters were significantly lower in the night trial than in the day trial. The data indicate that the cholesterol-lowering effect of probucol varies with its time of administration in subjects with elevated cholesterol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02333027
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of age on venodilator effect of isoproterenol and amrinone (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 50 (1996), S. 37-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Isoproterenol ; Amrinone ; Elderly; venodilation ; age-related change ; dorsal hand vein technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To investigate the influence of age on the venodilator effect of isoproterenol, a β-adrenoceptor agonist, and amrinone, a selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) III inhibitor, in human subjects. Methods: In eight young and eight elderly male subjects, the drugs were infused into a dorsal hand vein preconstricted with phenylephrine and its diameter was measured using a linear variable differential transformer. Results: The maximum venodilation (Emax) induced by isoproterenol was significantly smaller and the infusion rate of isoproterenol required to induce 50% of maximum venodilation (ED50) was significantly larger in the elderly than in the young subjects [Emax: 29.8 vs 95.1%, ED50: 97.3 vs 51.6 ng ⋅min–1]. A significant age-related change in Emax or ED50 was not observed for amrinone (Emax: 95.8 vs 100.8%, ED50: 40.1 vs 31.6 μg ⋅min–1). Conclusion: The data show that the venodilator effect of amrinone is not influenced by age. As amrinone increases cyclic AMP by inhibition of PDE III, it is suggested that the action of cyclic AMP is not altered by age. The decreased effect of isoproterenol might be caused by reduced production of cyclic AMP in elderly subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050066
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of food intake on pharmacokinetics and effects of a new thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, S-1452 (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 50 (1996), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words S-1452 ; Thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist; food ingestion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To examine the effect of food ingestion on the pharmacokinetics of a new thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonist, S-1452, and the inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. Methods: Fifty milligrams of S-1452 was given orally to eight healthy subjects with or without food. Blood samples for determinations of plasma drug concentrations and of its effects on platelet aggregation were taken for a 12-h post-drug period. Results: The maximum plasma concentration of S-1452 was reduced by 47% and the time to maximum concentration was prolonged from 0.5 to 1.9 h after dosing with food. The inhibitory effect of S-1452 on platelet aggregations induced by U-46619, a TXA2 receptor agonist, and collagen persisted up to 9 h after dosing with and without food. The degrees of inhibition in the two trials did not differ significantly at any point. Conclusion: These results suggest that although the absorption of S-1452 is delayed and, consequently, its plasma concentration is decreased after dosing with food, the inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation is not significantly influenced after 50 mg of the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050114
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circadian influence on effect of propranolol on exercise-induced tachycardia in healthy subjects (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 133-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: propranolol ; chronopharmacology ; exercise-induced tachycardia ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy volunteers ; gastio-intestinal absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following a cross-over design propranolol 20 mg p.o. was given to 7 healthy subjects at 09.00 h and 21.00 h at an interval of 1 week. Heart rate (HR) during submaximal ergometer exercise was measured at four intervals during 10 h after treatment. Plasma propranolol concentrations were also determined. The suppressive effect (%R) of propranolol on the rise in HR during exercise after the morning dosage was significantly greater at 1.5 h and tended to be greater 3 h after administration than at comparable times in the evening trial. Mean plasma propranolol concentrations during the early phase were higher after the morning than the evening dose. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 10 h (AUC (0–10)) and absorption rate constant (ka) were significantly greater after the morning dose. The time to maximum concentration (tmax) and elimination half-life (t1/2) of the morning and evening dosages did not differ. A significant correlation was observed between plasma propranolol concentration and %R in HR during exercise in the morning (r=0.74) and evening (r=0.63) trials, and the regression lines of the morning and evening treatments did not differ. The data indicate that the suppressive effect of propranolol on exercise-induced tachycardia was relatively greater after a morning than an evening dose; that propranolol was more rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after the morning than the evening dosage; that diurnal changes in the activity of propranolol depend in part on the time of administration and its subsequent effect on plasma concentrations of the drug; and that the antagonist activity of propranolol relative to a given drug concentration may not differ between morning and evening treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265971
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